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Modeling the impact of Australian Plate drift on Southern Hemisphere climate and environment

chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1495-1502页

作者： ZHOU Botao1,5, ZHAO Ping2. JIAN Zhimin3.& HE Jinhai4 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese {2. of sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2. institute of climate and environment, chinese academy of meteoro- logical sciences, Beijing 100081, china 3. Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092. china 4. Department of Atmospheric sciences, Nanjing institute of {12.l- ogy, Nanjing 2.0044, china 5. Graduate School of the chinese {2. of sciences, Beijing 10003., china Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100039 China institute of climate and {2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

Using a global atmosphere-ocean coupled model with the present-day and 14 MaB.P. oceanic topogra- phy respectively, two experiments are implemented to inves- tigate the effect of different locations of Australian Plate on the atmospheric circulation in middle-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that when Austra- lian Plate lay south at 14 MaB.P., both anticyclone circula- tions in the subtropical oceans and cyclone circulation around 60°-70°S are strengthened. Subtropical highs and circumpolar low pressure appear stronger, which results in much stronger Antarctic Oscillation and shorter period of Antarctic Oscillation Index (AOI) at 14 MaB.P. The rainfall and the surface air temperature also change correspondingly. The precipitation decreases around 40°S and increases around 60°-70°S, and the surface air temperature rises in high latitudes of the South Pacific and descends over the Weddell Sea and its north side. Besides, due to the changes of the temperatures and winds, Antarctic sea ice coverage also changes with its increasing in the Ross Sea and its west re- gions and decreasing in the Weddell Sea.

关键词：半球气候地球环球澳大利亚漂流物海洋地形学

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Mesoscale analysis and simulation of heavy rainfall in Shanghai urban area by using non-conventional data

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 36-43页

作者： QI Linlin ZHAO Sixiong institute of Atmospherie Physies. chinese {2. of {3.. Beijing 10002., china chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

In this paper, a local record severe rainfall since1949 occurring in the Shanghai urban area on 5-6 August,2.01 is investigated by using non-conventional observationaldata provided by the "973. basic research project of china,including automatic meteoro{2. stations data, wind pro-filer data, Doppler radar echoes and GMS5 satellite data andNCEP data. By analyzing, it is revealed: (1) the heavy rain-fall, caused by a serious of mesoscale βconvective cloudclusters developing inside the landing tropical depression(TD), occurred suddenly with the typical characteristics ofurban heavy rainfall disaster; (2. the landing tropical de-pression, moved eastward to Shanghai and re-intensifiedbefore entering the sea, was very favorable for the occur-rence of the heavy rainfall in Shanghai; (3. there may existsthe interaction of different scale systems between the tropicaldepression and mesoscale convective cloud clusters; and (4)the various advanced intensive data contribute importantlyto detect earlier and predict successfully the urban meteoro-{2. disasters.

关键词： urban meteorological disaster heavy rainfall mesoscale convective cloud clusters non-conventional data.

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Spatial patterns of terrestrial net ecosystem productivity in china during 1981―2.00

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第5期50卷 745-753页

作者： TAO Bo1, CAO MingKui1, LI KeRang1, GU FengXue1, JI JinJun1,2. HUANG Mei1 & ZHANG LeiMing1 1 institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research, {2. academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2.institute of Atmospheric Physics, {2. academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 1. institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

As the third largest country in the world, china has highly variable environmental condition and eco- {2. pattern in both space and time. Quantification of the spatial-temporal pattern and dynamic of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle in china is of great significance to regional and global carbon budget. In this study, we used a high-resolution climate database and an improved ecosystem process-based model to quantify spatio-temporal pattern and dynamic of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in china and its responses to climate change during 1981 to 2.00. The results showed that NEP increased from north to south and from northeast to southwest. Positive NEP (carbon sinks) occurred in the west of Southwest china, southeastern Tibet, Sanjiang Plain, Da Hinggan Mountains and the mid-west of North china. Negative NEP (carbon sources) were mainly found in Central china, the south of Southwest china, the north of Xinjiang, west and north of Inner Mongolia, and parts of North china. From the 1980s to 1990s, the increasing trend of NEP occurred in the middle of Northeast china Plain and the Loess Plateau and decreasing trends mainly occurred in a greater part of Central china. In the study period, natural forests had minimal carbon uptake, while grassland and shrublands accounted for nearly three fourths of the total carbon terrestrial uptakes in china during 1981―2.00.

关键词： china terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle spatial patterns climate change

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神经网络在气象应用中的并行实现

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计算机工程与应用 2003年第36期39卷 207-209页

作者：曹晓钟刘还珠南京气象学院北京分院北京100081 国家气象中心北京100081

针对大量神经网络训练、预报的需求,文章提出了一种并行实现方案。该方法基于主从计算模式,采用粗粒度的任务划分,按照二级文件的结构形式,较好地解决了大量神经网络应用所面临的训练问题。整个系统结构清晰,高效实用,方便灵活,操作简单... 详细信息

针对大量神经网络训练、预报的需求,文章提出了一种并行实现方案。该方法基于主从计算模式,采用粗粒度的任务划分,按照二级文件的结构形式,较好地解决了大量神经网络应用所面临的训练问题。整个系统结构清晰,高效实用,方便灵活,操作简单,并已在国家气象中心SP2.行机上得到了成功应用。

关键词：国家气象中心气象预报神经网络结构参数网络参数

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泰山暴雨气候统计特征

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岱宗学刊（泰安教育学院学报） 1999年第4期 1-8页

作者：陈善炳陈建昌泰山气象站泰安市气象局山东泰安271000

笔者依据1954～1998年泰山气象站有关暴雨观测记录资料进行了较为详细的统计，其结果是：45年内共出现日雨量≥50mm暴雨日共2.2.，平均每年4．9个，最多年为12.，年平均暴雨口量为79．2.m。1989年全年未出现暴雨，为历年罕见。暴雨日... 详细信息

笔者依据1954～1998年泰山气象站有关暴雨观测记录资料进行了较为详细的统计，其结果是：45年内共出现日雨量≥50mm暴雨日共2.2.，平均每年4．9个，最多年为12.，年平均暴雨口量为79．2.m。1989年全年未出现暴雨，为历年罕见。暴雨日最早出现在4月7日，最晚出现在10月2.日。其中日雨量≥100mm的大暴雨日有44个，平均每年1个，最多年为4个，出现在1994年；≥2.0mm特大暴雨日只有1次，出现在1958年6月3.日，日量为2.1．8mm。本文还对山上、山下（泰安）季、年、月、日暴雨变化规律进行了比较统计，为深入研究泰山暴雨变化规律提供了重要的基础资料。

关键词：暴雨暴雨强度统计特征

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三工河流域景观格局的形成与环境分异特征

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水土保持学报 2001年第3期15卷 98-101页

作者：王玉朝赵成义中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011

景观格局是地貌格局、土壤格局、水资源格局、植物分布格局及生产力格局等的综合。从景观生态学的角度分析了三工河流域景观格局的形成、分布及其环境分异特征 ,讨论了景观格局与环境分异的相互关系 ,最后阐明了三工河流域山地、绿洲和... 详细信息

景观格局是地貌格局、土壤格局、水资源格局、植物分布格局及生产力格局等的综合。从景观生态学的角度分析了三工河流域景观格局的形成、分布及其环境分异特征 ,讨论了景观格局与环境分异的相互关系 ,最后阐明了三工河流域山地、绿洲和荒漠景观格局的形成及所处的环境特征。

关键词：景观格局环境分异三工河流域形成

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PERFECTLY ENERGY-CONSERVATIVE TIME-SPACE FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES AND THE CONSISTENT SPLIT METHOD TO SOLVE THE DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUID

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Science in china,Ser.B 1982年第8期25卷 866-880页

作者：曾庆存张学洪 institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing

As the finite difference methods or other methods of discreet variables both in time andspace coordinates are used to solve the initial value problems. One of the sufficient conditionsfor computational stability is to maintain the conservation or boundness of the total energy ofthe original physical problems in the computational schemes. Those schemes, which do not exactlyguarantee the conservation or boundness of energy, have always some special computational un-stable solutions. Until recently, all published and the so-called energy-conservative finite dif-ference schemes for integrating the dynamical equations of compressible fluid or the meteoro-logical primitive equations conserve the total energy only instantaneously, i.e. when the differen-tial in time remained, but cannot exactly conserve it as the finiie difference in time is also usedinstead of the differential. In this paper, by using some transformations of independent (co-ordinates) or dependent variables, we have successfully designed some time-space finite differ-ence schemes guaranteeing the energy and mass conservations perfectly. Thus the problem ofcomputational stability is solved completely. In order to solve these finite difference equations, some split methods have been developedalso. They possess the internal consistency and reduce the original problem into successivelysolving several onedimensional initial value problems, to which the economical method of fac-torization can be applied effectively. Thus, both computational stability and economy are guar-anteed. These methods can be used in routine.

关键词： PERFECTLY ENERGY-CONSERVATIVE TIME-SPACE FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEMES AND THE CONSISTENT SPLIT METHOD TO SOLVE THE DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUID

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Study on daily surface evapotranspiration with SEBS in Tibet Autonomous Region

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2014年第1期24卷 113-128页

作者： ZHUO Ga LA Ba PUBU Ciren LUO Bu Tibet institute of Plateau Atmospheric and environmental Science Lhasa 850000 China

The estimation of surface evapotranspiration （ET） with satellite dataset is one of the main subjects in the understanding of climate change, disaster monitoring and the circulation of water vapor and energy in Tibet Autonomous Region （TAR）. This research selects satellite images on January 11, April 6, July 3. and October 19 in 2.10 as the representative of winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively, estimates the distribution of daily surface ET based on the surface energy balance system （SEBS） along with potential evapotranspiration （PET） and ET derived from Penman-Monteith （P-M） method. The results are obtained as follows. （1） The seasonal distribution of ET and PET basically decreases from the southeast part to the northwest part of TAR. Although ET and PET have similar spatial distributions, there are still some differences to estimate the extreme values especially the maximum value in the middle and southeastern parts of TAR. No matter what kind of methods we adopted, the maximum value of ET and PET always appears in summer, followed by autumn or spring while that in winter is the smallest. （2. In order to better understand the accuracy of SEBS model in the estimation of ET, we compared the ET from SEBS and the ET obtained from P-M method. Results show that the ET from SEBS could estimates the variation trend of actual ET, but it slightly underestimates or overestimates the value of ET as a whole, especially for those areas with thick forest. （3. The spatial distribution of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） exhibits a decreasing trend from the southeast part to the northwest part of TAR which displays remarkable consistency of distributions between ET and vegetation index. ET is well positively related to NDVI, minimum, mean, maximum air temperature and sunshine duration in different seasons while negatively related to precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed in summer.

关键词： TAR SEBS P-M method ET PET estimation approach

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云南禄丰古猿生活时期的古气候初步研究

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人类学学报 1986年第1期 79-88页

作者：陈万勇林玉芬于浅黎中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所

本文通过对云南禄丰古猿化石地点的沉积物进行综合分析,提出古猿生活时期的气候变迁。即石灰坝组一段为干燥而凉爽气候;二段为温暖较湿润的气候;三段为湿热的南亚热带—热带气候;四段为古猿生活时期,已转变成干湿相间的南亚热带—热带... 详细信息

本文通过对云南禄丰古猿化石地点的沉积物进行综合分析,提出古猿生活时期的气候变迁。即石灰坝组一段为干燥而凉爽气候;二段为温暖较湿润的气候;三段为湿热的南亚热带—热带气候;四段为古猿生活时期,已转变成干湿相间的南亚热带—热带季风气候。庙山坡组(五段),初期气候—度变得相当干燥而炎热、到后期又逐渐为干温气候。

关键词：腊玛与西瓦古猿古气候

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