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biological exposure models for oil spill impact analysis

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 482-485页

作者： XIONG De qi 1, Mark Reed 2. Narve Ekrol 2.(1. department of Marine environmental Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 11602., China E mail: deqi@*** 2. department of environmental Engineering, SINTEF Applied Chemistry Institut 大连海事大学辽宁大连 1 1 6 0 2 SINTEF Applied Chemistry institute 挪威 Trondheim 70 3 4

The oil spill impact analysis (OSIA) software system has been developed to supply a tool for comprehensive, quantitative environmental impact assessments resulting from oil spills. In the system, a biological component evaluates potential effects on exposed organisms based on results from a physico {2. fates component, including the extent and characteristics of the surface slick, and dissolved and total concentrations of hydrocarbons in the water column. The component includes a particle based exposure model for migratory adult fish populations, a particle based exposure model for spawning planktonic organisms (eggs and larvae), and an exposure model for wildlife species (sea birds or marine mammals). The exposure model for migratory adult fish populations simulates the migration behaviors of fish populations migrating to or staying in their feeding areas, over wintering areas or spawning areas, and determines the acute effects (mortality) and chronic accumulation (body burdens) from the dissolved contaminant. The exposure model for spawning planktonic organisms simulates the release of eggs and larvae, also as particles, from specific spawning areas during the spawning period, and determines their potential exposure to contaminants in the water or sediment. The exposure model for wild species calculates the exposure to surface oil of wildlife (bird and marine mammal) categories inhabiting the contaminated area. Compared with the earlier models in which all kinds of organisms are assumed evenly and randomly distributed, the updated biological exposure models can more realistically estimate potential effects on marine ecological system from oil spill pollution events.

关键词： oil spill biological exposure acute effects chronic accumulation migration of fish spawning of eggs and larvae habitat

Status of study on biological and toxicological effects of nanoscale materials

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 385-394页

作者： WANG Bing1, FENG Weiyue1, ZHAO Yuliang1, XING Gengmei1, CHAI Zhifang1, WANG Haifang2.& JIA Guang3 1. Laboratory for Bio-environmental Health sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab), {2. of High Energy Physics, Chi-nese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 3. department of Occupational and environmental Health sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China 1. Laboratory for Bio-environmental Health sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab) Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China 2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China 3. department of Occupational and environmental Health {2. School of Public Health Peking University 100083 Beijing China

Because the physical and chemical properties of nanosized materials mostly differ from the existing microsized materials, their potential impacts on human health and the envi-ronment will be topics under the serious discussions in press and in a number of international scientific journals. We analyze and summarize the existing data of the experimental study on the biological activities and adverse effects of nanoscale materials/particles including single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron powders. Though some biological behaviors of nanoscale materials observed cannot be understood on the basis of the current knowledge, as the existing data are mostly preliminary, it is too early to make some ex-clusive conclusions on biological activities (or the toxicity) of any of nanoscale materials. The experimental techniques, the current topics, and the future research directions for this new re-search field are also discussed.

关键词： nanomaterials, single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron, biological activity and toxicological effect.

Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2. KANG Shichang2.3,5, SUN Junying4,5, Paul A. Mayewski2.& QIN Dahe5 1. National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 2. Climate Change institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. institute of Tibetan Plateau {2., Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China 4. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, China 5. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid environmental and Engineering {2. institute, Chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 1. National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration 100081 Beijing China 2. Climate Change institute University of Maine 04469 Orono ME USA 3. institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 Beijing China 4. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 5. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences 100081 Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 2.D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 2.D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (2.D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

Studies on the regional feature of organic carbon in sediments off the Huanghe River estuary waters

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第1期23卷 129-134页

作者： YUAN Huamao1, 2. LIU Zhigang3, SONG Jinming1, L Xiaoxia1, 2. LI Xuegang1, 2. LI Ning1, 2. ZHAN Tianrong1, 2.. MEes, institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of sciences, Qingdao 2.6071, China2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China3. Zhoushan Marine Eco-environmental Monitoring Station of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316004, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Oceanol MEES Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Zhoushan Marine Ecoenvironm Monitoring Stn Zhoushan 316004 Peoples R China

Organic carbon (OC) in definitely small area sediments(according to marine dimension)off the Huanghe River estuary is investigated in order to evaluate the feature of regional difference of physical and chemical properties in marginal sea *** distributions of OC in sediments with natural grain size and the relationship with the pH,Eh ,es and Fe3+/Fe2. are *** addition,OC decomposition rates in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments are *** concentrations range from 0.2.% to 1.8%(wt)in the study area. Significant differences in OC content and in horizontal distribution as well as various trends in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments exhibit the feature of regional difference remarkably in marginal sea sediments. The complicated distribution of OC in surface sediments is due to the influence of bacterial activity and abundance, bioturbation of benthos and physical disturbance. The OC decomposition rate constant in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments ranges from 0.009 7 to 0.076 a-1 and the relatively high values may be mainly related to bacteria that are mainly responsible for OC mineralization;meio-and macrofauna affect OC degradation both directly, through feeding on it, and indirectly through bioturbation and at the same time coarse sediments are also disadvantageous to OC *** almost all the middle and bottom sediments the contents of OC decrease with the increase of deposition depth, which indicates that mineralization of OC in the middle and bottom sediments has occurred via processes like SO reduction and Fe-oxide reduction.

关键词： regional feature organic carbon sediments Huanghe River estuary

A measure for spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in the Center of Inner Mongolia

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第3期18卷 289-295页

作者： Baimin Songa,b, Daming Huangc,d, Renqing Wanga, Shiyomi Masae d, Fei Xua, Wei Wanga, Gaosheng Zhanga, Xianqiang Zhanga, Jian Qiaoe a College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 2.0100, China b department of environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China c {2. of Ecology, department of biological sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China d Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2.1-1, Mito 310-8512. Japan e department of chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China College of Life Science Shandong University Jinan 250100 China department of environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China institute of Ecology Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Bunkyo 2-1-1 Mito 310-8512 Japan department of chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This study surveyed and analyzed the vegetation heterogeneity in the Center of Inner Mongolia (CIM) by a new method based on the beta-binomial distribution for each kind of vegetation. As many as 190 large quadrats of 5 mm 5 mm (representing an area of 50 km 50 km) (referred to as L-quadrats hereafter) were extracted from about an area of 475,000 km2. Each L-quadrat was divided into four small quadrats (S-quadrat) of 2.5 mm 2.5 mm (equivalent to 2. km 2. km) and the frequency of occurrence of each type of vegetation was recorded in each small quadrate. The weighted average heterogeneity from all of the vegetations composing a land- scape provides a measure at landscape level to determine the spatial intricateness of landscape composition. Our results indicated that each vegetation has its own distribution pattern and the degree of heterogeneity is different from one kind of vegetation to the other. The results proved that the beta-binomial distribution can be very useful for analyzing vegetation landscapes.

关键词： Heterogeneity Beta-binomial distribution Frequency Occurrence Inner Mongolia

ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR OF Mn(Ⅱ) AND Zn(Ⅱ) ON ATTAPULGITE WITH FAAS METHOD

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Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers 2008年第Z1期 36-41页

作者： LI Bingbing1,3 LI Chunxiang2.LIU Aiqin2.XIAO Bo1,3 1. College of environmental Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2. School of Chemistry & chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 2.2.13, China 3. {2. of biological Engineering of Pingdingshan institute of Technology, Pingdingshan 467000, China

Active attapulbgite as adsorptive reagent, the adsorptive behavior of Mn(II) and Zn(II) was studied with Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) method. The mainly factors of influencing the adsorption and desorption of Mn(II) and Zn(II) were discussed. The interference of coexisting ions was investigated, and the actual sample determination from adzuki beans, mung beans and phosphating waste water was conducted with good result.

关键词： Attapulgit FAAS method Determination Mn(II) Zn(II) Foodstuff.

Impacts of increased atmospheric CO_2.concentration on photosynthesis and growth of micro-and macro-algae

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Science China(Life sciences) 2008年第12期51卷 1144-1150页

作者： WU HongYan1, ZOU DingHui1 & GAO KunShan2.1 Marine Biology institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Marine environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Marine Biology institute Shantou University Shantou 515063 China State Key Laboratory of Marine environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Marine photosynthesis drives the oceanic biological CO2.pump to absorb CO2.from the atmosphere, which sinks more than one third of the industry-originated CO2.into the ocean. The increasing atmos-pheric CO2.and subsequent rise of pCO2.in seawater, which alters the carbonate system and related chemical reactions and results in lower pH and higher HCO3- concentration, affect photosynthetic CO2.fixation processes of phytoplanktonic and macroalgal species in direct and/or indirect ways. Although many unicellular and multicellular species can operate CO2.concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to util-ize the large HCO3- pool in seawater, enriched CO2.up to several times the present atmospheric level has been shown to enhance photosynthesis and growth of both phytoplanktonic and macro-species that have less capacity of CCMs. Even for species that operate active CCMs and those whose photo-synthesis is not limited by CO2.in seawater, increased CO2.levels can down-regulate their CCMs and therefore enhance their growth under light-limiting conditions (at higher CO2.levels, less light energy is required to drive CCM). Altered physiological performances under high-CO2.conditions may cause genetic alteration in view of adaptation over long time scale. Marine algae may adapt to a high CO2.oceanic environment so that the evolved communities in future are likely to be genetically different from the contemporary communities. However, most of the previous studies have been carried out under indoor conditions without considering the acidifying effects on seawater by increased CO2.and other interacting {2. factors, and little has been documented so far to explain how physi-ology of marine primary producers performs in a high-CO2.and low-pH ocean.

关键词： CO2 photosynthesis growth phytoplankton macroalgae

Bioremediation of Oil Spills in Cold Environments: A Review

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 371-381页

作者： YANG Si-Zhong JIN Hui-Jun WEI Zhi HE Rui-Xia JI Yan-Jun LI Xiu-Mei YU Shao-Peng State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） Lanzhou institute of chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） department of Geography Harbin College Harbin 150086 （China）

Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue {2. damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and {2. limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the {2. limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.

关键词： bioremediation cold environments freeze-thaw processes frozen soils oil spills

Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 27-34页

作者： CHEN Zhenghua PAN Delu BAI Yan School of the Environment Gangxi University Nanning 530004 China State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing Ministry of Environmental Protection Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China

The coastal ecosystem health assessment is a field of increasing *** this paper,a preliminary assessment of ecosystem health in Zhejiang coastal water zone was made,mainly based on remote sensing data and GIS *** spatial and quantitative evaluation was facilitated by the progress of remote sensing and GIS technique ***,human activities,hydrology and ecosystem problems in the study area were discussed and ***,from 4 aspects of human stress,physical,chemical and biological responses to anthropogenic activities and natural stress,several indicators such as water transparency（Secchi Disk Depth,SDD）,suspended substance concentration,dissolved inorganic nitrogen,active phosphate,chlorophyll,harmful algae bloom,as well as distribution of sewage,sea lanes and port were ***,the Analytic Hierarchical Process was used for indicator weight calculation,and the ecosystem health criteria were established according to the integrative analysis of national water quality criteria,similar coastal ecosystem health {2. in other places or data inherent *** results indicated that from 2.05 to 2.07 the coastal water ecosystem health value in Zhejiang Province was unhealthy and needs ecological restoration by human intervention.

关键词： coastal water zone ecosystem health indicator remote sensing GIS