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The Influence of Pair spiral Extrusion Equipment on Thermoplastic Potato starch

合成化学 2004年第Z1期12卷 106-106页

作者： Wang Qing-ning 1, Feng Hui-xia 1, Ye Qi-zhi 2.1. college of petrochemical technology, Lanzhou Univ. of sic. and Tech., gansu 730050, china {2., c.a.s., gansu 730000 china college of petrochemical technology Lanzhou Univ. of Sic. and Tech. Gansu 730050 China information central for {2. and environmental science C.A.S. Gansu 730000 China

Owing to contain a great deal of hydroxyl in Potato starch, between the molecules and inside of molecules have very strong hydroxyl action. Thus, the liquate temperature is higher than disintegrate temperature, so it is difficult to process. Under the microscope, the microcosmic construction is a polar crystal molecule, and it appears globe *** make the original potato starch into possession thermoplastic, we must make molecule of starch to change construct into amorphous state to form thermoplastic starch colophony. Besides auxiliary agent, shearing stress, temperature, time, pressure and hydrous quantity can affect the quality of starch thermoplastic too. The pair spiral extrude machine is used widely as the machines that are based of the pressure difference, and this extrude course may suffice *** the machine of pair spiral extrude of specific combination in the test of thermoplastic starch, the potato starch can be turned into thermoplastic starch of denaturalization preferably under auxiliary agent, shearing stress, temperature, pressure and the certain hydrous *** the action of the technology process condition and the spiral combination, potato starch grains expand and fragmentate; hydroxyl bond cleave between and inside of molecules. Thus, crystallize state is changed into amorphous state. The transmutation of starch molecule property may be seen clearly from X diffraction chart and analyses of the construction property,By means of the denaturation, the crystal area of potato starch is broken,its crystallization degree is decreased,and its molecular chains are in amorphous state. The hydrogen bond among the molecular chain is broken or removed so that the starch structure is changed, making the starch *** processing of thermoplastic starch advances a higher requirement of ingredient water content, and technical conditions. A remodeled twin-screw extruder is used to create an environment to realize the condition of de

关键词： thermoplastic starch, thermoplastic process, machine of pair spiral extrude.

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characteristics and origins of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived minerals from the Yishu area,shandong Province,china

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 77-87页

作者： MA Jinlong1,2. TAO Mingxin2.3 & YE Xianren2.1. resources and environmental school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou {2., china 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou {2., china 3. college of resources science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china resources and environmental school Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China college of resources science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Fluids and noble gases of mantle-derived materials are important tracers for the mantle information. compositions of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived minerals from the Yishu area, shandong Province, china, were tested by the methods of heat-bursting and heat-melting respectively. The fluids are mainly composed of cO2. cO and H2. which account for about 90% of the total, and are similar to the mantle-derived rocks from other areas of eastern china; ratios of 3He/4He in almost all samples range from 0.82.Ra to 2.74 Ra, whereas 40Ar/36Ar from 2.9.5 to 758.8. Both ranges are much lower than those of the typical ocean mantle-derived samples (such as MORB) and primarily reflect the influences of the atmospheric components and the radiogenic isotopes. Ratios of c/3He range from 2..6×109 to 1050×109, N2.Ar from 92. to 56612. and N2.3He from 2.5×109 to 2.×109, similar to those in western United states and New Zealand which belong to the tectonic plate collision regions. The ratios fall in the intersect of mantle-crust-atmosphere in the comprehensive tracer-charts, reflecting the influences of the atmosphere and the crusts with organic components. Our results suggest that the composition of the primary fluids and the isotopic ratios of the noble gases may either reflect the evolution process of mantle-derived rocks connected with the rise and eruption of magma, or the influence of the ancient subduction-plate on the continental mantle of this region.

关键词： noble gases, primary fluids, mantle-derived minerals, Yishu area.

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calculation of maximum ground movement and deformation caused by mining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 562-569页

作者： LI Pei-xian1, 2. TAN Zhi-xiang1, 2. DENG Ka-zhong1, 2.1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of state Bureau of surveying and Mapping, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of {2. and environmental information Engineering, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of state Bureau of surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of resources and environmental {2. Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

In order to know the maximum mining ground deformation of arbitrary surface point, directions of the maximum surface tilt, curvature,horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation caused by multi-working faces were deduced based on probability integral method. The distribution forms of surface deformations in all direction φ∈[0, 2.] were obtained and also equations of maximum deformations were given based on calculation of mining ground deformation in direction φ. A mining subsidence analysis system was developed with VB6.0. The system implements the probability integral mining subsidence prediction with direct integration method, and it can avoid errors of arbitrary shaped working face subdivision of traditional method, and accuracy of mining subsidence prediction can be improved with the direct integral method. The system implements the contour chart and profile chart and also data analysis automation by manipulation of the sURFER kernel function and it complements the defect of existing subsidence prediction software. calculation of maximum deformations caused by multi-working faces mining in a coal mine of Xuzhou, china was shown as application example. Engineering application indicates that maximum deformation of mining ground surface can be calculated and analyzed by the system. The research provides a theoretical basis and calculation tool for mining subsidence prediction and analysis.

关键词： mining subsidence probability integral method movement and deformation system development

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Enhancing visible-light-driven NO oxidation through molecular‐level insights of dye-loaded sea sands

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 543-554页

作者： Yu-Han Li Bang-Fu chen sónia A.c.carabineiro You-Yu Duan Ping Tan Wing-Kei Ho Fan Dong Engineering Research center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment Ministry of EducationChongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental MaterialsChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing400067China Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang33044China LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of ChemistryNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516CaparicaPortugal college of Physics and center of Quantum Materials and Devices Chongqing UniversityChongqing401331China Department of science and environmental studies The Education University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China

Natural minerals,abundant and easily obtained through simple physical processing,offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for dyeing wastewater disposal and air pollution *** study investigates the photocatalytic removal of NO using natural different types of dyes,loaded on natural sand,under visible light *** examining various coating concentrations of dyes and sand weights,we discovered that sand loaded with Rhodamine B(RhB)exhibits high activity for the photo-oxidation of NO.A combination results of X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and thermogravimetric(TG)analyses confirm the presence of siO_(2.,cacO_(3),Al_(2.O_(3)and iron oxides as the main components of the ***,studying RhB-loaded individual components reveals that cacO_(3)plays a crucial role in enhancing the NO removal *** results and theoretical calculations demonstrate the establishment of a directional charge transfer channel from cacO_(3)to RhB,facilitating the adsorption and activation of molecular NO and O_(2..This work not only promotes the utilization of natural mineral resources but also enriches the fields of environmental photochemistry and semiconductor photocatalysis.

关键词： sand dyes Rhodamine B Photo-oxidation of NO Visible light illumination

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simulation of energy and water balance in soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer system in the mountain area of Heihe River Basin at Hexi corridor of northwest china

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 538-548页

作者： KANG Ersi1, cHENG Guodong1, , sONG Kechao1, JIN Bowen1, , LIU Xiande3 2.3 & WANG Jinye3 1. cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute, chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou {2., china 2. state Key Laboratory of Frozen soil Engineering, chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou {2., china 3. Academy of Water resources conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains, gansu Province, Zhangye 734000, china cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China state Key Laboratory of Frozen nsoil Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Academy of Water resources conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains Gansu Province Zhangye China

In the mountain area of inland Heihe River Basin at Hexi corridor of northwest china during the vegetation growing season from May to september, the simultaneous Heat and Water (sHAW) model of soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (sVAT) system is applied to simulating and studying energy and water balance of the soil-residue-plant canopy layers in the Picea c.a.s.folia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope and the grassland at the sun-facing slope. The simulation of energy balance indicates that net radiation of the grass- land at the sun-facing slope is more than that of the Picea c.a.s.folia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope. The energy outgoing components are the first latent heat and next sensible heat from the grassland both at the shaded slope and the sun-facing slope, but those at the former are less. The energy outgoing components are the first sensible heat and next latent heat from the Picea c.a.s.folia forest. The composition and distribution of energy in the soil-residue-plant canopy layers in the Picea c.a.s.folia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope make the soil layer receive less energy, which therefore, especially the forest possesses the energy conditions for soil water conservation. The simulation of water balance indicates that the water loss of the grassland at the sun-facing slope is mainly caused by soil evaporation, while evapotranspiration of the Picea c.a.s.folia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope is less than that of the grassland at the sun-facing slope. Half of the evapotranspiration of the Picea c.a.s.folia forest and the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope is consumed by transpiration. After precipitation, the soil water storage is increased much more for the Picea c.a.s.folia forest and also more for the grassland by the forest at the shaded slope. Therefore the shaded slope vegetation, especially the forest is favorable for soil water s

关键词： inland rivers, mountain vegetation zone, soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (sVAT) system, energyand water balance, simulation.

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subsidence control and farmland conservation by solid backfilling mining technology

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 665-669页

作者： GUO Guang-li1, 2. FENG Wen-kai3, ZHA Jian-feng1, 2. 3, LIU Yuan-xu1, 2. WANG Qiang1, 2.1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of surveying and Mapping, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of {2. and environmental information Engineering, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china 3. state Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, chengdu University of Technology, chengdu 610059, china Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of resources and environmental {2. Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China state Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

solid backfilling mining technology, which decreases the height of fissure zone and caving zone, and alleviates the subsidence, is a new technology for farmland conservation. Based on the situation analysis of farmland destruction in mining area, three ways for farmland protection were proposed. In order to improve the feasibility of this technology, the limited filling materials should be used to increase resources recovery ratio, and then the surplus materials could be backfilled into goaf. An index, namely farmland conservation ability, was put forward to optimize the ways for farmland conservation. At last, the Wanbei coal mine was taken as a case for farmland conservation. It was shown that 32.0 t dull coal was substituted and 52.hm2.farmland was conserved by solid backfilling mining in this coal mine.

关键词： solid backfilling farmland conservation mining subsidence equivalent mining height

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Mining subsidence control by solid backfilling under buildings

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 670-674页

作者： ZHA Jian-feng1, 2. 3, GUO Guang-li1, 2. FENG Wen-kai3, WANG Qiang1, 2.1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of surveying and Mapping, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of {2. and environmental information Engineering, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1116, china 3. state Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, chengdu University of Technology, chengdu 610059, china Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of resources and environmental {2. Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China state Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

solid backfilling mining can reduce the buildings' damage caused by mining greatly. The reduction of subsidence value, the slow advancing speed and the subsidence caused by backfilling body compaction are the main reasons that solid backfilling mining velocity decreases significantly. Based on the research of mechanism, some principles on subsidence control of solid backfilling mining under buildings were proposed. The equivalent mining height was designed according to the fortification criteria of buildings and their attachment structures, which enables the ground movement and deformation caused by mining to be less than the corresponding fortification criteria.

关键词： solid backfilling mining subsidence control mining under buildings

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Pollen assemblage characteristics of lakes in the monsoon fringe area of china

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chinese science Bulletin 2008年第4期53卷 3354-3363页

作者： TIAN Fang1,2.XU QingHai1,2.3,LI Yuecong1,2.cAO XianYong1,2.WANG XueLi1,2.& ZHANG LiYan1,2.1 college of resources and environmental {2.s,Hebei Normal University,shijiazhuang 050016,china 2.Hebei Key Laboratory of environmental change and Ecological construction,shijiazhuang 050016,china 3 Key Laboratory of Western china’s environmental system(Ministry of Education),Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,china college of resources and environmental {2.s Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China Hebei Key Laboratory of environmental change and Ecological construction Shijiazhuang China Key Laboratory of Western china’s environmental system (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China

This paper presents the pollen assemblages from 108 surface sediment samples from 4 lakes(the Lake Daihai,Lake Hongjiannao,Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao) in the monsoon fringe area of *** herb pollen taxa Artemisia,chenopodiaceae,Poaceae and compositae are the major components of pollen assemblages of the 4 lakes and Pinus,Betula,Quercus,Ulmus,Populus,Ostryopsis and Elaeagnaceae are frequently presented,which reflect regional and local vegetation *** mean similarity coefficients for samples from the Lake Daihai,Lake Hongjiannao,Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao are 0.66 ± 0.17,0.71 ± 0.11,0.73 ± 0.12.and 0.67 ± 0.12.respectively,so pollen assemblages are relatively consistent in each lake,which shows that focusing and mixing effects have occurred before and after pollen ***,pollen assemblages do differ between sampling sites in each *** largest difference is seen in the Lake Daihai,followed by the Lake Duikounao,Lake Hulunnao and Lake Hongjiannao(The mean Euclidean distance is 2..09 ± 11.11,11.2. ± 3.64,10.67 ± 4.03 and 8.44 ± 4.51 respectively).These differences are possibly caused by the differences of focusing and mixing effects,pollen source areas,drainage areas and regional vegetation *** Lake Daihai and Lake Hongjiannao have water deeper than 5 m and strong re-suspension,focusing and mixing effects occur in the lakeshore and shallow water areas,where pollen concentrations are lower than in deeper lake *** the Lake Hulunnao and Lake Duikounao,with depths less than 5 m,re-suspension and mixing effects are obvious across the whole lake area,so pollen assemblages and pollen concentra-tions are more consistent among sampling sites in each *** between the lake samples and samples from the inflowing river reveals that wind is primary pollen transportation force in the Lake Hongjiannao,where the consistency of pollen assemblage is conspicuous,while there is greater variation in lakes where pollen input is

关键词：湖泊花粉相似系数欧几里得季风

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Impact of land-use change on hydrological processes in the Maying River basin, china

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1098-1110页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3, ZHANG Yu2. LIU Guimin2.& cHEN Lin3 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, chinese Academy of sciences, chengdu 610041, china 2. cold and Arid Regions {2. and Engineering Research Institute, chinese Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 3. Resource and Environment school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Resource and Environment school Lanzhou University Lanzhou China cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river basins of china. It is very important to assess the effects of such land-use changes on the hydrological processes so vital for water resource management and sustainable development on the catchment scale. The Maying River catchment, a typical arid inland watershed located in the middle of the Hexi corridor in northwest china, was the site chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land-use changes. The annual runoff, base flow, maximum peak flow, and typical seasonal runoff in both spring and autumn flood periods were selected as the variables in the hydrological processes. statistical-trend analysis and curvilinear regression were utilized to detect the trends in hydrological variables while eliminating the climatic influence. The relationship between cultivated land-use and hydrological variables was analyzed based on four periods of land-use variation data collected since 1965. A runoff model was established composed of two factors, i.e., cultivated land use and precipitation. The impact of land use changes, especially in the large ar- eas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967, has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 2..12., a base flow decline of 35.32., a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 35.77%, and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 36.05% and 2..87% respectively, of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the influence of annual runoff amounts to 77%-80%, with the contribution to the influence of spring discharge being 73%-81%, and that to the influence of base flow reaching 62.-65%. Thus, a rational regulation policy of land use patterns is vitally important to the sustainable use of water {2. and the proper development of the entire catchment.

关键词： land-use change, arid inland river catchment, hydrological process, impact, Maying River.

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Bacterial community in deep subseafloor sediments from the western Pacific "warm pool"

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science china Earth sciences 2008年第4期51卷 618-624页

作者： ZHAO Jing1 & ZENG RunYing2.1 college of Oceanography and environmental science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, {2. 2.Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, state Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, {2. college of Oceanography and environmental science Xiamen University Xiamen China Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic resources Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China

The bacterial community in deep subseafloor sediments at a depth of 2.0 cm from the western Pacific "warm pool" is studied by construction of 16s rDNA clone library and PcR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. The results indicate that the bacterial community in these sediments is mainly composed of five groups: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, cFB group (cytophaga / Flexi-bacteria / Bacteroides), Acidobacteria and gram positive bacteria, with a few genera detected in each group. The most abundant bacteria group is α-Proteobacteria, and the next is β-Proteobacteria. The dominant species in α-and β-Proteobacteria are sphingomonas paucimobilis and Pseudomonas alca-ligenes respectively. The cFB group is simply composed of members belonging to Flavobacterium. The gram positive bacteria are rich, and mainly consists of the genus Geobacillus. The analysis of bacterial community indicates that organic matter is still abundant in the subseafloor sediments at the depth of 2.0 cm in the western Pacific "warm pool" . These bacteria in this deep biosphere may play an impor-tant role in the nitrogen cycle of deep sea sediments at "warm pool" .

关键词： western Pacific 'warm pool' deep subseafloor sediment bacterial community

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