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Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance

Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第4期47卷 357-365页

作者： XIAO Qinghui1,2. LU Xinxiang1,3, WANG Fei4, SUN Yangui5, WEI Xiangdong3 & XING Zuoyun6 1. Division of Granite Geology, china Geological Survey, Yichang 443003, china {2., beijing 100812, china 3. Geological Survey of Henan Province and Institute of Geological Research of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450053, china 4. Geological Institute, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 10002., china 5. Geological Survey Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810032. china 6. china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china Division of Granite Geology China Geological Survey Yichang China information center of {2. of land and resources Beijing China Geological Survey of Henan Province and Institute of Geological Research of Henan Province Zhengzhou China Geological Institute China Seismological Bureau Beijing China Geological Survey Institute of Qinghai Province Xining China china University of Geosciences Wuhan China

The Yingfeng rapakivi granite on the north flank of Qaidam is a newly discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in china, which was found after the discovery of Shachang rapakivi in Miyun County, beijing and Kuandian rapakivi in Jilin Province. Yingfeng rapakivi pluton is ex-posed on the north side of the suture belt between Qinling-Kunlun orogenic belt and North china plate. U-Pb zircon isotopic dating and Ar-Ar isotopic dating of both hornblende and K-feldspar from the Yingfeng rapakivi granite have been conducted. The results show that the age of (1776±33)Ma at the upper intercept in Concorde diagram represents the age of formation of the plu-ton, whereas the age of (52. 2.1) Ma at the lower intercept and Ar-Ar mineral dating of horn-blende and K-feldspar correspond to the age of a later event affecting the pluton, suggesting that Yingfeng pluton has ever been affected by strong regional Caledonian-Hercynian tectonic movement after its formation. The discovery of middle Proterozoic Yingfeng rapakivi granite pro-vides a petrologic evidence for the timing of cratonization of both the continental crust basement in western china and the basement of the North china plate and for a rifting event taking place in the mid-Proterozoic, suggesting that an amalgamation of ancient china continents had ever happened during the L liang Movement?between the early Proterozoic and the mid-Proterozoic.

关键词： rapakivi, U-Pb dating, Ar-Ar dating, Kunlun-Qinling orogenic belt.

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Lithosphere types in North china:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2. DENG Jinfu3, ZHOU Su3, LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3 1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 100037, china 2. Development and Research {2., china Geological Survey, beijing 100037, china 3. china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 4. china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 5. information {2. of ministry of land and resources, beijing 100812, china 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, beijing 10002., china Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Development and Research center China Geological Survey Beijing China china University of Geosciences Beijing China china University of Geosciences Wuhan China information center of {2. of land and resources Beijing China Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North china, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North china platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North china Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North china platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North china craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North china platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North china in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Suitability evaluation for land reclamation in mining area:A case study of Gaoqiao bauxite mine

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 506-515页

作者： WANG Shi-dong1, 2. LIU Chang-hua2. ZHANG He-bing2.1. College of resources Science and Technology, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. School of Surveying and land information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, china College of resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Surveying and land information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China

Suitability evaluation plays an important role in land reclamation because the choice of evaluation methods affects the accuracy and objectivity of the suitability evaluation results. Furthermore, it influences the decision-making related to land reclamation. An improved method, which is called limit comprehensive conditions method, was developed after different suitability evaluation methods were studied. Based on this method, the reclaimed land of the Gaoqiao bauxite mining area was evaluated. The Gaoqiao mining area was divided into seven evaluation units that were evaluated respectively by selecting evaluation factors and establishing grade standards. The results show that the proposed method is more applicable and easier to handle. Moreover, its evaluation results are more scientific compared with the traditional evaluation methods. The improved method can be beneficial to the rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.

关键词： mining area land reclamation suitability evaluation Gaoqiao bauxite mine

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Quick image-processing method of UAV without control points data in earthquake disaster area

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 523-528页

作者： LI Chang-chun1, ZHANG Guang-sheng1, LEI Tian-jie2. 3, GONG A-du2. 3 1. School of Surveying & land information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000,{2. 2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, ministry of Education, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{2. 3. ministry of Civil Affairs/ministry of Education of{2. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{2. School of Surveying & land information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China ministry of Civil Affairs/ministry of Education of{2. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The methods of unmanned aerial vehicles images splicing rapidly and rectifying without control points data, only using auxiliary data recorded by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, were researched. Two algorithms were proposed, including UAV images auto- splicing rapidly after image blocking and UAV images rectifying based on pseudo center points of auxiliary data. When SIFT algorithm for UAV images splicing is applied, the accuracy is very high, but the efficiency is very low. The splicing efficiency is improved greatly based on SIFT algorithm after image blocking. The results show that rectifying accuracy is very high and has no visual dislocation when pseudo center points of auxiliary data is applied.

关键词： unmanned aerial vehicles SIFT algorithm blocking quickly splicing rectification

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Paleomagnetic study on orogenic belt:An example from Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks,Inner Mongolia,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1127-1133页

作者： REN Shoumai 1,2.,ZHU Rixiang 1 ,HUANG Baochun 1 ,ZHANG Fuqin 1 & WANG Hongqiang 1 1.Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,china 2.Strategic Research {2. for Oil and Natural Gas,The ministry of land and resources of china,beijing 100034,china Strategic Research center for Oil and Natural Gas The Ministry of Land and Resources of China Beijing China Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing China

We report paleomagnetic results for Early Cretaceous lava flows collected from the Suhongtu area of Inner Mongolia, the middle part of the Tianshan-Mongolia Fold Belt (TMFB). Rock-magnetic experiments for different lava flows indicate that the main magnetic mineral is pseudo-single-domain (PSD) magnetite. The characteristic high-temperature remanence com- ponent is isolated by thermal demagnetization temperature steps between 300°C and 585"C, which yields a mean direction of D = 2..6°, I=56.0° with α 95 = 2.3°. We interpret this high-temperature remanence component as primary magnetization based mainly upon the petrographic analysis, which shows that the shape of magnetite crystal is relatively rounded square or polygon without internal reflection and deuterogenous phenomenon. The correspond- ing pole of the high-temperature remanence component is at 71.1°N, 2.0.5°E with A 95 = 2.7°. This Early Cretaceous pole is in good agreement with those for Siberia, North china, and Inner Mongolia, suggesting that these continental blocks had already sutured together in the Early Cretaceous, which would further provide constraints on better understanding of the formation and evolution of the TMFB.

关键词： orogenic belt, paleomagnetism, Suhongtu of Inner Mongolia, Eurasia.

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Integrative inversion of land surface component temperature

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2011-2019页

作者： FAN Wenjie1 & XU Xiru1,2.1. Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical information System, Peking University, beijing 100871,{2. 2. center of Remote Sensing and GIS of beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{2. Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical information System Peking University Beijing China center of Remote Sensing and GIS of beijing Normal University Beijing China

In this paper, the row winter wheat was selected as the example to study the com-ponent temperature inversion method of land surface target in detail. The result showed that the structural pattern of row crop can affect the inversion precision of component temperature evi-dently. Choosing appropriate structural pattern of row crop can improve the inversion precision significantly. The iterative method combining inverse matrix was a stable method that was fit for inversing component temperature of land surface target. The result of simulation and field ex-periment showed that the integrative method could remarkably improve the inversion accuracy of the lighted soil surface temperature and the top layer canopy temperature, and enhance inver-sion stability of components temperature. Just two parameters were sufficient for accurate at-mospheric correction of multi-angle and multi-spectral thermal infrared data: atmospheric trans-mittance and the atmospheric upwelling radiance. If the atmospheric parameters and component temperature can be inversed synchronously, the really and truly accurate atmospheric correction can be achieved. The validation using ATSRII data showed that the method was useful.

关键词： components temperature, inverse pattern, atmospheric correction

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An Introduction to Copper Deposits in china

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Journal of Earth Science 1999年第1期18卷 17-19页

作者： Huang Chongke Higher Advisory center, ministry of {2. and resources, beijing 100812 Zhu Yusheng Section of Planning, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, beijing 100037

There are 11 genetic types of copper deposit in china, three of which (porphyry, contact metasomatic and VMS types) are the most important. The copper deposits distribute widely both temporally and spatially in china. The features of copper ores in china are mostly poor in copper tenor and complex in metal associated. The copper metallogeny in china predominantly occurs in three metallogenic megadomains, namely the circum Pacific, the paleo Asian and the Tethys Himalayan.

关键词： copper deposit characteristics china.

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Southeastern extension of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) and its tectonic evolution significance in western South china Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 839-850页

作者： LIU Baoming1,2.3, XIA Bin1, LI Xuxuan1,3, ZHANG Minqiang1,3, NIU Binhua2. ZHONG Lifeng1, JIN Qinghuan1,4 & JI Shaocheng1,5 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640, china 2. china University of Geosciences (beijing), beijing 100083, china 3. Research center of Science & Technology Department, CNOOC, beijing 10002., china 4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, ministry of land & resources, Guangzhou 510075, china 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, H3C3A7, Canada Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China china University of Geosciences (beijing) Beijing China Research center of Science & Technology Department CNOOC Beijing China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Ministry of Land & Resources Guangzhou China Ecole Polytechnique Montreal Canada

Recent geophysical surveys and basin modeling suggest that the No.1 fault in the Ying- gehai basin (YGHB) is the seaward elongation of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) in the South china Sea (SCS). The RRFZ, which separates the South china and Indo{2. block, extends first along the Yuedong fault, offshore of Vietnam, and then continues southward and breaks off into two branches: the Lupar fault and the Tinjia fault. The southern extension of the Lupar fault dies out beneath the NW Borneo while the Tinjia fault extends southeast and reaches the Brunei-Sabah area. According to the gravity and geomagnetic data, and the tectonic evolution of the basins, there are different evolution histories between the Wan’an basin (WAB) and the basins in the Nansha block. The Tinjia fault may be the boundary between the Balingian block and the Nansha block. Hence, the line linking the Yue- dong fault and the Tinjia fault, which both are continental margin faults and strike-slip ones in the geological evolution histories, constitute the boundary between the Indo{2. and Nansha block. The Lupar fault, in contrast, is an intraplate fault within the Indo{2. block. The results provide new hints for reconstructing the tectonic evolution history of the RRFZ and the opening of the SCS, and also a framework for hydrocarbon prospecting in the region.

关键词： Red River fault zone, tectonic evolution, fault, extension, western South china Sea.

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Polynomial analysis of canopy spectra and biochemical component content inversion

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1780-1791页

作者： YAN Chunyan1, LIU Qiang1, NIU Zheng1, WANG Jihua2. HUANG Wenjiang2.& LIU Liangyun 2.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101,{2. 2. National Engineering Research center for information Technology in Agriculture, beijing 100089,{2. Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University National Engineering Research center for information Technology in Agriculture

A polynomial expression model was developed in this paper to describe directional canopy spectra, and the decomposition of the polynomial expression was used as a tool for re-trieving biochemical component content from canopy multi-angle spectra. First, the basic formula of the polynomial expression was introduced and the physical meaning of its terms and coeffi-cients was discussed. Based on this analysis, a complete polynomial expression model and its decomposition method were given. By decomposing the canopy spectra simulated with SAILH model, it shows that the polynomial expression can not only fit well the canopy spectra, but also show the contribution of every order scattering to the whole reflectance. Taking the first scattering coefficients a10 and a01 for example, the test results show that the polynomial coefficients reflect very well the hot spot phenomenon and the effects of viewing angles, LAI and leaf inclination angle on canopy spectra. By coupling the polynomial expression with leaf model PROSPECT, a canopy biochemical component content inversion model was given. In the simulated test, the canopy multi-angle spectra were simulated by two different models, SAILH and 4-SCALE re-spectively, then the biochemical component content was retrieved by inverting the coupled polynomial expression + PROSPECT model. Results of the simulated test are promising, and when applying the algorithm to measured corn canopy multi-angle spectra, we also get relatively accurate chlorophyll content. It shows that the polynomial analysis provides a new method to get biochemical component content independent of any specific canopy model.

关键词： polynomial expression, canopy spectra, decomposition, biochemical component content, inversion.

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A formal model of fair exchange protocols

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Science in china(Series F) 2005年第4期48卷 499-512页

作者： QING Sihan1,2.3 & LI Gaicheng1,2.3 1. Engineering Research center for information Security Technology, Institute of Software, Chinese Aca- demy of Sciences, {2. 100080, china 2. {2. Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of information Technology, {2. 100080, china 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 100039, china Engineering Research center for information Security Technology Institute of Software Chinese Aca- demy of Sciences beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of information Technology Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the study of existing fair exchange protocols, this paper sets up an accurate formal model by stepwise refinement. In the process of refinement an unreliable channel is employed to simulate an attack behavior. The model provides a novel formal definition of exchanged items, and presents the formal goals for fairness, accountability, etc., reflecting the inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols across-the-board. In order to check, prove, and design fair exchange protocols effectively and efficiently, the model puts forward a novel property of abuse-freeness which applies to all fair exchange protocols, gives a formal definition for trust strand of the third party, and presents general criteria of designing a secure and effective fair exchange protocol. Taking a typical fair exchange protocol as an example, this paper presents the analysis steps of fair exchange protocols appealing to our model. An unknown attack is uncovered. The analysis reveals the process of a complete attack, discovering deeper reasons for causing an attack. Finally, we modify the flawed protocol and the revised protocol ensures the desirable properties.

关键词： events local causal relation local temporal relation global relation exchanged item security goals.

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