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Three industries and wastewater and COD discharge of Beijing

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2000年第4期12卷 474-477页

作者： WANG Yan 1, WANG Hong rui 2. NING Da tong 2.(1. Beijing Municipal Research institute of {3. {2., Beijing 10003.,{3. 2. institute of {3. Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,{3.) 北京市环境保护所北京 1 0 0 0 3 北京师范大学北京 1 0 0 875

With the swift development of economy, the water quality of Beijing is becoming worse day by day and hampers the sustainable development obviously. In this paper, the current conditions of the municipal wastewater structure in the industrial sectors are analysed and discussed in terms of the indicators, such as direct wastewater\|discharge coefficient, complete wastewater\|discharge coefficient, direct discharge coefficient of COD and complete discharge coefficient of COD, by taking a year of 1990s as the base year. Some countermeasures are studied and the corresponding recommendations are put forward in order to improve the water environment in Beijing. This provides a scientific ground for coordinating the relationship between the aquatic environment and economic growth in this city.

关键词： direct wastewater discharge coefficient (DWDC) complete wastewater discharge coefficient (CWDC) direct discharge coefficient of COD(DDC of COD) complete discharge coefficient of COD (CDC of COD)

Water pricing towards sustainability of water resources: a case study in Beijing

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2002年第4期14卷 518-523页

作者： LIU Shao (Guangzhou Research institute of environmental {2., Guangzhou 51062.,{3.. ) Guangzhou Heseureh institute of environmental {2. Guangzhou 510620

The role of water pricing for managing water resources is widely recognized in many areas of the world because of the increasing scarcity of water resources, a high competition between water uses and environmental degradation. Based on the analysis of cost of water, this paper explores which types of cost should be reflected in the water pricing enhancing the sustainability of water resources. The principle of full cost pricing in which the cost should include supply cost, opportunity cost and externalities is proposed as a means to achieve the sustainability of water resources. In a case study of Beijing, low water price is analyzed as one reason for unsustainable water consumption. Thus water pricing justified is necessary and pressing. It is proposed to justify water price in phased manner and eventually towards full cost pricing. The assessment of impacts on water resources by raising water price shows water pricing could alleviate the conflict between water supply and demand. This paper concludes that water pricing can play an effective role in enhancing the sustainability of water resources in Beijing.

关键词： water resources water price cost full cost pricing sustainability Beijing

Determination of photochemically-generated reactive oxygen species in natural water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 303-306页

作者： ZHAN Manjun Nanjing Research institute of environmental {2.,Nanjing 2.0013.{3.. [a]Nanjing Research institute of environmental {2. Nanjing 210013 China

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） can be produced by interactions between sunlight and light-absorbing substances in natural water environment. ROS may participate in the indirect photolysis of trace organic pollutants, therefore resulting in changes in their environmental fates and ecological risks in natural water systems. Bisphenol A （BPA）, an endocrine-disrupting chemical, exits widely in natural waters. The photodegradation of BPA promoted by ROS （-OH, 1O2. HO2./O2.-）, which were produced on the excitation of ubiquitous constituents （such as nitrate ion, humic substances and Fe（Ⅲ）-oxalate complexes） in natural water under simulated solar radiation was investigated. Both molecular probe method and electron spin resonance （ESR） test were used for the characterization of the generated ROS. It was found that .OH was photochemically produced in the presence of nitrate ions, humic substances and Fe（Ⅲ）-oxalate complexes and that 102.was produced with the presence of humic substances. The steady-state concentrations of .OH was 1.2.×10^-14 mol/L in a nitrate solution, and the second-order rate constant of BPA with ＂OH was 1.01×10^10 L/（mol.s）.

关键词： reactive oxygen species Bisphenol A hydroxyl radicals singlet oxygen superoxide anion radical photodegradation

Three-dimensional configurations of organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructural blocks (I).A quantum mechanical investigation for ladder-like structure of vinylsilsesquioxane

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Science china Chemistry 2004年第5期47卷 388-395页

作者： ZHANG Xingwen1,2. HU Lijiang1, HUANG Yudong1, SUN Dezhi2.& SUN Yi3.1. Department of Applied Chemistry,Harbin institute of Technology, HUANG Yudong, Harbin 150001,{3. 2. Department of {2. Engineering, Harbin institute of Technology, Harbin 150001,{3. 3. Department of Experimental Mechanics,Harbin institute of Technology, Harbin 150001,{3. 1. Department of Applied Chemistry Harbin Institute of Technology HUANG Yudong 150001 Harbin China 2. Department of environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology 150001 Harbin China 3. Department of Experimental Mechanics Harbin Institute of Technology 150001 Harbin China

The organic/inorganic hybrid nanostructural vinylsilsesquioxanes (VSSO) were prepared from the hydrolytic condensation of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VMS). The proposed formu- las of VSSO were assigned with standard spectroscopic techniques, FTIR, NMR (1H, C and 13.2.Si) and MALDI-TOF MS, and a generic formula of the SSO, Tn(OH)x(OR’)y(x, y = 0, 1, 2.; n = 1, 2.; T = RSiO1.5 ?(x+y)/2.). Geometric parameters (Si-O and Si-C bond lengths, Si-O-Si and O-Si-O bond angles) and total energies of the multi-structures of VSSO were calculated by a quantum mechanical investigation and molecular symmetries. According to the results of the calculation, most molecules had stabler ladder structures than the cage isomers, therefore, the most probably reasonable and optimum structure of the VSSO system was the ladder type.

关键词： vinyltrimethoxysilane (VMS), silsesquioxanes (SSO), sol-gel process, quantum mechanical calculation, MNDO.

Indigenous Knowledge of Natural Resource Management and Population Control for Dong Ethnic Group in guizhou Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2010年第3期8卷 11-16页

作者： Yuan Juanwen1,2. Wu Quanxing3.1. School of Resources and environmental Management, guizhou College of Finance and Economics, Guiyang guizhou 550004,{3. 2. Sociology of Consumers and Households, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6700 KN, The Netherlands 3. Cultural institute, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili guizhou 556000,{3. School of Resources and environmental Management Guizhou College of Finance and Economics Guiyang Guizhou 550004 China Sociology of Consumers and Households Wageningen University and Research Wageningen 6700 KN The Netherlands Cultural institute Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Kaili Guizhou 556000 China

Dong ethnic people have rich indigenous knowledge in terms of their daily life and production, which plays an important role in the sustainable development of their village. This paper aims to understand traditional knowledge of Dong ethnic people in resource management and population control, including traditional resource management, traditional medicinal knowledge and village regulations in Zhanli Village in Southeast guizhou Province. The research methods include key informant interview, group discussion, participant observation and secondary data collect- ing. The results show that Zhanli villagers try their best to utilize indigenous knowledge to manage the natural resources and keep the stable population to make themselves live in a sustainable way. Indigenous knowledge plays an important role in managing their limited natural resources and keeping the population stable under an excellent condition. Zhanli villagers employ indigenous knowledge to manage natural resources and use local herbs to control the population. Village regulation terms significantly influence villagers’ awareness in resource management and birth control. Women play the chief role in employing indigenous knowledge in weaving as well as medicinal knowledge in birth control, and these kinds of knowledge are passed down through the female line. However, the inheritance style of traditional knowledge is decreasing. Indig- enous knowledge plays an important role in the sustainable development of this village, which gives implications for development practices to involve indigenous knowledge to achieve sustainable development.

关键词： traditional knowledge natural resource management population control Dong ethnicity guizhou

ON THE ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES DURING THE 2.RD SEPTEMBER 1987 ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE

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Chinese Journal of Acoustics 1989年第4期8卷 335-340页

作者： XIE Jinlai, YANG Xunren(institute of Acoustics, Academia Sinica)LI Qitai(institute of {2. {3. of guizhou Province) Acad Sinica

During solar eclipse, the lunar shadow moves through the earth's atmosphere with supersonic speed. Chimonas and Hines deemed that the shock waves produced by cooling of atmosphere would induce gravity waves, and both TIDs and atmospheric pressure changes can be detected in the ionosphere and on the ground respectively. Although the IGW signals from solar eclipse are usually quite weak, they can still be detected .The pressure changes on ground level occur near the region of eclipse, but can be detected even far beyond the path of eclipse. This article is the first one to report results of detecting pressure waves caused by solar eclipse in china.Druing the 2.rd September 1987 annular solar eclipse, IGWs have been detected and recorded at infrasound observatories in Urumqi, Taiyuan, Xuzhou and Suzhou, which are situated within the path of annular eclipse, as well as in Beijing and Guiyang, which are situated on the opposite sides of this path. The signals are detected by microbarometers of condenser microphone type. After analysing the waveforms of the recorded signals numerically, the wave periods and wave amplitudes are determined to be within the ranges from 10 to 60 min and from 7 to 2. Pa (peak to peak ) respectively. The results from dynamical spectral analyses show that the spectral distribution of all the gravity wave periods from various observatories is continuous and possesses a common main period of 40 min. Moreover, there are waves with even longer periods in different observatories and their appearance times are quite different.

关键词： Nature ON THE ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES DURING THE 2.RD SEPTEMBER 1987 ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE RD

Nature　reserve　construction　and　its　contribution　to　the　biodiversity　conservation　in　china　mainland

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1996年第1期8卷 15-20页

作者： Jiang Mingkang Xue Dayuan(Nanjing institute of environmental Science, National environmental {3. Agency, Nanjing 2.0042.china ) Nanjing Inst Envmtl Sci National Envmtl Protection Agency Nanjing China China

By the end of 1993. 763.nature reserves were established in china with a total area of 66184.1 kha, occupied proximally 6. 84% of the whole country's land *** reserves concerning biodiversity conservation include ecosystem categories of forest, grassland, desert, terrestrial wetland and waters, ocean and coast and categories of wild animal and wild plant. Based on the construction of the reserves, the contributions of the reserves of various categories to the biodiversity conservation and the existed shortages for the reserve construction in china were analyzed thoroughly in this paper.

关键词： nature reserve protected area reserve construction biodiversity conservation.

Characteristics of rare earth elements in soils in guizhou carbonate region

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 115-116页

作者： YAN Chongling~(1,2., HONG Yetang~1, WANG Shijie~1, FU Shunzhen~2. ZHU Keyong~2.and WU Shanqi~2.1. State Key Laboratory of environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002. china {2., Guiyang 550002. china State Key Laboratory of environmental Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China guizhou institute of {2. {3. Guiyang 550002 China

IN recent years, rare earth element (REE) being used in agriculture has gained greater progress and madeus reach some common views. The centent of REE (especially soluble REE) in soils has significantcorrelation with that of REE plant absorbed from soil. Therefore, it is very necessary to clarify contentvariation and background values of REE (especially soluble REE ) from the angles of relation of supplyand demand between soil and plants, for reasonably using REE and formulating relevant health standardin the region, avoiding excessive using REE and taking up soil environmental capacity of REE to result insoil or water-body polluted and sometime for researching rock weathering, soil-forming process and soilclassification in the region. This note deals with characteristics of content and distribution of REE andsoluble REE in soils of guizhou carbonate region.

关键词： rare earth element soil, Carbonate area, guizhou.

Lie symmetries of mechanical systems with unilateral holonomic constraints

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第15期45卷 1354-1358页

作者： ZHANG Yi & MEI Fengxiang1. Department of Basic Courses, Suzhou institute of Urban Construction & environmental {2., Suzhou 2.5011,{3. 2. Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing institute of Technology, Beijing 10008I,{3. Department of Basic Courses Suzhou Institute of Urban Construction & Environmental Protection Suzhou China Department of Applied Mechanics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

In the recent twenty years, the study on the Lie symmetries and conserved quantities of constrained mechanical systems has been making great progress[1-5]. Up to now, however, all the studies are limited to the mechanical systems with ideal bilateral constraints. This note further studies the Lie symmetries of mechanical systems with unilateral holonomic constraints, and two problems of Lie symmetries for the systems are put forward and solved, i.e. finding the conserved quantity from a Lie symmetric transformation of the system and finding the corresponding Liesymmetry from an integral of the systemi ? 梛 ? Jsymmetry from an integral of the system.

关键词： analytical mechanics unilateral constraint holonomic system Lie symmetry conserved quantity.