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Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in China

Science China Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2. ZHANG Mingjie3, WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4 & QIN Yong5 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China 2. PetroChina Exploration & Production, Beijing 100011, China 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 4. guangzhou Geochemical institute, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 51064., China 5. China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1000, China 1. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development 100083 PetroChinaBeijin China 2. PetroChina Exploration & Production 100011 Beijing China 3. Department of Geology Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou China 4. guangzhou Geochemical institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 510640 Guangzhou China 5. China University of Mining and Technology 221000 Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

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Dinosaur eggs and dinosaur egg-bearing deposits(Upper Cretaceous) of Henan Province,China:Occurrences,palaeoenvironments,taphonomy and preservation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第11期19卷 1587-1601页

作者： Xinquan Liang~(a,*),Shunv Wen~(a,b),Dongsheng Yang~a,Shiquan Zhou~c,Shichong Wu~d a Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and geochemistry,guangzhou {2. of geochemistry,chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 51064.,China b Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100039,China c First Geology and Exploration {2.,Henan Bureau of Geology,Mineral Exploration and Development Supervision,Nanyang 473003,China d Zhuzhou {2. of Mineral Resources and Geological Survey,Hunan Geological Survey,Zhuzhou 412.07,China [a]Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China [b]Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China [c]First Geology and Exploration institute Henan Bureau of Geology Mineral Exploration and Development Supervision Nanyang 473003 China [d]Zhuzhou institute of Mineral Resources and Geological Survey Hunan Geological Survey Zhuzhou 412007 China

The Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg-bearing deposits in Henan Province,central China are divided into three formations in ascending order:Gaogou,Majiacun and *** Gaogou Formation belongs to alluvial fan deposits containing the fossil dinosaur egg assemblage of Faveoloolithus,Dendroolithus,Dictyoolithus,Paraspheroolithus and *** Majiacun Formation is interpreted as braided stream to meandering stream deposits with assemblage of Ovaloolithus,Paraspheroolithus,Placoolithus,Dendroolithus,Prismatoolithus, rare Youngoolithus and *** Sigou Formation is shallow lacustrine/palustrine to low-sinuosity river sedimentary rocks with assemblage of Macroolithus,Elongatoolithus,Ovaloolithus and Paraspheroolithus. To date,37 oospecies,13 oogenera and 8 oofamilies of dinosaur eggs have been *** dinosaur eggs are preserved in the floodplain deposits,whereas allochthonous and parautochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the alluvial *** suggests that river floodplains are the best environments for the preservation of numerous autochthonous dinosaur *** preservation of most dinosaur eggs in brown to red calcic palaeosoils,muddy siltstones or mudstones suggests that the paleoclimate of the nesting area was *** presence of gray and green mudstone and coal layers,however,indicates that there existed an ephemeral subhumid climate during the middle and Late *** is suggested that such a climate was favorable for the development of meandering streams in a vegetated environment.

关键词： Dinosaur eggs Upper Cretaceous Fluvial deposit Characteristics of taphonomy and preservation Henan Central China

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Relationship between magnetic fabric parameters and dynamic characteristics of deposits in different environments

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chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第22期43卷 1917-1921页

作者： CHEN Qingqiang 1,3 , LI Congxian\+1 and CONG Youzi\+2.1. Marine Geology Laboratory, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092. China 2. First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 2.6003, China 3. guangzhou institute of Marine Geology Laboratory Tongji University Shanghai China guangzhou institute of {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao China

Comparison of magnetic fabric parameters of deposits in different modern sedimentary environments indicates that values of \%P, F\% and \%L\% of eolian deposits are lower obviously than those of hydrogenic ones respectively. On relationship diagrams of magnetic fabric parameters, data points of eolian samples concentrated in limited area near origin of coordinates indicate that dynamic intensity is lower with less variation; while those of hydrogenic ones depart from origin of coordinates suggest higher intensity of sedimentary dynamics. Analyses of dynamic characteristics of different sedimentary environments indicate that values of magnetic fabric parameters of deposits are determined by dynamic types and characteristics of depositional processes. Magnetic fabric analyses of deposits are effective in determination of sedimentary environments.

关键词： magnetic fabric parameters sedimentary environment transporting medium.

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Upper-ocean variation in the northern South China Seafrom mooring station observations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2000年第4期19卷 25-35页

作者： Fang Wendong, Shi Ping, Mao Qingwen, Gan Zijun (South China Sea institute of Oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, {2. 510301, China) South China Sea Inst. of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

CTD temperature, salinity and ADCP current data, which were observed by R/V Shiyan No. 3 during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the South China Sea monsoon experiment (SCSMEX), have been analyzed. Some study results from observations at a mooring station located at the vicinity of continental slope off the south of Dongsha Islands are shown. The dynamic and thermody namic structures as wall as their changes are analyzed to describe the upper-ocean variation in the northern South China Sea during the summer monsoon onset and maintaining periods. The response of near surface water temperature, salinity and current to local sea surface winds is also discussed.

关键词： Northern South China Sea upper-ocean variation summer monsoo$

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MB_8^(2.) (M=Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba):Planar octacoordinate alkaline earth metal atoms enclosed by boron rings

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1737-1745,1829-1832页

作者： PU ZhiFeng1,GE MaoFa1 & LI QianShu2.1State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular sciences (BNLMS) institute of Chemistry,{2. academy of sciences,Beijing 100190,China 2.enter for Computational Quantum Chemistry,South China Normal University,guangzhou 510631,China 1. State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular sciences (BNLMS) institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China2. Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China

Complexes involving planar octacoordinate alkaline earth metal atoms in the centers of eight-membered boron rings have been investigated by two density functional theory (DFT) ***82.with D8h symmetry is predicted to be stable,both geometrically and electronically,since a good match is achieved between the size of the central beryllium atom and the eight-membered boron *** contrast,the other alkaline earth metal atoms cannot be stabilized in the center of a planar eight-membered boron ring because of their large *** following the out-of-plane imaginary vibrational frequency,pyramidal C8v MgB82.,CaB82.,SrB82.,and BaB82.structures are *** presence of delocalized π and σ valence molecular orbitals in D8h BeB82.gives rise to aromaticity,which is reflected by the value of the nucleus-independent chemical *** D8h BeB82.structure is confirmed to be the global minimum on the potential energy surface.

关键词： density functional theory octacoordinate alkaline earth metal aromatic molecular orbital

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A primary study of the correlation between the net air-sea heat flux and the interannual variation of western North Pacific tropical cyclone track and intensity

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第6期30卷 27-35页

作者： WU Liang WEN Zhiping HUANG Ronghui Center for Monsoon and Environment Research/Department of Atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

A singular value decomposition （SVD） analysis is carried out to reveal the relationship between the interannual variation of track and intensity of the western North Pacific tropical cyclones （WNPTCs） in the tropical cyclone （TC） active season （July–November） and the global net air-sea heat flux （Q net ） in the preceding season （April–June）. For this purpose, a tropical cyclone track and intensity function （TIF） is defined by a combination of accumulated cyclone energy （ACE） index and a cyclone track density function. The SVD analysis reveals that the first mode is responsible for the positive correlation between the upward heat flux in the tropical central Pacific and the increased activity of western North Pacific （WNP） TIF, the second mode for the positive correlation between the upward heat flux in the North Indian Ocean and the northeastward track shift of WNPTCs and the third mode for the negative correlation between the upward heat flux in mid-latitude central Pacific and the northwest displacement of the WNP TC-active center. This suggests that Q net anomalies in some key regions have a substantial remote impact on the WNP TC activity.

关键词： tropical cyclone western North Pacific the net air-sea heat flux (Q net ) interannual variation

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TOC changes in the process of thermal evolution of source rock and its controls

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Science China Earth sciences 2004年第Z2期47卷 141-149页

作者： ZHONG Ningning1, LU Shuangfang2. HUANG Zhilong1, ZHANG Yousheng1, XUE Haitao2.& PAN Changchun3 1. The Key Lab of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanism of State Educational Ministry at University of Petroleum, Beijing 102.49, China 2. Exploration Geoscience Department of Daqing Petroleum institute, Daqing 163000, China 3. guangzhou institute of geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 51064., China The Key Lab of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanism of State Educational Ministry at University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration Geoscience Department of Daqing Petroleum institute Daqing 163000 China guangzhou institute of {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Through geological observation, simulation in laboratory and numerical modeling, the factors that control the changes in total organic content (TOC) of source rock have been studied. When the formula DTOC=(TOC0-TOC)/TOC0 (original organic carbon content in the rock) is used to measure the TOC (total organic carbon content) changes in the source rock through geological time, the degrees and directions of such changes are determined by losses and relative amounts both of organic and inorganic matter in the source rock. The DTOC equa-tion, which is used to calculate the loss rate in the process of maturation for the source rock, is therefore obtained by analyzing the mass balance relations. For a certain type of source rock with a certain maturation history, the changes of its TOC respond only to the rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. In actual cases of geological entities, DTOC generally ranges from -0.05 to 0.2. while the calculated reconversion coefficient (k) for organic carbon content remains between 0.90 and 1.2.. Only in an ideal situation where there are extremely high rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion can the DTOC value experience significant changes, with k reaching up to 2.5. It is concluded, therefore, that the cri-terion for carbonates source rock assessment, based on reconverting the TOC to the value of its original state, may have overestimated the course of the carbon-reduction, which is likely in many cases to make a poor source rock sound better.

关键词： source rock appraisal, carbonates, low limit of organic matter abundance, rate of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, TOC value.

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A Tiny Piece of Basalt Probably from Asteroid 4 Vesta

A Tiny Piece of Basalt Probably from Asteroid 4 Vesta

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2.04学术年会

作者： LIN Yangting~(1,2. WANG Daode~2.and WANG Guiqing~2.1 institute of Geology and Geophysics,chinese {2. of sciences, Beijing 100090, 2.guangzhou institute of geochemistry,chinese {2. of sciences guangzhou,Guangdong 51064.

Grove Mountains(GRV) 99018 is a new eucrite(0.2. g),consisting mainly of pyroxene(50.5 vol%) and plagioclase(37.2.vol%) with minor silica minerals(7.0 vol%) and opaque minerals(5.2.vol%).It was intensely shocked, leading to partial melting,formation of abundant tiny inclusions in pyroxenes and plagioclase,and heavy brecciation. Exsolution of most pyroxenes(1-3μm in width of the lamellae),recrystallization of the shock-induced melt pockets and veins(5-2.μm in size),and homogeneous compositions of pyroxenes of various occurrences suggest the intense thermal metamorphism of GRV 99018 in the asteroidal body *** new eucrite will bring additional constraints on the chemical composition and multi-stage thermal and shock history of Vesta.

关键词： meteorite basalt eucrite asteroid magmatism shock metamorphism thermal history

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Studies on rickettsia-like organism (RLO) disease of tropical marine pearl oyster-Epidemiological investigation of RLO disease in juvenile populations of maricultured Pinctada maxima

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第3期22卷 421-435页

作者： Xinzhong Wu , Dengfeng Li, Jinpei Pan, Jingbo Jiang College of Animal sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 31002.,China. Email: wuxz@zju.edu.cnSouth China Sea institute of Oceanology,{2.,guangzhou 510301,ChinaSchool of Life sciences,SUN YAT-SEN University,guangzhou 5102.5,China Zhejiang Univ Coll Anim Sci Hangzhou 310029 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci S China Sea Inst Oceanol Guangzhou 510301 Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Life Sci Guangzhou 510275 Peoples R China

The death which occurred in juvenile population was a severe problem in the course ofPinctada maxima artificial culture. With the methods of field investigation, histological study and statistic analyses, the epidemiological study was carried out on the disease and death in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima in the Xinying Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingao County (for the A, B and C batches of cultured juveniles hanged in the sea) and the Xincun Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingshui County (for the D batch of cultured juvenile hanged in the pond), Hainan Province from November 1993 to April *** results show that the deaths which occurred in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima presented an outbreak pattern. The peak of mortality rates, in general, occurred in 4-to 6-month old pearl oyster juveniles, and the mortality rates gradully declined with the extention of pearl oyster age after cul-turing 8 months. The correlation between the mortality rates of juvenile populations and mean body lengths of juvenile populations show that the mortality rate become higher under 4 cm of mean body lengths of juvenile population and become obvious declined over 5 cm of mean body lengths. The peak of mortality rate occurred in 1-3 cm of mean body lengths. The results of histological observation showed that rickettsia-like organism inclusions were common, histological widespread infective agent among every batches (A, B, C and D) of cultured juvenile populations. The mean severity indices (SI) of rickettsia-like organism (RLO) infection were positively correlated with mortality rates of juvenile populations. After or within every peaks of RLO infection were all accompanied with the peaks of mortality rates of host populations and the mortality rates declined with decreased RLO infection. So the evidences of histological observation and epidemiology in this study indicated that rickettsia-like organism (RLO) may be as an important pathogenic organism of disease

关键词： Pinctada maxima rickettsia-like organism epidemiology juvenile population

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Water pricing towards sustainability of water resources: a case study in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2002年第4期14卷 518-523页

作者： LIU Shao (guangzhou Research institute of Environmental Protection, guangzhou 51062., China. ) guangzhou Heseureh institute of Environmental Protection Guangzhou 510620

The role of water pricing for managing water resources is widely recognized in many areas of the world because of the increasing scarcity of water resources, a high competition between water uses and environmental degradation. Based on the analysis of cost of water, this paper explores which types of cost should be reflected in the water pricing enhancing the sustainability of water resources. The principle of full cost pricing in which the cost should include supply cost, opportunity cost and externalities is proposed as a means to achieve the sustainability of water resources. In a case study of Beijing, low water price is analyzed as one reason for unsustainable water consumption. Thus water pricing justified is necessary and pressing. It is proposed to justify water price in phased manner and eventually towards full cost pricing. The assessment of impacts on water resources by raising water price shows water pricing could alleviate the conflict between water supply and demand. This paper concludes that water pricing can play an effective role in enhancing the sustainability of water resources in Beijing.

关键词： water resources water price cost full cost pricing sustainability Beijing

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