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A new principle of synthetic cascade utilization of chemical energy and physical energy

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Science china(Technological {1.) 2005年第2期48卷 163-179页

作者： JIN Hongguang1, HONG Hui1,2. WANG Baoqun1,2. HAN Wei1,2.& LIN Rumou1,2.1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese academy of sciences, {2. 1.0080, china 2. graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences, {2. 1.0039, china 1. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. {1. school of the Chinese {2. of sciences 100039 Beijing China

We propose a new principle of the cascade utilization of both chemical energy and physical energy in energy systems with the integration of chemical processes and thermal cycles. Particularly, a general equation of energy levels of substance, Gibbs free energy of chemical reaction and physical energy is explicitly founded. On the basis of this equation, a chemical-looping combustion and an indirect combustion are investigated. Furthermore, a mechanism of energy release, with the combination of decreasing the energy level of Gibbs free energy and upgrading the energy level of low or middle- temperature thermal energy, is clarified. The promising results obtained here establish a theoretical basis for the further investigation of multi-function systems in which energy and the environment are compatible, and create a new approach to improve the performance of traditional thermal cycles.

关键词： chemical energy, cascade utilization, exergy, energy conversion.

A subsurface runoff parameterization with water storage and recharge based on the Boussinesq-Storage Equation for a Land Surface Model

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Science china Earth {1. 2006年第6期49卷 622-631页

作者： TIAN Xiangjun1.2. XIE Zhenghui1. ZHANG Shenglei1.& LIANG Miaoling1.1. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese {1. of sciences, {2. 1.002., china 2. graduate school of the Chinese {1. of sciences, {2. 1.0039, china 1. LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. {1. school of the Chinese {2. of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Subsurface runoff in a land surface model is usually parameterized as a single-valued function of total storage in a basin aquifer reservoir. This kind of parameterization is often sin-gle-valued function of storage-discharge under a steady or “quasi-steady” state, which cannot rep-resent the influence of aquifer recharge on subsurface runoff generation. In this paper, a new sub-surface runoff parameterization with water storage and recharge based on the Boussinesq-storage equation is developed. This model is validated by a subsurface flow separation algorithm for an ex-ample river basin, which shows that the new model can simulate the subsurface flow reasonably.

关键词： Zsubsurface runoff parameterization Boussinesq-storage equation waterstorage and recharge

Preparation and characterization of a novel adsorbent for removing lipophilic organic from water

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第6期48卷 600-604页

作者： LIU Huijuan1. DAI Ruihua1. QU Jiuhui1.& RU Jia1.2.1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental {1., Chinese academy of {1., beijing 1.0085, china 2. graduate school of the Chinese academy of {1., beijing 1.0039, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 Beijing China 2. {1. school of the Chinese {2. of sciences 100039 Beijing China

A novel composite adsorbent containing a kind of lipid-triolein is studied. The ad-sorbent is prepared by embedding triolein into cellulose acetate (CA) sphere. The preparation method, the physical-chemical properties of the adsorbent and the removal efficiency of two or-ganochlorinated pesticides are studied. The adsorbent is stable in water and no triolein leaks into water for 465 h soaking. The adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for organochlorinated pes-ticides such as dieldrin and aldrin. The results suggest that triolein-containing adsorbent could serve as a good adsorbent for lipophilic organic pollutants. The adsorption rate for lipophilic pol-lutants is very fast and has relation with the logKow of the compounds.

关键词： triolein, cellulose acetate, adsorbent, lipophilic organic, drinking water.

Research on the method for retrieving soil moisture using thermal inertia model

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Science china Earth {1. 2006年第5期49卷 539-545页

作者： LIU Zhenhua1.& ZHAO Yingshi2.1. Information College, South{1. Agricultural University, Guangzhou 51.642.{1. 2. {2. University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1.0049,{1. 1. Information College South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China 2. {1. University of Chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100049 China

In order to improve accuracy of soil moisture inversion using remote sensing, a new thermal inertia model is proposed in this paper. The improved model needs only surface maximum temperature as the temperature parameter input instead of input of the surface temperature difference, as well as the surface sensible and latent fluxes are introduced into boundary conditions of thermal conductivity equation. Furthermore, surface soil conductive heat transfer equation of two-layer model is used to solve the soil thermal inertia so that the remote sensing thermal inertia method can be ap- plied to regions with better-covered vegetation, but usually only for the bare areas or worse vegetation covered areas. The model has been tested at several locations in the area of west Inner Mongolia. Comparing the simulation of the new model with the measurements obtained by apparent thermal inertia and by field test, the result shows that the inertia thermal model can be used to estimate soil moisture in more reasonable accuracy.

关键词： thermal model, thermal conductivity equation, soil initial, sensible flux, latent flux, two-layer model.

Estimation on dynamic release of phosphorus from wind-induced suspended particulate matter in Lake Taihu

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Science china Earth {1. 2004年第8期47卷 710-719页

作者： FAN Chengxin1, ZHANG Lu1,2. QIN Boqiang1, WANG Sumin1, HU Weiping1 & ZHANG Chen1 1. Taihu Lake Laboratory for Ecosystem Research, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 2.2.8, china 2. graduate school of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing {2.39, china 1. Taihu Lake Laboratory for Ecosystem Research Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing China 2. {1. school of Chinese {2. of sciences 100039 Beijing China

Through man-made disturbance experiments, the corresponding relationships be-tween suspended particulate matter (SPM) and wind speed in different lake areas were simu-lated, the physicochemical formal transformation and biological mineralizing and decaying processes of phosphorus in SPM were studied, the contribution of phosphorus transformation to phosphorus loading of the water of Lake Taihu was quantitatively estimated. The results show that about 0.44 t·a-1.loading in Lake Taihu mainly comes from phosphorus-releasing action of SPM in physicochemical transformed to soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and the contribution mainly from biological mineralizing and decaying was about 42..8 t·a-1. which is equal to 1..0% of the total external loading of Lake Taihu, namely 4.7—7.5 times as much as SRP loading en-tering the lake by the rivers; thus it is the important source in dynamical internal loading of the lake. The determining factors for dynamical internal loading in lakes are organic phosphorus content in suspended solid and its biological transition availability.

关键词： phosphorus release,wind wave disturbance,particulate decaying,dynamical loading,Lake Taihu.

Wet-chemical synthesis and characteristics of Au nanoshell

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 431-435页

作者： LIU Zhongxin1,2. SONG Hongwei1, YU Lixin1,2. YANG Linmei1,2.& PAN Guohui1,2.1. Key Laboratory of Excited State Physics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese academy of sciences, Changchun {2.33, china 2. graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences, beijing {2.39, china 1. Key Laboratory of Excited State Physics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 130033 Changchun China 2. {1. school of the Chinese {2. of sciences 100039 Beijing China

Gold nanoshells were prepared by an easy wet-chemical method, with Ag nanoparticles used as the templates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the shells were sphere in shape, the size was homogenous, being about 2. nm, and no hard ag-glomerates were observed. The plasma resonance absorption of gold was tuned from visible to near-infrared (NIR) with the increased volume of HAuCl4. The temperature grads (?T) of the gold nanoshell hydrosol under the exposure of an 808-nm optical fiber laser with different power den-sities were measured. The highest ?T was 30℃ (5 W/cm2. irradiation area was 2.cm2.. This kind of gold nanoshell hydrosol is a promising material to be used in biomedicine such as photo-thermal cancer therapy, and its special photothermal convert property will photothermally trigger drug release.

关键词： wet-chemical synthesis, Au, nanoshell, NIR absorption, photothermal conversion.

Cloning and characterization of interferon stimulated genes Viperin and ISG1.,and their promoters from snakehead Channa argus

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1425-1435页

作者： Jia Weizhang1,2. Zhou Xiuxia1,2. Huang Rong1,2.and Guo Qionglin1(1. Institute of Hydrobiololgy, Chinese academy of sciences, Wuhan 430072.{2. 2. graduate University of Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1.0039,{2.) Institute of Hydrobiololgy Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China graduate University of Chinese {1. of {2. Beijing 100039 China

By suppression subtractive hybridization, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and gene walking methods, interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), Viperin and ISG1., and their promoters have been cloned and characterized from snakehead Channa argus. The Viperin cDNA was found to be 1.74 nt and contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1.59 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 352.amino acid (aa). The putative peptide of Viperin shows high identity to that in teleosts and mammals except for the N-terminal 70 aa. The ISG1. cDNA was found to be 758 nt and contain an ORF of 468 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 1.5 aa. The putative peptide of ISG1. is composed of two tandem repeats of ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains, and a canonical conjugation motif (LRGG) at C-terminal. Viperin and ISG1. promoter regions were characterized by the presence of interferon stimulating response elements (ISRE) and γ-IFN activation sites (GAS). ISRE is a feature of IFN-induced gene promoter and partially overlaps interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1.and IRF2.recognition sites. GAS is responsible for the γ-IFN mediated transcription. One conserved site for NF-κB was found in the promoter region of Viperin. This is the first report of conservative binding motif for NF-κB in accordance with the consensus sequence (GGGRNNYYCC) among teleost ISG promoters. Moreover, there were also TATA, CAAT and Sp1.transcription factor sites in Viperin and ISG1. promoters. In 5′ untranslated region (UTR), snakehead ISG1. gene contains a single intron, which differs from Viperin gene. The transcripts of Vipeirn and ISG1. mRNA were mainly expressed in head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen and gill. The expression levels in liver were found to increase obviously in response to induction by IFN-inducer poly I∶C.

关键词： interferon interferon stimulated gene (ISG) Viperin ISG1. snakehead (Channa argus).

Improvement of different source function expressions in SWAN model for the Bohai Sea

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 720-724页

作者： YIN Baoshu1*, YANG Dezhou1, SHA Rina 1,2.and CHENG Minghua1(1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 2.6071,{2. 2. graduate school of the Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1.0039,{2.) Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China. graduate {1. of the Chinese {2. of sciences Beijing 100039 China

The simulating wave nearshore （SWAN） wave model has been widely used in coastal areas, lakes and estuaries. However, we found a poor agreement between modeling results and measurements in analyzing the chosen four typical cases when we used the default parameters of the source function formulas of the SWAN to make wave simulation for the Bohai Sea. Also, it was found that at the same wind process the simulated results of two wind generation expressions （Komen, Janssen） demonstrated a large difference. Further study showed that the proportionality coefficient α in linear growth term of wave growth source function plays an unperceived role in the process of wave development. Based on experiments and analysis, we thought that the coefficient α should change rather than be a constant. Therefore, the coefficient α changing with the variation of friction velocity U*was introduced into the linear growth term of wave growth source function. Four weather processes were adopted to validate the improvement in the linear growth term. The results from the improved coefficient α agree much better with the measurements than those from the default constant coefficient α. Furthermore, the large differences of results between Komen wind generation expression and Janssen wind generation expression were eliminated. We also experimented with the four weather processes to test the new white-capping mechanisms based on the cumulative steepness method. It was found that the parameters of the new white-capping mechanisms are not suitable for the Bohai Sea, but Alkyon's white-capping mechanisms can be applicable to the Bohai Sea after amendments, demonstrating that this improvement of parameter α can improve the simulated results of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： waves SWAN model wave growth source function new proportionality coefficient formula.

Assessing the Carrying Capacity of Tourist Resorts: An Application of Tourists’ Spatial Behavior Simulator Based on GIS and Multi-Agent System

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2005年第4期10卷 779-784页

作者： ZHANG Ren-jun 1,2.1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese academy of sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,{2. 2. graduated school of the Chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1.0039,{2. Chinese academy of {1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chengdu Sichuan China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***) graduated {1. of the Chinese {2. of sciences Beijing China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***)

Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.

关键词： tourist resort carrying capacity TSBS GIS Multi-Agent simulator