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Propagation characteristics of converted refracted wave and its application in static correction of converted wave

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 226-232页

作者： LIU Yang1,2.& WEI XiuCheng3 1 State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2.CNPC geophysical Exploration key laboratory,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 3 Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr CNPC Geophys Explorat Key Lab Beijing 102249 Peoples R China SINOPEC Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave.

关键词： PPS converted refracted wave converted wave static correction

Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2,3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 key lab of geophysical Exploration of CNPC,china petroleum university,beijing 102.49,china 2 Basin & Reservoir Research Center,china petroleum university,beijing 102.49,china 3 State key laboratory of petroleum Resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 4 Research Center of CNOOC,beijing 100027,china 1. key lab of {2. Exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 3. State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. Basin & Reservoir Research Center China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 4. Research Center of CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

Characteristics of fluid substitution in porous rocks

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 139-145页

作者： Li Shengjie School of Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC {2. Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Analysis of the effect of changes in fluid properties of rocks on the compressional-wave velocity VP and shear-wave velocity Vs is very important for understanding the rock physical properties, especially in oilfield exploration and development. The fluid substitution process was analyzed by using ultrasonic measurement and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the effect of fluid substitution on the rock elastic modulus was mainly controlled by fluid properties, saturation, and confining pressure. For a rock with specific properties and porosity, the result of theoretical prediction for fluid substitution accorded with the experimental result under high confining pressure （higher than 60 MPa for our experimental data）, but failed to describe the trend of experimental result under low confining pressure and VP predicted by Gassmann＇s equation was higher than that measured by experiment. A higher porosity resulted in stronger sensitivity of the bulk modulus of saturated rocks to the change of fluid properties.

关键词： Fluid substitution velocity bulk modulus porosity saturation

Wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and their effects on seismic imaging

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petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 308-313页

作者： Di Bangrang Xu Xiucang Wei Jianxin key laboratory of CNPC {2. Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Earth {2. and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Acquisition footprint is a new concept to describe the seismic noise in three-dimensional seismic exploration and it is closely related to geometry and observation shuttering. At present, the study on acquisition footprints has become a hot spot. In partnership with the Dagang Oilfield, we used the channel sand body seismic physical model to study the characteristics of wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and analyzed and compared the two types of footprints and their effects on target imaging. In addition, the footprints caused by data processing of the normal moveout offset （NMO） stretching aberration were discussed. These footprints are located only in the shallow or middle layer in the time slice, and possibly affect the imaging of shallow target layers, and have no influence on deep target imaging. Seismic physical modeling has its advantages in the study of acquisition footprints.

关键词： Wide/narrow azimuth geometry acquisition footprint stretching aberration time slice seismic imaging

Wave coupling between the Tianshan orogen and the deformations in its south and north foreland basins in Cenozoic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 61-69页

作者： CHEN ShuPing1,2.TANG LiangJie & YU YiXin1,2.1 State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2.Department of Geoscience,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr Dept Geosci Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

Attention has been paid to the deformations in the south and north foreland basins of the Tianshan Mountains and their relations to the tectonic movements of the mountains. Based on the seismic data interpretation and field work,the tectonic features,tectonic styles,controlling factors of deformation,deformation time,and their relationships in the three tectonic units were comparably studied. The Ce-nozoic deformations in the two foreland basins were characterized by zonation from south to north,segmentation from west to east,and layering from deep to shallow. The tectonic styles are compres-sive ones,including both basement-involved and cover-detaching. The two foreland basins underwent several times of deformation in Cenozoic and the deformations were transmitted from the Tianshan orogen to the inner basin. The deformation dynamics of the south and north foreland basins of the Tianshan Mountains can be represented by dynamics of orogenic wedges. In terms of the deformations of the wedges with wave-like features,the concept of a wave orogenic wedge was put forward,and a double wave orogenic wedge model was established.

关键词： Tianshan orogen basin-mountain coupling tectonics wave orogenic wedge

Numerical experiments for the conductive properties of saturated rock

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 174-180页

作者： YUE WenZheng & TAO Guo State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

The reservoir evaluation as a key technology in oil exploration and production is based on the electrical transport property (ETP) of saturated rock that is described in a mathematical form with Arhcie’s equa-tion. But there have been increasing cases observed in many researches indicating that the ETP is non-Archie especially for the complex reservoir with low porosity and permeability. In this paper,the numerical experiments based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been employed to study the effect of porous structure and fluids on the ETP for revealing the nature of non-Archie phenomenon in micro-scale. The results of numerical experiments have proved that the saturation exponent n is a function of water saturation and porosity instead of being a constant in Archie’s equation. And then,a new formula has been developed for the EPT through combining the result of numerical simulation with that of laboratory measurements. The calculations from the new formula show very good agreement with laboratory measurements to demonstrate the efficiency of the new formula over the conventional methods in non-Archie rock.

关键词： electrical transport property non-Archie phenomenon fluid saturation porous media Lattice Boltzmann method

Advanced fluid-typing methods for NMR logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 163-169页

作者： Xie Ranhong Xiao Lizhi State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Earth {2. and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In recent years, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） has been increasingly used for fluid- typing in well-logging because of the improved generations of NMR logging tools. This paper first discusses the applicable conditions of two one-dimensional NMR methods： the dual TW method and dual TE method. Then, the two-dimensional （T2. D） and （T2. T1） NMR methods are introduced. These different typing methods for hydrocarbon are compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that the dual TW method is not suitable for identifying a macroporous water layer. The dual TE method is not suitable for typing gas and irreducible water. （T2. T1） method is more effective in typing a gas layer. In an oil-bearing layer of movable water containing big pores, （T2. T1） method can solve the misinterpretation problem in the dual TWmethod between a water layer with big pores and an oil layer. The （T2. T1） method can distinguish irreducible water from oil of a medium viscosity, and the viscosity range of oil becomes wide in contrast with that of the dual TW method. The （T2. D） method is more effective in typing oil and water layers. In a gas layer, when the SNR is higher than a threshold, the （T2. D） method can resolve the overlapping T2.signals of irreducible water and gas that occurs due to the use of the dual TE method. Twodimensional NMR for fluid-typing is an important development of well logging technology.

关键词： NMR logging one-dimensional NMR two-dimensional NMR reservoir evaluation fluidtyping

Experimental study of gas-water elongated bubble flow during production logging

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 157-162页

作者： Lu Jing Wu Xiling key laboratory of Earth {2. and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In order to improve the interpretation of production log data on gas-water elongated bubble （EB） flow in horizontal wells, a multi-phase flow simulation device was set up to conduct a series of measurement experiments using air and tap water as test media, which were measured using a real production logging tool （PLT） string at different deviations and in different mixed flow states. By understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of gas-water EB flow in transparent experimental boreholes during production logging, combined with an analysis of the production log response characteristics and experimental production logging flow pattern maps, a method for flow pattern identification relying on log responses and a drift-flux model were proposed for gas-water EB flow. This model, built upon experimental data of EB flow, reveals physical mechanisms of gas-water EB flow during measurement processing. The coefficients it contains are the specific values under experimental conditions and with the PLT string used in our experiments. These coefficients also reveal the interference with original downhole flow patterns by the PLT string. Due to the representativeness that our simulated flow experiments and PLT string possess, the model coefficients can be applied as empirical values of logging interpretation model parameters directly to real production logging data interpretation, when the measurement circumstances and PLT strings are similar.

关键词： Horizontal wells elongated bubble flow flow patterns identification drift-flux model,logging interpretation model

Enhancing the resolution of seismic data based on the generalized S-transform

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 153-157页

作者： Tian Jianhua Song Wei Yang Feizhou State key laboratory of {2. Resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC {2. prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In this paper, we analyze the seismic signal in the time-frequency domain using the generalized S-transform combined with spectrum modeling. Without assuming that the reflection coefficients are random white noise as in the conventional resolution-enhanced techniques, the wavelet which changes with time and frequency was simulated and eliminated. After using the inverse S-transform for the processed instantaneous spectrum, the signal in the time domain was obtained again with a more balanced spectrum and broader frequency band. The quality of seismic data was improved without additional noise.

关键词： Time-frequency domain generalized S-transform spectrum modeling instantaneous spectrum balanced spectrum