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Retrieving crop leaf area index by assimilation of MODIS data into a crop growth model

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 721-730页

作者： WANG DongWei1,2.3, WANG JinDi1,2.& LIANG ShunLin4.1 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing normal university and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, CAS, Beijing 100875, China 2.School of {2., Beijing Key Laboratory of environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City, Beijing normal university, Beijing 100875, China 3 Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission, Tianjin 300170, China 4.Department of {2., university of Maryland, college Park, MD 2.74.0} USA 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications CAS Beijing 100875 China2. School of Geography Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China3. Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission Tianjin 300170 China4. Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter in monitoring crop growth. One of the methods for retrieving LAI from remotely sensed observations is through inversion of canopy reflectance models. Many model inversion methods fail to account for variable LAI values at different crop growth stages. In this research, we use the crop growth model to describe the LAI changes with crop growth, and consider a priori LAI values at different crop growth stages as constraint information. The key approach of this research is to assimilate multiple canopy reflectance values observed at different growth stages and a priori LAI values into a coupled crop growth and radiative transfer model sequentially using a variational data assimilation algorithm. Adjoint method is used to minimize the cost function. Any other information source can be easily incorporated into the inversion cost function. The validation results show that the time series of MODIS canopy reflectance can greatly reduce the uncertainty of the inverted LAI values. Compared with MODIS LAI product at Changping and Shunyi Counties of Beijing, this method has significantly improved the estimated LAI temporal profile.

关键词： inversion leaf area index crop growth model time series MODIS

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Multiple Effects of Energy Issues and Countermeasures: A Case of Shandong Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2008年第4期6卷 88-94页

作者： Wang Chengxin1,2., Wang Gefang3 , Yao Shimou4.1. college of Population, Resources and environment, Shandong {2. {4., Jinan Shandong 2.0014. China 2. Research Center of Cycle Economy of Shandong Province, Jinan Shandong 2.0001, China 3. Party School of the Shandong Committee of CPC, Jinan Shandong 2.002., China 4. Nanjing Institute of {4. and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Jiangsu 2.0008, China college of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Research Center of Cycle Economy of Shandong Province Party School of the Shandong Committee of CPC Nanjing Institute of geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Energy is now becoming the bottleneck of urban and regional development. The paper takes Shandong Province, one of the most energy consuming provinces in China, as an example, uses quantity methods such as SPSS (Stastics Package for Social Science) cluster sampling and regression analysis, and applies quantity analysis, to analyze the situation of energy issues in Shandong province. The conflicts between the quick industrialization and increasing extensive economic development, between urban population and energy consuming per head, between the infinite energy consuming desire and the low level of managing system, and between the unstable world energy supply and the limited energy storage in China are the main factors of energy crisis in Shandong, which not only results in energy shortage, but also becomes the barrier of economic and social development. In order to ensure sufficient energy supply for Shandong province in the 2.st century, we should take countermeasures, such as changing the economic development model, pursuing a multiple and high quality energy strategy, improving the intensive urbanization strategy, and building a scientific energy system.

关键词： energy effects countermeasure Shandong Province

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Study Progress and Trends of Strategic environmental Assessment in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2009年第2期7卷 76-82页

作者： Cai Chunmiao1,2. 3, Shang Jincheng4.1. Northeast Institute of geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130012. China 2. Department of geography, Harbin {2., Harbin Heilongjiang 150086, China 3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 4. college of Urban and {4.al Science, Northeast normal {2., Changchun Jilin 13002., China Northeast Institute of geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130012 China Department of geography Harbin University Harbin Heilongjiang 150086 China Graduate School of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China college of Urban and environmental Science Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in China has developed rapidly since it was introduced into China in the 1990s. Chinese government promulgated the environmental Impact Assessment Law of China (hereinafter referred to as the EIA Law) in 2.02. In this law, it is stipulated clearly that regional and sector plans should be assessed. Through investigating materials and analyzing literatures, this article analyses the practical and academic study achievements of SEA in China that have been achieved since the EIA Law was implemented, probes into the current situation of the main level of SEA in China-plan EIA, then summarizes the development characteristics, and eventually, puts forward the development trends of SEA in China. The research conclusions can offer the foundations for comprehending systematically the progress of SEA in China.

关键词： strategic environmental assessment plan environmental impact assessment China study progress characteristics development trends

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Land Use of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Effect on Its Landscape Pattern in the Recent 50 Years

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 910-914页

作者： HUANG Zhiqin 1,2.3 , ZHOU Wancun 1 ,ZHOU Jieming 4., ZHU Mingcang 3,5 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 61004., Sichuan, China 2. Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10004., China 3. Sichuan Institute of Land Resource Management, Chengdu 61004., Sichuan , China 4. Department of Resources and environment Science, Sichuan normal university , Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, China 5. college of Information Engineering, Chengdu university of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China Institute of Mountain Hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Sichuan Institute of Land Resource Management Chengdu Sichuan China Department of Resources and environment Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichuan China college of Information Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan China

The paper makes detailed analysis on the changing processes of the main types of land use in Three Gorges Reservoir Area through the techniques of RS （Remote Sense） and GIS （geography Information System）. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, many types of landscape pattern indexes are calculated and made correlation analysis. The results indicate that： in 1995 the ecological environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area was the most vulnerable in the recent 50 years, but resumed in 2.02. the landscape pattern diversity index, fractal dimension index and fragmentation index has close correlation with the area of land use/cover change （LUCC）. The research also releases that the increase of the cultivated land, grassland and construction land deteriorates the landscape ecological pattern, while the increase of forest land area will help restore the landscape ecological pattern to its original state. The rapid change of grassland is an important index of the change of landscape pattern, because it has the most effect on change of landscape pattern index.

关键词： the Three Gorges Reservoir Area land use/cover change landscape pattern.

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Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14.million years ago

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 822-833页

作者： LU Huayu1, WANG Xiaoyong1, AN Zhisheng1, MIAO Xiaodong1, ZHU Rixiang3, MA Haizhou2. LI Zhen4. TAN Hongbing2.& WANG Xianyan1 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075 China 2. Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xining 810008, China 3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., China 4. Department of geography, Qinghai {2. university, Xining 810008, China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Earth Environm State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol Xian 710075 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Qinghai Inst Salt Lakes Xining 810008 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Qinghai normal Univ Dept Geog Xining 810008 Peoples R China

A typical sequence of fluvial terraces and aeolian deposits overlying these ter- races were multidisciplinary investigated. New evidences for uplift process of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the past 14.million years were obtained. At least 11 river terraces along Huangshui, the first-class tributary of Yellow River, at the Xining-Huzhu region are identi- fied. While the first one (T1) is classified as an accumulation terrace, the others are all basement river terraces, which consist of the Tertiary sandstone and siltstone bedrock, fluvial gravel and pebbles and the overlying aeolian loess-Red Clay deposit. Samples from the aeolian deposits were examined for paleomagnetic stratigraphic reconstruction (1030 samples), luminescence dating (16 samples), magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution (more than 4.00 sam- ples). The luminescence dating and stratigraphic correlation suggest that terraces of Tll, T10, T8, T7, T3, T2. T1 were formed at 14. 11.3, 1.55, 1.2. 0.15, 0.07 and 0.01 million years ago, re- spectively. Sedimentological analysis and geomorphological observation indicate that formation and evolution of these terraces were mainly driven by tectonic uplift. Therefore, the terrace se- quence provides an ideal geological record, of the uplift process of the northeastern during the past 14.million years, and the timings of the terraces formation are regarded as the timings of tectonic uplift. The significant uplifting events took place at 14. 11.3, 1.2.and 0.15 mil- lion years ago, respectively. The fluvial incision at the Xining-Huzhu region is less than 100 m during a period of ~12.million years in the Miocene era (between the Tll and T9), while the Huangshui River had incised 4.2.m during the past 1.2.million years (from T7 to the present floodplain). The river incision process clearly demonstrates that accelerated rising of the north- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic, and provides new evidence of previous thoughts

关键词： river terrace, tectonic uplift, loess-Red Clay, the past 14 million years, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Climate instability in the Yili region, Xinjiang during the last glaciation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第17期45卷 1604-1609页

作者： YE Wei, DONG Guangrong, YUAN Yujiang & MA Yingjie1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 2. Department of geography, Zhejiang {2. {4., Jinhua 32.004. China 3. Institute of Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 4. Xinjiang Institute of Meteorological Research, Urumqi 8{4. China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China Department of geography Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua China Institute of Desert Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Xinjiang Institute of Meteorological Research Urumqi China

The climate is influenced by westerlies year in year out and the aeolian loess is widespread in the Yili region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Through the study of the loess section with a thickness of 2..5 m, much useful information about climatic change in this region during the last glaciation was gotten. Grain size analysis of loess samples in the section showed that the climatic change in the Yili region was of instability during the last glaciation and similar to those of the North Atlantic Ocean and Greenland. In correspondence with the Heinrich events, the percentage of the size fraction of loess with grain size less than 10 μm decreased in cold stadials in the Yili region. This result suggests that the westerly wind be strengthened during the cold periods. Compared with the stadials, the content of the loess with grain size less than 10 μm was increased in interstadials, which indicated that the strength of the westerly wind was weakened. It is obvious that the climate was instable

关键词： Yili region last glaciation climate instability.

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High resolution stalagmite δ18O records over the past 1000 years from Dongge Cave in Guizhou

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Science Bulletin 2005年第10期50卷 1003-1008页

作者： HE Yaoqi1, WANG Yongjin1, KONG Xinggong1 & CHENG Hai2. 1. college of geography Science, Nanjing {2. {4., Nanjing 2.0097, China 2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Minnesota {4., Mineapolis MN 554.5, USA college of geography Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210097 China

Based on MC-ICP-MS U-series dating and stable O-isotope analysis results, a 4.5 years resolution monsoon record over the past 1000 years has been estab- lished for two stalagmites from Dongge Cave, Guizhou. The high resolution oxygen isotope record serves as a proxy for variations in rainfall of Asian southwest monsoon over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. A close relation of the δ 18O record with the ?14. record from tree rings largely reflects impact of centennial-scale solar activity on the monsoon climate changes. The conspicuous decrease in the δ 18O value at AD 172. indicates an abrupt increase in monsoon rainfall, sug- gesting that an atmospheric-oceanic couple over the tropical Indian Ocean plays an important role in rapid increase of the Northern Hemisphere temperature over the last century.

关键词： cave stalagmite oxygen isotope southwest monsoon solar activity Guizhou.

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Study on sea water intrusion into palaeochannels on south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay by the Bohai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第1期22卷 69-74页

作者： Han Mei geography Department, Shandong normal {2., Jinan 2.0014. China Shandong normal Univ Dept Geog Jinan 250014 Peoples R China

The palaeochannel evolution in the study region is divided into four stages by such methods as 14. dating. Sea water intrusion through palaeochannels has been studied as a focal point. Palaeochannels are the main passageways through which the sea water intrudes at a higher speed, through many means and in a changeable dynamic state.

关键词： Palaeochannel sea water intrusion south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay

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Entropy product measure for multipartite pure states

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第5期49卷 606-615页

作者： CAO Wancang1,2. LIU Dan2. PAN Feng3 & LONG Guilu2.4.1. Department of Physics, Chifeng college, Chifeng 02.001, China 2. Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Measurements, Department of Physics, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084. China 3. Department of Physics, Liaoning {2. university, Dalian 11602., China 4. Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nano-Sciences, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084. China Correspondence should be addressed to Long Guilu Department of Physics Chifeng College Chifeng 024001 China Key Laboratory for Quantum Information Measurements Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics Liaoning Normal University Dalian 116029 China Key Laboratory for Atomic Molecular Nano-Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

An entanglement measure for multipartite pure states is formulated using the product of the von Neumann entropy of the reduced density matrices of the constituents. Based on this new measure, all possible ways of the maximal entanglement of the triqubit pure states are studied in detail and all types of the maximal entanglement have been compared with the result of ‘the average entropy’. The new measure can be used to calculate the degree of entanglement, and an improvement is given in the area near the zero entropy.

关键词： multipartite pure state von Neumann entropy entanglement measure

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Alterations in DNA methylation and genome structure in two rice mutant lines induced by high pressure

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第2期49卷 97-104页

作者： SHEN Sile1,3, WANG Zhenwei3, SHAN Xiaohui2. WANG Hua3, LI Ling3, LIN Xuyun2. LONG Likun2. WENG Kenan4. LIU Bao2.& ZOU Guangtian1 1. National Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin {4., Changchun 130012. China 2. Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast normal {4., Changchun 13002., China 3. college of Life Science, Jilin {4., Changchun 130012. China 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 51064., China 1. National Laboratory of Superhard Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 China 3. college of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 China 2. Institute of Genetics and Cytology Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

By using high-pressure treatment, two mutant lines were obtained from agenetically stable japonica rice cultivar Bijing38. Genomic DNA of the mutant lines, together withthe original line (Bijing38), was either undigested or digested by Hpa ⅡIMspⅠ, and then subjectedto molecular analysis using two markers, ISSR and RAPD. Results indicated that changes in the PCRamplification profiles of both markers are apparent in the two mutant lines compared with theoriginal rice cultivar, suggesting that there had been both sequence changes and DNA methylationmodifications in the mutant lines. Southern blot analysis using diverse sequences, including twocellular genes (S2.and S3), a set of retrotransposons (Osr7, Osr36, Tos19 and more), and a MITEtransposon family (mPing and Pong), confirmed the results, and indicated that changes in DNAmethylation pattern, genomic structure, and possible activation of some transposons indeed occurredin the mutant lines. Moreover, these changes are stably maintained through selfed generations and indifferent organs. Thus, our results indicate that it is possible to obtain stable mutants in riceby high pressure treatments, and the molecular basis of the mutants may include both genetic andepigenetic changes. Therefore, high hydrostatic pressure seems a promising approach for plantmutagenesis.

关键词： DNA methylation, genomic changes, high pressure, mutagenesis, rice.

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