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Magnetic mineralogy of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit: Implications for ore genesis

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1192-1198页

作者： Xi Aihua1,2. Ge Yuhui1, Cai Yuanfeng2.and Zhang Xuefeng3(1. faculty of resources & Environment, Southwest {2. university, Chengdu 610500, china 2. State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, china 3. Department of natural resources & technology information, china{12., Beijing 1.2.49, china) faculty of resources & Environment Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of natural resources & {2. information China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Pyrrhotite is one of the common ore minerals in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, but only monoclinic pyrrhotite is ferromagnetic at room temperature. X-ray and EPA analyses reveal that most pyrrhotite forming sideronitic texture in the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is monoclinic, but that in the massive ore is a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites. Differential thermal and magnetic- thermogravimetric analyses of massive ore indicate a magnetic transition and heat absorption at 32.℃, suggesting that this temperature is the thermomagnetic and phase transition point of pyrrhotite. For massive pyrrhotite ores heated at 400oC for 30 h and then quenched by cool water, the monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) transforms completely into the hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo). However, all the pyrrhotites resulting from slow cooling of the sample in air are mpo. These results indicate that transformation between hpo and mpo depends upon the cooling rate. Therefore, massive ores in this deposit might have been formed via rapid cooling of ore melts. On the other hand, it is significant to study the effect of the ratio of the magnetite in total ores on the genesis of magmatic Cu-Ni suphide deposits.

关键词： pyrrhotite magnetite genesis of Cu-Ni sulphide deposit Hongqiling.

Distribution,formation and evolution of sand ridges on the East china Sea shelf

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 822-828页

作者： ZHAO RenBao 1,2.SUN HaiTao 3,WU YaSheng 3 &ZHAO ChuanFeng 1,2.1MOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering,china{2.,Beijing 1.2.49,china 2.Enhanced Oil Recovering Research Center,china{2.,Beijing 1.2.49,china 3faculty of natural Resource&information {12.,china{2.,Beijing 1.2.49,china 1. MOE Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. Enhanced Oil Recovering Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China3. Faculty of Natural Resource & Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Influence of CO2.corrosion on reservoir mineralogical composition,pore structure and their mechanical characteristics was studied using XRD,SEM,rock tri-axial machine and core flow experimental *** was found that the corrosion effect was mainly attributed to rock texture and structure,fluid composition and external dynamical conditions in the experimental *** cores with bedding structures,their bedding surfaces were the preferential corrosion regions,because micro-cracks would evolve at these surfaces in the pressure-releasing ***,for cores with massive structures controlled by stable water environment,the CO2.corrosion would result in pore enlargement and secondary pore *** gas velocity from outlet showed sharp increase in the injection process of CO2.H2. *** could be explained by two changes caused by *** was the opening and closure of *** other was particle *** the corrosion time increased,both tensile strength and compressive strength decreased,which confirmed decrease of cementation *** should also be noted that permeability increase and micro-cracks generation would pose damage to the capacity of CO2.geological storage.

关键词： carbon dioxide geological storage mineralization enhanced oil recovery corrosion

Distribution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs of Beidagang structural belt in the Huanghua depression

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Mining Science and technology 2010年第1期20卷 115-120页

作者： SU Nina, JIN Zhenkui, SONG Fan faculty of natural Resource and {2. technology, china university of petroleum, Beijing 1.2.49, china [a] faculty of natural Resource information technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The distribution and genesis of secondary pores in Paleogene clastic reservoirs of Beidagang structural belt in the Huanghua depression have been systematically studied. We investigated sedimentary facies and carried out a comprehensive analy-sis of the vast amount of data from casting thin sections, scanning electron microscope and physical data. Then we analyzed the pore types, pore evolution, distribution and genesis of secondary pores in our study area and discussed the factors controlling the distribution of secondary pores. The results show that pores in the study area are largely composed of intergranular dissolution pores and constituent dissolved pores. Three secondary pore zones were developed in the study area at depths of 2.00~3400 m, 3600~42.0 m and 4500~4800 m. Secondary pores have been formed mainly because carbonate cement, feldspar, clastic debris and other plastic substances were dissolved by organic acid, released during the evolution of organic matter and acid water formed by CO2. The development and distribution of secondary pores are vertically controlled by the maturity time of source rocks and hori-zontally by the distribution of acid water. As well, this distribution was affected by the sedimentary facies belt and the development of fault zones.

关键词： Huanghua depression Beidagang structural belt Paleogene clastic reservoirs secondary pores controlling factor

Influence of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in Tarim Basin by faulting

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 53-60页

作者： L XiuXiang1,2.YANG Ning1,2.ZHOU XinYuan3,YANG HaiJun3 & LI JianJiao1,2.1 faculty of natural Resource & {2. technology,china university of petroleum,Beijing 1.2.49,china 2.State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,Beijing 1.2.49,china 3 Tarim Oilfield,Petrochina,Korla 841000,china china Univ Petr Fac Nat Resource & Informat Technol Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Korla 841000 Peoples R China

The quality of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin is closely related to the development of secondary pores,fractures and cavities. Karstification is important in improving the properties of reservoir beds,and karstification related to unconformity has caught wide attention. Compared with the recent research on the unconformity karst reservoir bed improvement,this paper shows a new way of carbonate reservoir bed transformation. Based on field survey,core and slices observation,transformation of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds by faulting can be classified into three types: (1) Secondary faults and fracturs generated by faulting improved carbonate reservoir bed properties,which were named the Lunnan or Tazhong82.model; (2. upflow of deep geothermal fluids caused by faulting,with some components metasomatizing with carbonate and forming some secon-dary deposit,such as fluorite. It can improve carbonate reservoir bed properties obviously and is named the Tazhong 82.model; and (3) the faulting extending up to the surface increased the depth of supergene karstification and the thickness of reservoir bed. It is named the Hetianhe model. Trans-formation effect of carbonate reservoir beds by faulting was very significant,mainly distributed on the slopes or on the edge or plunging end of the uplift.

关键词： carbonate faulting reservoir transformation Ordovician Tarim Basin

Transport network and flow mechanism of shallow ore-bearing magma in Tongling ore cluster area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 397-407页

作者： DENG Jun1,2. WANG Qingfei1,2., HUANG Dinghua3 , WAN Li4, YANG Liqiang1,2.& GAO Bangfei1,2.1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources, china {2. of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing technology of Ministry of Education, china {2. of Geo- sciences, Beijing 100083, china 3. faculty of Earth Sciences, china {2. of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 4. School of Mathematics and {12. Science, Guangzhou {2., Guangzhou 510405, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 2. Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing technology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. School of Mathematics and information Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510405 China

Abundant studies revealed that shallow intrusions of the Yanshanian epoch resulted in the mass mineralization of the Tongling region. Various evidences showed there existed a concealed magma chamber at ?10 km depth in the middle part of this region during Yanshanian epoch, from which the ore-forming magma was generated and then transported to the superficial layer. Yet the transport network and flow mechanism of the shallow ore-bearing magma, the key problem associ- ated with ore-forming process, was relatively little focused on. Integrate analysis of structural me- chanics, statistical fractal and geological facts suggested that NE trending high-angle fold-related thrust faults and the tessellated basement ones served as the main pathways for the shallow magma’s transporting, moreover, the saddle void spaces among adjacent strata in the folds upon this fault system provided the place for magma’s emplacement. So the folds in the upper part and faults in the lower part of the upper crust constituted the fluid’s transport and emplacement network. During the deformation of geologic body with multi-layer structure, the layers in the upper part tended to fold when received the jacking stress from the lower part, while the lower one inclined to fault undergoing loads of the upper part. And the producing probability of this structure assemblage was highly in- creased in the condition, such as in the Tongling area, that the mechanic rigidity of the lower layers was stronger than that of the upper ones. For the pre-existence of fluid-conducting network, the top magma with high volatile in the magma chamber transported rapidly to the superficial layer in dyking pattern, located in the void spaces of folds, filled and reconstructed them. The sudden drop of pres- sure caused the fluid unmixing from the magma and mass ore-forming elements concentration. Pulse activity of the dyking may be the principal reason why magmatic bodies in the Tongling area were spatially-temporally con

关键词： Tongling, structural network, magma intrusion, fractal, dyke.

Layer structure,petroleum accumulation system and characteristic of subtle reservoir of continental basins in eastern china:Taking Jiyang depression for example

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 146-155页

作者： XU HuaiMin1,XU ZhaoHui1,ZHANG ShanWen2.WANG ZhiGao2.& WANG YongShi2.1 faculty of Resource and information {2.,china university of petroleum,Beijing 1.2.49,china 2.Shengli Oil Field Ltd. Co.,SINOPEC,Dongying 2.7015,china 1. faculty of Resource and information {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. Shengli Oil Field Ltd. Co. SINOPEC Dongying 257015 China

The concept and division method for petroleum accumulation system,based on layer structure,are presented according to characteristics of layer structure and reservoirs. The petroleum accumulation system of Jiyang depression can be divided into four levels,namely petroleum accumulation system combination,petroleum accumulation system,oil-gas reservoir combination and reservoir. The petro-leum accumulation system combination includes three types of genetic pattern: other-source bur-ied-ridge accumulation system combination in pre-Paleogene,medium-deep layer self-source accu-mulation system combination in Paleogene,and shallow layer other-source accumulation system combination in Neogene. This paper also describes the reservoir types and their distribution charac-teristics of different petroleum accumulation system combinations and their interior units.

关键词： accumulation system Jiyang depression basin structure reservoir genetic pattern

Non-Darcy flow in oil accumulation (oil displacing water) and relative permeability and oil saturation characteristics of low-permeability sandstones

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 20-30页

作者： Zeng Jianhui Cheng Shiwei Kong Xu Guo Kai Wang Hongyu State Key Laboratory of petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China School of natural resources and {2. technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CNPC Greatwall Drilling Company Beijing 100101 China

Hydrocarbon resources in low-permeability sandstones are very abundant and are extensively distributed. Low-permeability reservoirs show several unique characteristics, including lack of a definite trap boundary or caprock, limited buoyancy effect, complex oil-gas-water distribution, without obvious oil-gas-water interfaces, and relatively low oil （gas） saturation. Based on the simulation experiments of oil accumulation in low-permeability sandstone （oil displacing water）, we study the migration and accumulation characteristics of non-Darcy oil flow, and discuss the values and influencing factors of relative permeability which is a key parameter characterizing oil migration and accumulation in low-permeability sandstone. The results indicate that： 1） Oil migration （oil displacing water） in low- permeability sandstone shows non-Darcy percolation characteristics, and there is a threshold pressure gradient during oil migration and accumulation, which has a good negative correlation with permeability and apparent fluidity; 2. With decrease of permeability and apparent fluidity and increase of fluid viscosity, the percolation curve is closer to the pressure gradient axis and the threshold pressure gradient increases. When the apparent fluidity is more than 1.0, the percolation curve shows modified Darcy flow characteristics, while when the apparent fluidity up＂ non-Darcy percolation curve; 3） Oil-water is less than 1.0, the percolation curve is a ＂concave- two-phase relative permeability is affected by core permeability, fluid viscosity, apparent fluidity, and injection drive force; 4） The oil saturation of low- permeability sandstone reservoirs is mostly within 35%-60%, and the oil saturation also has a good positive correlation with the permeability and apparent fluidity.

关键词： Non-Darcy flow relative permeability oil saturation low-permeability sandstone

Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 131-139页

作者： HU GuoYi 1,2.3 ,LI Jian 1,2.,LI Jin 1,2.,LI ZhiSheng 1,2.,LUO Xia 1,2.,SUN QingWu 1,2.&MA ChengHua 1,2.1 Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development(Langfang Branch),Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 2.The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 College of Geo-resources and information,china university of petroleum,Beijing 102.00,china Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Branch Langfang 065007 Peoples R China Petrochina Key Lab Gas Format & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China china Univ Petr Coll Georesources & Informat Beijing 102200 Peoples R China

The light hydrocarbon composition of 2.9 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of{2. have been determined and *** identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or *** differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been *** humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -2.‰,δ13C toluene >-2.‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-2.‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-2.‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene 2.‰,δ13C toluene 2.‰,δ13C cyclohexane 2.‰and δ13C methyl cyclohexane 2.‰.Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound,such as normal heptane(nC7),methyl cyclohexane(MCH)and dimethyl cyclopentane(ΣDMCP),etc,relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural ***,it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced *** components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced *** paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas.

关键词： natural gas humic-sourced gas sapropelic-sourced gas carbon isotope light hydrocarbon parameters

Main progress and problems in research on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim Basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Tian Jun Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxue Li Sumei Basin and Reservoir Research Center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The Tarim Basin is the largest petroliferous basin in the northwest of china, and is composed of a Paleozoic marine craton basin and a Meso-Cenozoic continental foreland basin. It is of great significance in exploration of Ordovician. In over 50 years of exploration, oil and gas totaling over 1.6 billion tonnes oil-equivalent has been discovered in the Ordovician carbonate formation. The accumulation mechanisms and distribution rules are quite complicated because of the burial depth more than 3,500 m, multi-source, and multi-stage accumulation, adjustment, reconstruction and re-enrichment in Ordovician. In this paper, we summarized four major advances in the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. First, oil came from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks separately and as a mixture, while natural gas was mainly cracked gas generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician crude oil. Second, most hydrocarbon migrated along unconformities and faults, with different directions in different regions. Third, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation had four periods： Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan, and the latter two were the most important for oil and gas exploration. Fourth, hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution can be generally divided into four stages： Caledonian （the period of hydrocarbon accumulation）, early Hercynian （the period of destruction）, late Hercynian （the period of hydrocarbon reconstruction and re-accumulation）, and Himalayan （the period of hydrocarbon adjustment and re-accumulation）. Source rocks （S）, combinations of reservoir-seal （C）, paleo-uplifts （M）, structure balance belt （B） matched in the same time （T） control the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Ordovician formations. Reservoir adjustment and reconstruction can be classified into two modes of physical adjustment and variation of chemical compositions and five mechanisms. These mechanisms are occurrence displacement, biodegradat

关键词： Tarim Basin carbonate reservoirs oil and gas exploration of the Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism hydrocarbon enrichment rule