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Petrogenesis of Indosinian volcanic rocks in Songpan-Garze fold belt of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau:New evidence for lithospheric delamination

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Science china earth {2. 2010年第9期53卷 1316-1328页

作者： CAI HongMing1,2. ZHANG HongFei1,2. XU WangChun1,2. SHI ZhangLiang1,2.& YUAN HongLin3.1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, wuhan 43.074, china 2.{2. of earth sciences, china University of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china 3.State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, china State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Wuhan China faculty of earth {2. China University of Geosciences Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest University Xi’an China

In the Songpan-Garze fold belt of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, an Indosinian lithospheric delamination model has been proposed, based on previous investigation of widespread granitoids. However, this model lacks comparable information from volcanism in the area. During the Indosinian delamination in the Songpan-Garze fold belt, whether partial melting of litho- spheric mantle taken place is debated. This paper reports U-Pb zircon LA-ICP-MS ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions from the Aba and Wasai calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the central Songpan-Garze fold belt. Obtained magma crystallization ages are 2.0±3.Ma for the Aba andesite and 2.5±1 Ma for the Wasai andesite. These are consistent with magma crystallization ages of the late Indosinian granitoids in the Songpan-Garze fold belt that formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting. The Aba and Wasai andesites have distinct geochemical singnatures. The former has higher Al2.3. K2., Rb but lower Na2., Ba and Sr contents, suggesting differences in their magmatic evolution. The Aba andesites have ISr values of 0.7070-0.7076 and εNd(t) values of -3.9 to -5.3. and the Wasai andesites have ISr values of 0.7075-0.7077 and εNd(t) values of -3.6 to -3.9. Zircons show εHf(t) values of -3.7 to 0.3.for the Aba andesites and -2.7 to 5.5 for the Wasai andesites. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions indicate that fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation processes are not key roles for their magma evolution, implying that their chemical compositions are those of primary melts. We suggest that the magma of the Aba andesites originated predominantly from a crustal source, with a minor mantle-derived component. The source region of the magma was likely at the crust-mantle boundary. The magma of the Wasai andesites resulted from partial melting of lithospheric mantle, which was probably metasomatized by fluids so that it was amphibole bearing. The petrogenesis of the Aba and Wasai andesite

关键词： volcanism U-Pb dating geochemistry petrogenesis lithospheric delamination Songpan-Garze fold belt

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Exploring the deep biosphere

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Science china earth {2. 2011年第2期54卷 157-165页

作者： FANG JiaSong1,2.& ZHANG Li3.1 State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092.{3. 2.College of Natural and Computational sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA 3.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, {2. of earth sciences,{3. University of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074,{3. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China College of Natural and Computational sciences Hawaii Pacific University Kaneohe USA State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3.km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the global biosphere and may constitute as much as 50% of the earth’s biomass. In this article, we review the current knowledge of and most recent advances in studying the deep biosphere and suggest directions in future research.

关键词： deep biosphere Thomas Gold microorganism biomass DNA ribosome ODP CARD-FISH dark energy lipids serpentinization

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Research on the dynamics of the South china Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china earth {2. 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2. ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3. XIA Bin2. QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South china Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of {3., Guangzhou 5103.1, china 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of {3., Guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 5102.0, china 4. faculty of earth {3., china University of Geo{3., wuhan 43.074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 12.010, china CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou China faculty of earth {2. China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South china Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 3.2}to 2. Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 2. Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South china Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South china Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2.depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South china Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South china Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South china Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： South china Sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

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Numerically quantifying the relative importance of topography and buoyancy in driving groundwater flow

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Science china earth {2. 2010年第1期53卷 64-71页

作者： YANG JianWen 1,2.FENG ZuoHai 1,LUO XianRong 1 & CHEN YuanRong 1 1 faculty of earth {2.,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,china 2.Department of earth and Environmental {2.,University of Windsor,Windsor,Ontario,N9B 3.4,Canada faculty of earth {2. Guilin University of Technology Guilin China Department of earth and Environmental sciences University of Windsor Windsor Canada

Both topography and buoyancy can drive groundwater flow;however,the interactions between them are still poorly *** this paper,the authors conduct numerical simulations of variable-density fluid flow and heat transport to quantify their relative *** finite element modeling experiments on a 2.D conceptual model reveal that the pattern of groundwater flow depends largely upon the relative magnitude of the flow rate due to topography alone and the flow rate due to buoyancy *** fluid velocity due to topography is greater than that due to buoyancy at large water table gradients,topography-driven 'forced convection' overwhelms buoyancy-driven 'free convection'.When flow velocity due to buoyancy is greater than that due to topography at small water table gradients,mixed free and forced convection takes *** this case,free convection becomes dominant,but topography-driven flow still plays an important role since it pushes the free convection cells to migrate laterally in the downhill ***,hydrothermal fluid flow remains changing periodically with time and no steady state can be *** presence of a low-permeability layer near the surface helps eliminate the topography effect on the underlying free convection.

关键词： hydrothermal flow free convection forced convection topography buoyancy finite element modeling

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Water in peridotite xenoliths from South china

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Science china earth {2. 2011年第10期54卷 1511-1522页

作者： WANG Rong 1,2.3.& ZHANG BaoMin 3.1 faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093. china 2.State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. china 3.faculty of earth Science, china University of Geosciences, wuhan 43.074, china faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing University Nanjing China faculty of earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

The water contents of nominally anhydrous clinopyroxene （cpx）, orthopyroxene （opx） and olivine （ol） in peridotite xenoliths hosted by Cenozoic basalts from Yingfengling, Zhangchouchun, Fujitian and Lindi, South china, were measured by Micro- FTIR. All cpx and opx grains contained a certain amount of water, which was indicated by the presence of hydroxyls in the crystal structure. The water contents （H2., ppm） of cpx and opx from peridotite xenoliths of the study areas were 2.3.981, 183.752. 73.586 and 51-42. ppm, and 82.471, 74-571, 53.170 and 9-13. ppm, respectively. No prominent OH absorption bands were detected for any ol grains, indicating that the water contents were below the detection limit （approximately 2.ppm）. The entire rock contents recalculated according to mineral volume proportions were 49-163. 48-168, 2.-111 and 8-40 ppm, respectively. Combined with previously reported data describing the water contents of peridotite xenoliths worldwide, the results presented here suggest that water distribution in the continental lithospheric mantle is spatially heterogeneous at a global scale. The lithospheric mantle of South china is much richer in water than that of the North china Craton, and is close to that typical of off-craton localities, such as the Basin and Range Province, and Massif Central.

关键词： FTIR water peridotite xenoliths South china

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Garnet-bearing Granulite Facies Rock Xenoliths from Late Mesozoic Volcaniclastic Breccia, Xinyang, Henan Province

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第4期75卷 445-451页

作者： ZHENG Jianping, SUN Min, LU Fengxiang, WANG Chunyangand ZHONG Zengqiu faculty of earth {2.,{3. University of Geo{2., wuhan 43.074,{3. Department of earth {2., The University of Hong Kong,{3. china Univ Geosci Fac Earth Sci Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Earth Sci Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

This paper presents the primary results of petrologic, mineralogical and petrochemical studies of garnet-bearing granulite facies rock xenoliths from Xinyang, Henan Province. These xenoliths, which are found in a pipe of late Mesozoic volcaniclastic breccia, are of high density (3.13.3.3. g/cm3. and high seismic velocity (Vp = 7.04–7.3. km/s), being products of underplating of basaltic magmas and had experienced granulite facies metamorphism. The underplating and metamorphism took place before the eruption of the host rock. Petrographical studies and equilibrium T-P calculations show that these xenoliths were captured at a 49 km depth and experienced at least a 16 km uplift before they were captured. The dynamics of the uplift could be related to the continent-continent collision between the North china plate and the Yangtze plate during the Triassic.

关键词： granulite facies mafic rock xenolith uplift Xinyang

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Development of distributed time-variant gain model for nonlinear hydrological systems

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Science china earth {2. 2005年第6期48卷 713-723页

作者： XIA Jun1, 2. WANG Gangsheng1, TAN Ge1, YE Aizhong2.& G. H. Huang3.1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101,{2. 2. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering sciences, wuhan University, wuhan 43.072.{2. 3. faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, 3.3. Wascana Parkway, Regina, Sask., S4S 0A2. Canada Correspondence should be addressed to Xia Jun Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China faculty of Engineering University of Regina Sask Canada

In this paper, a rainfall-runoff modeling system is developed based on a nonlinear Volterra functional series and a hydrological conceptual modeling approach. Two models, i.e. the time-variant gain model (TVGM) and the distributed time-variant gain model (DTVGM) that are built on the platform of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Remote Sensing (RS) and Unit Hydro-logical Process were proposed. The developed DTVGM model was applied to two cases in the Heihe River Basin that is located in the arid and semiarid region of northwestern china and the Chaobai River basin located in the semihumid region of northern china. The results indicate that, in addition to the classic dynamic differential approach to describe nonlinear processes in hy-drological systems, it is possible to study such complex processes through the proposed sys-tematic approach to identify prominent hydrological relations. The DTVGM, coupling the advan-tages of both nonlinear and distributed hydrological models, can simulate variant hydrological processes under different environment conditions. Satisfactory results were obtained in fore-casting the time-space variations of hydrological processes and the relationships between land use/cover change and surface runoff variation.

关键词： hydrological process, nonlinearity, time-variant gain model, distributed hydrological model.

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Behavioral Diversity and Complexity Indicated by Metazoan Traces at a Topological Level since Proterozoic

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Journal of earth Science 2000年第3期19卷 118-124页

作者： Gong Yiming faculty of earth {2.,{3. University of Geo{2., wuhan 43.074,{3.

On the basis of topological criteria, metazoan traces can be classified as four ichnoorders (clusters) and twenty two ichnofamilies (kinds), which consist of nine basic and three combined topological configurations. At a topological level, the behavioral diversity and complexity indicated by metazoan traces have remained quite stable since the Early Cambrian. Dramatic changes of these traits took place in the Neoproterozoic, in which 75% (12.16) of the topoichnotaxa and all nine basic topological configurations of metazoan traces occurred, but the most complex and highest level topological configuration occurred in the Early Cambrian of the coelomate animal explosive evolution, showing that in the Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian gestated not only the Ediacarian fauna and all the basic types of multi cellular animals known today, but also all the basic and the most complex metazoan traces through geological time.

关键词： metazoan trace topological configuration Proterozoic.

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Laser Ablation ICP-MS Titanite U-Th-Pb Dating of the Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au Skarn Deposit,Southeastern Hubei Province

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矿物学报 2009年第S1期29卷 314-316页

作者： LI Jian-wei 1,2.DENG Xiao-dong1,2.ZHOU Mei-fu3.LIU Yong-sheng1(1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,china University of Geo{3.,{2. 43.074,china 2. faculty of earth Resources,china University of Geo{3.,{2. 43.074,china 3. Department of earth {3.,the University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong)

Titanite(CaTi2.iO5) is an important accessory mineral not only in magmatic and metamorphic rocks,but also commonly in hydrothermal mineral deposits. It incorporates appreciable amounts(usually 10×10-6 s to 100×10-6 s) of U and Th into its structure and has a closure temperature of Pb diffusion higher than 660～700 ℃(Scott and St-Onge,1995) ,making it an ideal U-Th-Pb geochronometer. The Daye metallogenic district is located in the west of the giant Middle-Lower Yangtze River(MLYR) Cu-Fe-Au province,eastern china and is well endowed with Fe,Cu,and polymetallic skarn deposits.

关键词： Pb Laser Ablation ICP-MS Titanite U-Th-Pb Dating of the Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au Skarn Deposit,Southeastern Hubei Province Th Fe ICP Cu MS

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Complexity and Self-Organized Criticality of Solid earth System(Ⅰ)

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Journal of earth Science 1998年第1期17卷 30-47页

作者： Yu Chongwen faculty of earth {2.,{3. University of Geo{2., wuhan 43.074

The author puts forward the proposition of Complexity and Self Organized Criticality of Solid earth System in the light of: (1) the science of complexity studies the mechanisms of emergence of complexity and is the science of the 2.st century, (2. the study of complexity of the earth system would be one of the growing points occupying a strategic position in the development of geo{2. in the 2.st century. By the proposition we try to cogitate from a new viewpoint the ancient yet ever new solid earth system. The author abstracts the fundamental problem of the solid earth system from the essence of the generalized geological systems and processes which reads: the complexity and self organized criticality of the global nature, structure and dynamical behavior of the whole solid earth system emerging from the multiple coupling and superposition of non linear interactions among the multicomponents of the earths material and the multiple generalized geological (geological, geophysical, and geochemical) processes . Starting from this cognizance the author proposes eight major themes and the methodology of researches on the complexity and self organized criticality of the solid earth system.

关键词： complexity self organization self organized criticality the solid earth system fractal chaos long range spatio temporal correlation fractal spatio temporal structure.

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