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Contributors and potential of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks by solid-state ^(13)C NMR spectroscopy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第6期42卷 478-481页

作者： WANGZhaoyun, ZHAO Changyi, CHENG Keming and LU Qinghua1. research institute of {2. exploration and Development, china National {2. corporation, beijing 100083. china:2. University of {2., beijing, 100083.china research institute of {2. exploration and Development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China University of petroleum Beijing China

SOLID-STATE 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） technique is an effective method to study the texture of material. Under the condition of high magnetic field （400 MHz） and by the application of cross polarization, magic angle spinning （CP/MAS）, total sideband suppression （TOSS）, etc., the content of different textural carbons in kerogen has been quantitatively analyzed by the solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of a series of kerogen of thermal simulation samples with Ro value ranging from 0.64% to 1.76%. The results show that

关键词： solid 13C NMR analysis aliphatic carbon potential of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.

Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2.& ZHANG XueFeng3 1 petroleum exploration and {2. institute, china petroleum & chemical corporation, beijing 100083. china 2.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 3 School of Resource and Information, china University of petroleum, beijing 102.49, china petroleum exploration and {2. institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C2., C2. and C2. steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13C values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -32.53‰ and -33.37‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13C values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -2..18‰ and -2..2.‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC2.) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC2.-/ΣnC2.+) are between 4.56 and 39.17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.2. and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

High-Resolution Transgressive-Regressive Sequence Stratigraphy of Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Southwestern Ordos Basin,Northern china

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第4期21卷 423-438页

作者：吕明胜陈开远薛良清衣丽萍朱红涛 research institute of {2. exploration & Development PetroChina School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences china National Oil and Gas exploration and Development {2. Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences

The reservoirs within the Chang 8 Member of Yanchang(延长) Formation in the southwestern Ordos basin are characterized by low *** is significant to build a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the exploration and development of these *** on an integrated investigation of well logs,seismic data,cores and outcrops,the Chang 8 Member is interpreted as a 3rd-order transgressive-regressive(T-R) sequence,which consists of six 4th-order T-R sequences,namely,K1,K2.K3,K4,K5 and K6,respectively,from base to *** 4th-order sequence comprises a transgressive systems tract overlain by a regressive systems *** K1 to transgressive systems tract of K4,it is characterized by the landward shifts of facies and overall retrogradational sequence stacking pattern due to accommodation increase more than sediment supply during the 3rd-order base-level *** distributary channels are mainly deposited in the transgressive systems tracts,and the interdistributary bays,sheet sands,and small-scale mouth bars are primarily developed in the regressive systems tracts in response to the 4th-order base-level *** the regressive systems tracts of K4 to K6,it is characterized by the basinward shifts of facies and overall progradational sequence stacking pattern because of accommodation increase less than sediment supply during a fall in 3rd-order base *** distributary channels are mainly accumulated in the transgressive systems tracts,and distributary channels and mouth bars are deposited in the regressive systems tracts as a result of the 4th-order base-level *** stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses indicate that sequences K1,K2.K5 and K6,as well as the basin edge of K3 and K4,remain potential for exploration and development due to their high reservoir quality in response to the low accommodation and more sediment supply.

关键词： transgressive-regressive sequence base level sediment supply sequence stratigraphic framework Ordos basin.

Carbon isotope composition and its implications of Lower Cretaceous Aptian-Albian shallow water carbonates in the Cuoqin Basin, North Tibet

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 247-254页

作者： ZHU Jingquan1, LI Yongtie2. JIANG Maosheng1 & CHEN Daizhao1 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., {2. 2. research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, CNPC, beijing 100083. china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The d 13C values of Lower Cretaceous Aptian-Albian platform-type carbonates in the Cuoqin Basin, North Tibet vary between 2.48 and 5.46. The mean value is 3.93. The values are not only provided with positive excursion, but also 1.17 higher than those of con-temporaneous pelagic carbonates which possess pretty high d 13C values. The origin is ap-proached. During the oceanic anoxic events, a great number of organisms were rapidly buried, causing the increase of the d 13C value of oceanic total dissolved carbon (TDC) and generally promoting the values of marine carbonates. After that, owing to the organisms undergoing dif-ferent isotopic fractionation in the paleo-ocean with stratified structure, d 13C values of shallow sea carbonate were obviously higher than those of pelagic carbonates.

关键词： shallow water carbonate, stable carbon isotope, paleooceanography, Aptian-Albian stage, Cuoqin Basin.

A kind of coccoid dinoflagel-lates-like fossils gives a new explanation of source of dinosterane in the Early-Middle Cambrian

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第5期46卷 420-423,442页

作者： BIAN Lizeng, ZHANG Shuichang, ZHANG Baomin, MAO Shaozhi & YIN LeimingDepartment of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093,china Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry, china National petroleum corporation, beijing 100083. china research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, china National petroleum corporation, beijing 100083. china china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083. china Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China research institute of {2. exploration and Development China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing China china University of Geosciences Beijing China Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The coccoid fossils covered with thick gelatinous envelop containing several gametes are discovered in gyps and salt deposits of Cambrian, H4 well and chert bed of the base of Yuertus Formation (∈11) of Xiaoerbulake Section. The fossils are described and compared with coccoid dinoflagellates. These fossils may be a coccoid life-cycle stage (vegetative cyst) of coccoid dinoflagellates. If this identification is correct, the coccoid dinoflagellates-like fossils could give a reasonable explanation of the dinoflagellate-specific biomarkers from Cambrian, H4 well, Tarim Basin.

关键词： coccoid dinoflagellates-like fossils dinoflagellate-specific biomarkers Cambrian Tarim Basin.

Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin,NW china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2.LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining,china University of Mining & Technology,beijing 100083.china 3 exploration research Center,exploration & Development {12.,china Petrochemical corporation,beijing 100083.china 1. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China3. Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing 100083 China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim Basin,NW china,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei *** reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the *** the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological *** stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2. The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim Basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen

Micro-mechanisms of residual oil mobilization by viscoelastic fluids

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petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Zhang Lijuan Yue Xiang＇an Guo Fenqiao Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Development Department Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China

Four typical types of residual oil, residual oil trapped in dead ends, oil ganglia in pore throats, oil at pore corners and oil film adhered to pore walls, were studied. According to main pore structure characteristics and the fundamental morphological features of residual oil, four displacement models for residual oil were proposed, in which pore-scale flow behavior of viscoelastic fluid was analyzed by a numerical method and micro-mechanisms for mobilization of residual oil were discussed. Calculated results indicate that the viscoelastic effect enhances micro displacement efficiency and increases swept volume. For residual oil trapped in dead ends, the flow field of viscoelastic fluid is developed in dead ends more deeply, resulting in more contact with oil by the displacing fluid, and consequently increasing swept volume. In addition, intense viscoelastic vortex has great stress, under which residual oil becomes small oil ganglia, and finally be carried into main channels. For residual oil at pore throats, its displacement mechanisms are similar to the oil trapped in dead ends. Vortices are developed in the depths of the throats and oil ganglia become smaller. Besides, viscoelastic fluid causes higher pressure drop on oil ganglia, as a driving force, which can overcome capillary force, consequently, flow direction can be changed and the displacing fluid enter smaller throats. For oil at pore corners, viscoelastic fluid can enhance displacement efficiency as a result of greater velocity and stress near the corners. For residual oil adhered to pore wall, viscoelastic fluid can provide a greater displacing force on the interface between viscoelastic fluid and oil, thus, making it easier to exceed the minimum interfacial tension for mobilizing the oil film.

关键词： Viscoelastic chemical flooding displacement mechanism residual oil swept volume

Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2.,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2.,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 31002.,china 2.Langfang Branch,Reasearch institute of {2. exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 institute of exploration and Development,Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 71002.,china 4 University of {2.,beijing102.49,china 5 Petrochina research institute of {2. exploration and Development,beijing 100083.china 1. Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China2. Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China3. Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021 China4. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2.andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2.),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12.,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

Application of backflush and micro-flow techniques to the analysis of C5—C13 hydrocarbons in crude oils and its geochemical significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1382-1387页

作者： Wang Peirong1,2. Zhao Hong2.3, Xu Guanjun1,4, Zhu Cuishan2.3, Xiao Tingrong4, Zhang Min2.3 and Zhang Bin1,4(1. Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry, china National petroleum corporation, beijing 100083. china 2. Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43402., china 3. Key Laboratory of exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 43402., china 4. petroleum Geology Central Laboratory, research institute of petroleum exploration and Development, Petrochina, beijing 100083. china) Key Laboratory of petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Geochemistry Department of Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Key Laboratory of exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Education Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China petroleum Geology Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

An Agilent 6890N GC equipped with both FID and Agilent 5975 MSD analyzer has been employed to analyze C5—C13 hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils. A technical combination of program temperature volatilizer injection, backflush and micro-flow controller afforded a fine separation of C5—C13 compounds on a PONA column with the heavy part of crude oils being cut off before entering the analytical column. Both GC-FID chromatogram and GC-MS mass chromatograms (MID and full scan) could be obtained at the same time. The retension time differences of nC6—nC13 alkanes between GC and TIC were in the range of 0.02.0.58 minutes. Totally 2.6 peaks have been assigned group compositions. Results on 8 typical oil samples from CNPC Key Laboratory Crude Oil Library showed that the characteristics of C6—C13 hydrocarbon group composition could be used in oil-oil correlation studies.

关键词： GC analysis GC/MS analysis backflush micro-flow controller light fraction in crude oil