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Kinematics and dynamics of the Mesozoic orogeny and late-orogenic extensional collapse in the Sino-Mongolian border areas

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 849-862页

作者： ZHENG Yadong 1 & WANG Tao2.1. Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution (Peking University), Ministry of Education, beijing 100871, china 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of {2. Sciences, beijing 10003., china Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing 100871 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijinq 100037 China

The Sino-Mongolian border areas underwent two important tectonic events during Mesozoic time after late Paleozoic orogeny: a late Triassic to earlier Jurassic contractional event that resulted in a large-scale south-vergent thrust during the orogeny and a late Jurassic-earlier Cretaceous extensional event in a north-south direction that formed a metamorphic core complex. The kinematic and dynamic analyses show that the thrust sheet moved southwards with a kinematic vorticity number of ca. -0.10 and sub-horizontal maximum compressive stress axis that belongs to a contraction-thickening shear. The upper plate of the late-orogenic detachment relatively moved in a 165°direction. The average kinematic vorticity in its earlier stage was 0.74 that belongs to simple shear dominated shearing and related to the maximum compressive stress axes dipping at ～66°, while the later average kinematic vorticity was ～0.55°that belongs to pure shear dominated shearing with sub-vertical maximum compressive stress axes. This suggests that the thrusting led to the crust thickened and the lower plate rocks that were originally located in the upper crust depressed through a brittle-ductile transition zone into the lower crust and became warmer. The heated rocks trended to uplift since their increasing volume and decreasing density while the loading of the upper-plate rocks increased due to the structural thickening. Under the combined effect of the loading and the thermal-uplifting, the ductile shear zone in between increased in its component of vertical pure shear. Once its pure-shear component exceeded its simple-shear one the ductile shear zone became an extension-thinned shear zone. This progressive transitional process reflects internal and essential temporal and spatial relationships: the extensional factor nucleated during the crust thickening by thrusting and increase of the extensional factor finally led to late-orogenic collapse.

关键词： Mesozoic thrusting,late-orogenic collapse,kinematic vorticity number,stress state.

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Carbon isotope composition and its implications of Lower Cretaceous Aptian-Albian shallow water carbonates in the Cuoqin Basin, North Tibet

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 247-254页

作者： ZHU Jingquan1, LI Yongtie2. JIANG Maosheng1 & CHEN Daizhao1 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., china 2. {2. Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development, CNPC, beijing 100083, china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China CNPC Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The d 13C values of Lower Cretaceous Aptian-Albian platform-type carbonates in the Cuoqin Basin, North Tibet vary between 2.48 and 5.46. The mean value is 3.93. The values are not only provided with positive excursion, but also 1.17 higher than those of con-temporaneous pelagic carbonates which possess pretty high d 13C values. The origin is ap-proached. During the oceanic anoxic events, a great number of organisms were rapidly buried, causing the increase of the d 13C value of oceanic total dissolved carbon (TDC) and generally promoting the values of marine carbonates. After that, owing to the organisms undergoing dif-ferent isotopic fractionation in the paleo-ocean with stratified structure, d 13C values of shallow sea carbonate were obviously higher than those of pelagic carbonates.

关键词： shallow water carbonate, stable carbon isotope, paleooceanography, Aptian-Albian stage, Cuoqin Basin.

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Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 207-220页

作者： ZHOU QingHua 1,2.,FENG ZiHui 3 &MEN GuangTian 3 1 research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development,Petro{2.,beijing 100083,{2. 2.geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163411,{2. 3 research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163732.{2. Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Daqing Oil Field Co Ltd Geol Logging Subco Daqing 163411 Peoples R China Daqing Oil field Co Ltd Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Dacling 163732 Peoples R China

According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2.00,3000 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression *** geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the *** thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal *** main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of *** high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault-depression geotemperature geothermal gradient thermal conductivity of rock deep layer natural gas

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Evaluation criteria for gas source rocks of marine carbonate in china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 810-817页

作者： WANG Zhaoyun1**, ZHAO Wenzhi1 and WANG Yunpeng2.1. research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & development,Petro{2., beijing 100083, china 2. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china) research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Hydrocarbon generating and expulsion simulation experiments are carried out using samples artifically matched between the acid-dissolved residue of relatively low-maturity limestone and the original sample. This work makes up for the insufficiency of source rock samples with high abundance of organic matters and low maturity in china. The organic carbon content of the 10 prepared samples varies between 0.15% and 0.74%. Pyrolysis data and simulation experiment results of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion, which were obtained by a high-temperature and high-pressure open system, indicate that the lower limit of organic carbon content for marine carbonate rock to generate and expel hydrocarbons is 0.2.%—0.31%. In combination with the numerical analysis of organic carbon in marine carbonate rocks from Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin and North china, as well as the contribution of these gas source rocks to the discovered gas pools, we think that the organic carbon criterion for carbonate gas source rocks should be 0.3%.

关键词： carbonate gas source rock gas-generating efficiency evaluation criteria simulation experiment.

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Integrating MODFLOW and GIS technologies for assessing impacts of irrigation management and groundwater use in the Hetao Irrigation District,Yellow River basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3257-3263页

作者： XU Xu1,2. HUANG GuanHua1,2.& QU ZhongYi3 1 center for Agriculture Water research,{2. Agricultural University, beijing 100083,{2. 2.Chinese-Israeli International center for research and Training in Agriculture,{2. Agricultural University, beijing 100083,{2. 3 Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018,{2. 1. center for Agriculture Water research China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China 2. Chinese-Israeli International center for research and Training in Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China 3. Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China

Due to severe water scarcity, water resources used in agricultural sector have been reduced markedly in Hetao irrigation district. Application of water-saving practices (WSPs) is required for the sustainable agricultural development. The human activities including WSPs and increase of groundwater abstraction can lower down the groundwater table, which is helpful to the salinity control. Meanwhile, an excessively large groundwater table depth may result in negative impact on crop growth and fragile ecological environment. In this paper, the Jiefangzha irrigation system in Hetao irrigation district was selected as a typical area, a groundwater flow model based on ArcInfo Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed and implemented to quantify the effect of human activities on the groundwater system in this area. The preand post-processing of model data was performed efficiently by using the available GIS tools. The time-variant data in boundary conditions was further edited in Microsoft Excel with programs of Visual Basic for Application (VBA). The model was calibrated and validated with independent data sets. Application of the model indicated that it can well describe the effect of human activities on groundwater dynamics in Jiefangzha irrigation system.

关键词： groundwater flow modeling MODFLOW GIS water-saving practices irrigation district

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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2. SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development, Petro{2., beijing 100083, china 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 2.2.00, china 3. Langfang Branch, research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development, Petro{2., Langfang 065007, china 1. research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 2. Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan 232000 China 3. Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12.H4. This will make 12.H4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12.H4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12.H4. The remaining 12.H4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12.H4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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Petrogenesis and significance of early Yanshanian syenite-granite complex in eastern Nanling Range

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 912-924页

作者： CHEN Peirong1, ZHOU Xinmin1, ZHANG Wenlan1, LI Huimin2. FAN Chunfang1, SUN Tao1, CHEN Weifeng1 & ZHANG Min1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,{2., Tianjin 300170, china State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources China Geological Survey Tianjin 300170 China

In the eastern Nanling Range there exists the early Yanshanian syenite-granite assemblage. A representative example is the Pitou-Tabei complex composed of the Tabei syenite pluton and the Pitou syenogranite pluton in southern Jiangxi Province. U-Pb zircon dating yields ages of 188.6±2.2.Ma for the Tabei pluton and 186.3±1.1 Ma for the Pitou pluton. The Tabei syenite is characterized by relatively low SiO2.content (62.40% - 68.75%), high alkalis (K2.+Na2. = 10.56%-11.96%), low percent K2./Na2. ratios (0.56-0.93), metaluminous fea- ture (A/CNK = 0.80-1.00), enrichment in LILE (Rb, Ba, K) and HFSE (Th, U, Nb, Ta, Zr, and so on), weakly negative to positive Eu anomalies (δ Eu = 0.63-1.82., relatively low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70412.0.70543), and relatively high ε Nd(t) (3.14-3.52.. The Pitou syenogranite is charac- terized by high silicon content (SiO2.= 71.06%-76.2.%), relatively low alkalis (K2.+Na2. = 8.10%-9.80%), high percent K2./Na2. ratios (1.2.-1.94), metaluminous feature (A/CNK = 0.94-1.07), enrichment in Rb, Th (U), K, depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P , Zr, Ti, high ΣREE (av- eraging 451.03 μg/g), strong negative Eu anomalies (δ Eu = 0.2.-0.33), relatively high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.70805-0.70912., and relatively low ε Nd( t ) (?5.35-?6.2.). The Tabei syenite and Pitou syenogranite both have the characteristics of A-type granites. The former is considered to be from the asthenosphere mantle, and the latter was the product of the crust-mantle mixture. They both were probably formed in a rifting setting.

关键词： syenite-granite assemblage single zircon U-Pb age rifting environment Nanling Range.

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The multi-factor recombination and processes superimposition model for hydrocarbon accumulation:application to the Silurian in the Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 13-19页

作者： Meng Qingyang Pang Xiongqi Gao Jianbo State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir research center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China research center CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

The multi-factor recombination and processes superimposition model for hydrocarbon accumulation is put forward in view of the hydrocarbon geological characteristics of multiple episodes of structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-seal assemblage, multiple cycles of hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple episodes of readjustment and reconstruction in the complex superimposed basins in china. It is a system including theories and methods that can help to predict favorable exploration regions. According to this model, the basic discipline for hydrocarbon generation, evolution and distribution in the superimposed basins can be summarized in multi-factor recombination, processes superimposition, multiple stages of oil filling and latest stage preservation. With the Silurian of the Tarim basin as an example, based on the reconstruction of the evolution history of the four factors （paleo-anticline, source rock, regional cap rock and kinematic equilibrium belt） controlling hydrocarbon accumulation, this model was adopted to predict favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas and favorable exploration regions following structural destruction in three stages of oil filling, to provide guidance for further exploration ofoil and gas in the Silurian of the Tarim basin.

关键词： Multi-factor recombination processes superimposition Tarim Basin Silurian favorable exploration region prediction

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Integrative inversion of land surface component temperature

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2011-2019页

作者： FAN Wenjie1 & XU Xiru1,2.1. Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 2. {2. of Remote Sensing and GIS of beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 1. Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. center of Remote Sensing and GIS of beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

In this paper, the row winter wheat was selected as the example to study the com-ponent temperature inversion method of land surface target in detail. The result showed that the structural pattern of row crop can affect the inversion precision of component temperature evi-dently. Choosing appropriate structural pattern of row crop can improve the inversion precision significantly. The iterative method combining inverse matrix was a stable method that was fit for inversing component temperature of land surface target. The result of simulation and field ex-periment showed that the integrative method could remarkably improve the inversion accuracy of the lighted soil surface temperature and the top layer canopy temperature, and enhance inver-sion stability of components temperature. Just two parameters were sufficient for accurate at-mospheric correction of multi-angle and multi-spectral thermal infrared data: atmospheric trans-mittance and the atmospheric upwelling radiance. If the atmospheric parameters and component temperature can be inversed synchronously, the really and truly accurate atmospheric correction can be achieved. The validation using ATSRII data showed that the method was useful.

关键词： components temperature, inverse pattern, atmospheric correction

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第10期47卷 896-911页

作者： ZHANG Changhou1,2. WU Ganguo1,2. WANG Genhou2. ZHANG Weijie2.& SONG Honglin2.1. Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology, china University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education of china, {2. 100083, china 2. School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, china University of Geosciences, {2. 100083, china 1. Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education of China 100083 Beijing China 2. School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

The northwest trending tectonic belt in the middle part of the Mesozoic intraplate Yanshan Orogenic Belt, northeast Hebei Province, is composed of thrusts, extensional faults, strike-slip faults and syntectonic sedimentations as well. The northeastward basement-involved major thrusting deformation occurred between 174Ma and 168MaBP and was followed by an intrusion of the granitic plutonic rocks. As a part of the post-thrusting extensional deformations a northwest extending volcano-sedimentation system of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous formed in the southwest side of the belt. These volcano-sedimentary sequences are divided into Tuchengzi Formation, Zhangjiakou Formation, Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation re- spectively. They are characterized by southeastward migration as a result of the increasing down-dip slip displacement along the major extensional fault toward the southeast of the belt. The provenance area of the Jiufotang Formation north to it experienced southwestward thrusting during and after its later sedimentation. The thrusting in this stage resulted in the formation of an asymmetric footwall syncline with vergence to SW in the Jiufotang Formation in the NE side of the basin. Finally a dextral strike-slip deformation occurred along the NW tectonic belt. The striking tectono-geomorphological features and present seismic activities along this belt indicate that it has been being active since Cenozoic era and is still in the active state at present. This northwest extending tectonic belt was following the same direction and location as the existing fault systems within the basement as revealed by former geological and geophysical studies. So it is reasonable to infer the Mesozoic deformation along this belt to be a result of reactivation of the basement structures in a favorable tectonic stress field. The reactivation of basement struc- tures might be taken as one of the mechanisms of intraplate deformation and orogeny.

关键词： Yanshan Orogenic Belt, northwest extending tectonic complex, thrust system, geochronology.

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