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Using lightning locating system based on time-of-arrival technique to study three-dimensional lightning discharge processes

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第4期53卷 591-602页

作者： ZHANG GuangShu1,WANG YanHui1,QIE XiuShu2.ZHANG Tong1,ZHAO YuXiang1,3,LI YaJun1 & CAO DongJie11 Laboratory for Climate Environment and Disasters of Western china,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute,Chinese Academy of {2.,Lanzhou 730000,china 2.Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO),institute of atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of {2.,Beijing 10002.,china 3 department of Physics,Tianshui Normal College,Tianshui 741001,china Laboratory for Climate Environment and Disasters of Western china Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China department of Physics Tianshui Normal College Tianshui China

A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,*** 3D images of the lightning progression have been obtained successfully for the first time in *** 3D-channel evolutions of typical negative CG,positive CG and IC lightning flashes have been discussed together with the data of fast electric field *** was found that significant differences existed between the negative and positive CG lightning flashes in terms of the initiation and propagation of the radiation *** preliminary breakdown of a negative CG lightning flash propagated at a speed about 5.2.104 m/*** stepped leader of negative CG lightning flashes was trigged by negative initial ***,it propagated downward at a speed of 1.3×105 m/*** initial process of the positive CG lightning flashes was also a propagation process of negative *** streamers propagated dominantly horizontally in the positive charge region and accumulated positive charges at the origin of the lightning,and as a consequence,initiated downward positive streamers.A new type of lightning discharge that was triggered by a narrow bipolar pulse(NBP) is discussed in this *** NBP was originated at altitude of about 10.5 km in the upper positive charge *** a distinct difference from normal IC flash,its channels extended horizontally all around and produced a lot of radiation *** source power of the NBP could approach 16.7 kW,which is much greater than that of normal lightning discharge ranging between 100 mW and 500 *** 3D propagation of this new type of lightning discharge was observed and obtained for the first time in *** possible initiation mechanism of this new type of light-ning is discussed here.

关键词： time-of-arrival(TOA) technique three dimensional lightning locating system discharge process narrow bipolar pulse new-type of IC lightning

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Trend,seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric CO_2.in Beijing

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第24期47卷 2050-2055页

作者： WANG Yuesi, WANG Changke, GUO Xueqing, LIU Guangren & HUANG YaoLAPC, institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 100083, china department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, china LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing China

The concentration of atmospheric CO2.in Beijing increased rapidly at a mean growth rate of 3.7%·a-1 from 1993 to 1995. After displaying a peak of (409.7±2..9) μmol·mol-1 in 1995, it decreased slowly. Both the almost stable anthropogenic CO2.source and increasing biotic CO2.sink contribute to the drop of CO2.concentration from 1995 to 2.00. The seasonal variation of CO2.concentration exhibits a clear cycle with a maximum in winter, averaging (42..8± 2..6)μmol·mol-1, and a minimum in summer, averaging (369.1±6.1)μmol·mol-1. The seasonal variation of CO2.concentration is mainly controlled by phenology. The mean diurnal variation of atmospheric CO2.concentration for a year in Beijing is highly clear: daily maximum CO2.concentration usually occurs at night, but daily minimum CO2.concentration does in the daytime, with a mean diurnal difference more than 34.7μmol·mol-1. It has been revealed that the interannual variations of atmospheric CO2.concentration in winter and autumn regulated the

关键词： atmospheric CO2 annual variation seasonal variation diurnal variation urban environment.

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The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第6期29卷 26-34页

作者： LIU Changzheng XUE Feng National Climate Center Beijing 100081 China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） and the Antarctic oscillation （AAO） at the quasi-quadrennial （QQ） *** is found that the cold tongue index （CTI） and the AAO index （AAOI） are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month *** further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure （SLP） anomalies from 1951 to *** results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 （GTW1） propagating *** the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern ***,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean *** the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed *** a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and *** can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ *** is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature （SST） anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern *** the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982.1983 ENSO event.

关键词： ENSO Antarctic oscillation the quasi-quadrennial timescale the global tropical wave of wavenumber 1

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Dynamical impact of anomalous East-Asian winter monsoon on zonal wind over the equatorial western Pacific

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Science Bulletin 2005年第14期 114-120页

作者： LI Chongyin1,2. PEI Shunqiang1 & PU Ye1 1 LASG, institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 10002., china 2.institute of meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, nanjing 2.1101, china

Zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial west- ern Pacific plays an important role in the occurrence of ENSO. The mechanism to produce zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific is studied in this paper. It is shown clearly that zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific is closely related to the anomaly of East- Asian winter monsoon. Anomalous strong (weak) East-Asian winter monsoon can excite not only the westerly (easterly) anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific but also a cyc- lonic (an anticyclonic) circulation over the east of the Philip- pines. The above anomalous circulation results from dy- namical impacts of anomalous pressure pattern due to the East-Asian winter monsoon. Because there is westward (eastward) pressure gradient over the equatorial western Pacific, i.e. there is ?? xp 0), during strong (weak) East-Asian winter monsoon.

关键词： anomalous East-Asian winter monsoon dynamical im- pact the equatorial Pacific zonal wind.

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A Parameterization of Bowen Ratio with Respect to Soil Moisture Availability

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 1995年第4期12卷 449-474页

作者： Ye Zhuojia and Roger A. Pielke (institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 10002., china)(Colorado State University, department of atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, Colorado 8052., USA) institute of atmospheric Physics ChineseAcademyof Scienced Colorado StateUniversity Department of Atmospheric Science

The Bowen ratio (B) is impacted by 5 environmental elements: soil moisture availabillity, m, the ratio of resistances between atmosphere and soil pores, atmospheric relative humidity, h,atmospheric stability, △T, and enviD ronment temperature. These impacts have been investigated over diverse surfaces, including bare soil, free water surface, and vegetation covered land, using an analytical approach. It was concluded that: (a) B is not a continuous function. The singularity exists at the condition αhcb = h, occurring preferably in the following conditions f weak turbulence, stable stratified stability, dry soil, and humid air, where hcb, defined by Eq.(11) is a critical variable. The existence of a singularity makes the dependence of B on the five variables very complicated. The value of B approaches being inversely proportional to m under the conditions m≥mfc (the soil capacity) and / *** proportional coefficient changes with season and latitude with relatively high values in winter and over the poles; (b) B is nearly independent of during the day. The impact of m on B is much larger as compared to that of on B; (c) when h increases, the absolute value of B also increases; (d) over bare soil,when the absolute surface net radiation increases, the absolute value of B will increase. The impact of RN on B is larger at night than during the day, and (e) over plant canopy, the singularity and the dependdes of B on m,rα, and h are modified as compared to that over bare *** (i) during the daytime unstable condition, m exerts an even stronger impact on B; at night, however,B changes are weak in response to the change in m; (ii) the value of B is much more sensitive in response to the changes of turbulent intensity; (iii) the B response to the variation of h over a vegetation covered area is weaker; and (iv) the singularity exists at the condition hcp=h instead of αhcb=h as over bare soil, where hcp is defined by Eq.(49). The formulas derived over bare soil also hol

关键词： Bowen ratio parameterization Soil moisture availability Plant canopy

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Progress in studies of the climate of humid period and the impacts of changing precession in early-mid Holocene

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1459-1464页

作者： Jianbin Huang~a Shaowu Wang~a Xinyu Wen~a Bao Yang~b a department of atmospheric {2.,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china b Laboratory for Desert and Desertification,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute,Chinese Academy of {2.,Lanzhou 730000,china department of atmospheric {2. School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Laboratory for Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Studies on the climate of humid period and the impacts of changing precession in the early-mid Holocene are reviewed in this paper. High-resolution proxy data indicated that the African Humid Period,strong summer monsoon from the Arabian Sea to South Asia, northward migration of ITCZ (lntertropical Convergence Zone) over the northern South America,and the humid period of china appeared in 10.5-5.5 kaBP,10.0-6.0 kaBP,10.5 5.4 kaBP,and 11.0-8.0 kaBP,*** studies proved that summer inso- lation over the Northern Hemisphere increased following the changes of precession in the early Holocene,which increased the land-sea temperature contrasts,intensified the summer monsoon circulation in the Northern Hemisphere,and finally induced a humid climate over the area under the influence of summer ***,modeling results underestimated the increase of precipitation and the degree of northward extension of monsoon rain belt compared with palaeo-environmental *** discrepancies between the modeling results and the palaeo-environmental data may be associated with the changes of North Atlantic circulation,sea ice and veg- etation ***,climate of the humid period was not stable,in which several droughts were inlaid on centennial *** this review,perspectives for further studies of the climate change of the humid period in the early-mid Holocene are also proposed.

关键词： Holocene Humid period Precession Summer monsoon

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Preliminary results of a regional air-sea coupled model over East Asia

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第21期55卷 2295-2305页

作者： LI Tao ZHOU GuangQing institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

We have established a regional air-sea coupled model over East Asia and conducted a 2.-year integration to evaluate its performance in reproducing the present *** coupled model consists of RegCM3 and HYCOM controlled by the OASIS3 coupler with resuolution of 60 km for the atmosphere and 33 km for the ocean,*** some other regional air-sea coupled models,a one-way nesting method is employed in the oceanic component and a heat flux adjustment for solar radiation is used to remove an about 2.C cold bias in *** primary analysis for this 2.-year integration shows that the coupled model successfully reproduces the main features of the circulations over East Asia,both in the atmosphere and the ocean,including climatology,seasonal and interannual *** are seen in the coupled model compared to the uncoupled one,especially in the simulation of precipitation,the most important element of the East Asian monsoon,although there are still obvious discrepancies that come mainly from the model components *** analyses show that the rainfall simulation benefits from the enhancements of the Northwest Pacific Subtropical High in summer,which leads to the improvement of the moisture flux simula-tion at the middle-lower atmospheric *** results indicate that the regional air-sea coupled model is more suitable for the East Asia monsoon simulation.

关键词：海气耦合模式东亚地区空气西北太平洋副高大气环流海域耦合模型模拟降雨

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Variational iteration solving method of a sea-air oscillator model for the ENSO

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第2期17卷 230-232页

作者： MO Jiaqi, LIN Wantao and WANG Hui ( department of Mathematics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 2.1000, china Division of Computational Science, E-{2.s of Shanghai Universities, at SJTU, Shanghai 2.02.0, china LASG, {2. of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., china Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, china) department of Mathematics Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241000 China. Division of Computational Science E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities SJTU Shanghai 200240 China. LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China

A time delay equation for sea-air oscillator model is studied. The aim is to create an asymtotic solving method of nonlinear equation for the ENSO model. And based on a class of oscillators of ENSO model, employing the variational iteration method, the approximate solution of corresponding problem is obtained. It is proven from the results that the method of variational iteration method can be used for analyzing the sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific of the atmosphere-ocean oscillation for ENSO model.

关键词： Nonlinear problem, time delay, El Nino-Southern oscillator model variational iteration.

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大气斜压性与入海江淮气旋发展的个例研究

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海洋学报 2002年第S1期24卷 95-104页

作者：马雷鸣秦曾灏端义宏杜秉玉上海台风研究所上海200030 南京气象学院江苏南京210044

在详细分析 1 990年、1 993年 6月两个东海气旋入海发展的大尺度环境条件的基础上 ,利用倾斜涡度发展理论 (SVD)建立了风垂直切变与垂直涡度的联系 ,并进行了分析和验证 .结果表明 :在气旋入东海发展初期 ,其所在区域风垂直切变的增强... 详细信息

在详细分析 1 990年、1 993年 6月两个东海气旋入海发展的大尺度环境条件的基础上 ,利用倾斜涡度发展理论 (SVD)建立了风垂直切变与垂直涡度的联系 ,并进行了分析和验证 .结果表明 :在气旋入东海发展初期 ,其所在区域风垂直切变的增强有利于气旋发展 .另外 ,对高空急流与气旋发展的关系进行了探讨 ,伴随气旋发展高空西风急流强度有所增强 ,在气旋整个生命期中气旋位置有从高空急流入口区的南侧向出口区的北侧移动的趋势 .

关键词：倾斜涡度发展风垂直切变大气斜压性江淮气旋

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Research and application on the technology system of multi-scale assessment of the impact on the atmospheric environment by urban planning

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第Z2期48卷 173-184页

作者： WANG Guangtao, WANG Xiaoyun, MIAO Shiguang, JIANG Weimei, GUO Wenli, JI Chongping & CHEN Xianyan School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, china Ministry of Construction of china, Beijing 100044, china Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, china institute of Urban meteorology, china Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, china department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 2.0093, china School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Ministry of Construction of china Beijing 100044 China School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China institute of Urban meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China department of atmospheric {2. Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Beijing Meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China

Improvement of the atmospheric environment in urban planning is an important issue to implement the sustainable development of cities. In this paper, in order to meet the demand of planning office to compare and assess quantitatively of the designs in multi-scale, based on geographical information system (GIS) data with high resolution, a multi-scale numerical modeling system for the atmospheric environment impact of urban planning is set up, and the multi-scale assessment index system is established, which compose the technology system of multi-scale assessment of the impact on the atmospheric environment by urban planning. In urban planning (urban development of Beijing) and optimizing layouts of Olympic Green, it has been applied to quantitatively evaluating the impact on atmospheric environment by urban planning before construction, which offers scientific foundation to optimize the whole and local urban layout.

关键词： urban planning, atmospheric environment, multi-scale, numerical simulation, assessment index system.

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