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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 61-67页

作者： GAO Hui~(1,2., XUE Feng~1 WANG Huijun~1 1. institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of {2., Beijing 10002., china 2. department of atmospheric sciences, nanjing institute of meteorology, nanjing 210044. china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China nanjing Inst Meteorol Dept Atmospher Sci Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China

Both correlation analysis and case study indi-cate that Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is closely related withsummer rainfall in eastern china. When AAO is stronger inboreal spring, especially in May, there is more mei-yu rain-fall in summer with a longer period along the Yangtze andHuaihe River valley. In contrast, there is less rainfall with ashorter period corresponding to a weaker AAO. Besides, ananomalous AAO changes the position and intensity of severalcirculation systems, which are important to summer rainfallalong the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. Furthermore, theAntarctic sea ice is negatively correlated with the intensity ofAAO with a 6-month leading time. The result in this studyprovides a new method for the prediction of mei-yu.

关键词： Antarctic oscillation interannual variability mei-yu Antarctic sea ice.

Annual precipitation fields secular variation over global land areas for 1948—2.00

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第3期48卷 281-286页

作者： SHI Neng & CHEN Luweng department of atmospheric {2., nanjing institute of meteorology, nanjing 210044. china department of atmospheric {2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

The secular variation over the global land an-nual precipitation (GLAP) fields for 1948—2.00 is investi-gated. Evidence suggests that the GLAP abruptly reduced around 1978 and experienced a decrease of 0.54 mm/a, on average. Fuzzy clustering is used to group the annual pre-cipitation over commonly-used 36 latitudes belts into six belts for examining its secular variation. The results show that, except northern high-latitudes (60°—90°N) where it is slightly increased, the precipitation is decreased, especially in 35°N—35°S, and the diminution is the maximum of 0.98 mm/a at tropics. Moreover, identification of 1948—2.00 flood/drought years on a global basis is made, showing no-ticeable interdecadal variations. During the years of warm (cold) events the precipitation decreases (increases) by 15.4 mm (14.4 mm) per year, on average. It can be assumed that global warming and frequent ENSO occurrences from the end of the 1970s maybe serve as the root cause of the dimi-nution.

关键词：全球降水长期变化年降水 ENSO 陆地 1948-2.00年

Estimation of annual actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated land surfaces with conventional meteorological data

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第3期47卷 239-246页

作者： QIU Xinfa1, ZENG Yan2. MIAO Qilong1 & YU Qiang2.1. department of Geography, nanjing institute of meteorology,{2. 2. institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china department of Geography Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China Inst. of Geogr. Sci./Nat. Rsrc. Res. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Views diverge greatly on the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AE) and potential evapotranspiration (PE). Penman showed that AE is determined in intensity by PE and changes proportionally as a function of PE. In contrast, Bouchet indicated that AE deter-mines PE and varies inversely with PE. Based on nearly 30 years data from 432.weather stations and 512.hydrological stations in china, the two different theories, Penman抯 assumption and Bouchet抯 complementary relationship between AE and PE, were tested on nine river basins. With data integration technique, the complementary relationship between AE and PE was dis-played entirely. A general model to estimate the actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated surfaces by routine meteorological observations has been established on the basis of thorough analysis of the concept of PE. The results show that the calculations are all in error control of <10%, except for a few years over the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： complementary relationship of evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration.

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy and convection in the South china Sea and Indian monsoon regions in boreal summer

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1076-1084页

作者： CHEN Longxun 1 ,GAO Hui 2.,HE Jinhai 2.,TAO Shiyan 3 & JIN Zuhui 3 1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences,Beijing 100081,china 2.{2. institute of meteorology,{2. 210044.china 3.institute of atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 10002.,china Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing China nanjing institute of {2. Nanjing China Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing China

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy (KE) and convection in the South china Sea (SCS) and Indian summer monsoon areas are examined in present study. Results suggest that the SCS and Indian summer monsoon prevailed regions (5 —15°N) are dominated by the southwesterly wind, however, the disturbances of KE at 850 hPa and convection are observed mainly coming from the western Pacific Ocean (140—150°E), after passing through the SCS, and westward propagated into the Bay of Bengal (90—100°E). In the Indian summer monsoon domain, where the disturbances of KE are found mainly coming from the Arabian Sea (AS) and eastward propagated into the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the SCS and the Indian summer mon- soon are quite different in zonal propagation of KE and convection. The SCS summer monsoon is mainly affected by the KE and convection coming from the tropical western Pacific. The Indian summer monsoon, however, can be partly influenced by the AS and the SCS summer monsoon. The analysis also suggests that the interaction region between the SCS and the Indian summer monsoon is around 90—95°E, rather than 105°E as proposed by earlier studies.

关键词： zonal propagation of KE and convection, East Asian monsoon, Indian monsoon.

Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2. ZHOU Xiuji1 & GAO Shouting3 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, china 2. {2. of Space Information Science, nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, nanjing 210044. china 3. institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., china department of Environmental Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing China institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2. ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3 1. International Center for Climate and Environment sciences, institute of {2. Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, nanjing 210044. china 3. Beijing institute of Applied meteorology, Beijing 10002., china International Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Beijing institute of Applied meteorology Beijing China

A new 3DVAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3DVAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 2.-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 42. m reach 0.63℃ and 0.34 psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3DVAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

Computational properties of a new horizontal staggered grid

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1559-1568页

作者： LIU YudiState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, {2. of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., china {2. of meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, nanjing 2.1101, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Ph Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

This paper presents a new horizontal staggered grid (LE grid), which defines h at a gridpoint, and both u and v at the same mid-gridpoint along the x and y directions. A general method is used to deduce the dispersion relationships of describing inertia gravity waves on LE grid and Arakawa A―E grids, which are then compared with the analytical solution (AS) in re- solved or under-resolved cases, using two-order central difference or four-order compact differ- ence scheme from the frequency and group velocity. Results show that in both resolved and under-resolved cases, no matter whether two-order central difference or four-order compact dif- ference scheme is used, the frequency and group velocity discrete errors on LE grid in describing inertia gravity waves are smaller than those of Arakawa A―E grids. At the same time, it is only on LE or Arakawa grid C that the employment of a compact difference scheme of higher difference precision can improve their accuracy in describing inertia gravity waves. However, as for the other four grids (Arakawa A,B,D and E), when the difference precision increases, the accuracy of simulating inertia gravity waves decreases.

关键词： horizontal staggered grid, inertia gravity wave, LE grid, Arakawa A-E grid, compact difference scheme, central difference.

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS ON CHANGE OFAGRICULTURAL WATER CONSUMPTIONIN THE CHANGJIANG DELTA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 35-39页

作者： ZHANG Yong-qin1, MIAO Qi-long2. PENG Bu-zhuo1(1. department of Urban and Resources sciences, {2. University, {2. 2.0093, P. R. china 2. department of Environmental sciences, nanjing institute of meteorology, {2. 210044. P. department of Urban and Resources sciences Nanjing University Nanjing P. R. China department of Environmental sciences Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing P. R. China

ABSTRACT: The potential evapotranspiration of specific crops in the Changjiang Delta is calculated by using Pen-man-Monteith method, and an agricultural water consumption model in the area is developed on the basis of agricultural production situation. This model has higher precision compared with actual data and can reflect the actual status of agriculture water need. Considering the meteorological, hydrological, economical development situation of the Changjiang Delta, this paper calculates and analyzes the volumes of agricultural water consumption in 2.00, 2.10, 2.30 and 2.50 under different climate change conditions and different development speeds of urbanization in future. The result shows agriculture water demand increases with temperature rising and decreases obviously with cultivated area reducing. For the Changjiang Delta, the volume of agricultural water consumption in the future will less than that of present.

关键词： agricultural water consumption Changjiang Delta climate change impact

Numerical Modelings of the Climatic Effects of the Land-Sea Distribution and Topography

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 1996年第3期13卷 383-398页

作者：钱永甫王谦谦nanjing institute of {2. nanjing 210044 department of atmospheric {2. Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093

The effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the climatic properties are simulated rn this paper by use of a p- a incorporated coordinate system mode! in a zonal *** this paper we firstly discuss the statistical features of the model and find that the capability of the model is stable,with the same land-sea distribution and topography seven monthly mean climate states are close to one another,their variance is even less than the initial ***,we focally discuss the effects of the land-sea contrast and the topography on the modeled climate *** is pointed out that the land-sea contrast and the topography influence the atmosphere mainly through the heating ef-fect and the former has larger influences on the simulated large scale climate fields than the latter.

关键词： Climate modelings Land-sea contrast and topography

Covarying modes of the Pacific SST and northern hemispheric midlatitude atmospheric circulation anomalies during winter

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第10期18卷 1261-1270页

作者： Yimin Zhu~(a,b,*) Xiuqun Yang~a Qian Xie~b Yongqiang Yu~c ~a department of A tmospheric Science,nanjing University,nanjing 2.0093,china ~b institute of meteorology,PLA University of Science and Technology,nanjing 2.1101,china ~c LASG,institute of atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 10002.,china department of atmospheric Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China institute of meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 211101 China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The interannual-to-interdecadal relationship between the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and the northern hemispheric midlati- tude’s atmosphere represented by the circumpolar vortex was documented with the global oceanic and atmospheric reanalysis data of recent 50 *** covarying modes of the Pacific SST and northern circumpolar vortex anomalies during winter were examined using the sin- gular value decomposition and wavelet analysis *** is the interannual,ENSO-related mode and the other is the interdecadal, North Pacific SST-related mode with a period of around 2. *** two modes exhibit distinct spatial *** the interannual mode,the SST anomaly is characterized by a typical ENSO pattern with the principal signature in the tropical eastern Pacific and secondary one in the central North Pacific,while the atmospheric anomaly is regional,characterized by a Pacific-North American *** the inter- decadal mode,large SST anomaly is located in the central North Pacific,while the atmospheric anomaly is zonally global,associated with the midlatitute’s standing long-wave *** the central North Pacific is colder,the long-wave is stronger,and vice *** investigations suggest that the interdecadal mode could involve an interaction between "two oceans and an atmosphere".

关键词： Sea surface temperature atmospheric circulation ENSO Decadal variability