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Characteristics of fMRI BOLD signal and its neurophysiological mechanism

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 630-638页

作者： Zhao Xiaohu1,2. Wu Yigen3.and Guo Shengli3.1. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 3.0058, china 2. Imaging {2. of Tongji Hospital of Tongji university, Shanghai 2.0065, china 3. College of Mathematics and Physics, nanjing university of information Science and technology, nanjing 2.0044, china) College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Imaging department Tongji Hospital Tongji University Shanghai 200065 China College of Mathematics and Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast has emerged as one of the most potent noninvasive tools for mapping brain function and has been widely used to explore physiological, pathological changes and mental activity in the brain. Exploring the nature and property of BOLD signal has recently attracted more attentions. Despite that great progress has been made in investigation of the characteristics and neurophysiological basis, the exact nature of BOLD signal remains unclear. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of BOLD signals, the nonlinear BOLD response to external stimuli and the relation between BOLD signals and neural electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, we develop our new opinions regarding nonlinear BOLD response and make some perspectives on future study.

关键词： functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level dependent nonlinear response neural electrophysiological activity.

Magnetic mineralogy of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit: Implications for ore genesis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1192-1198页

作者： Xi Aihua1,2. Ge Yuhui1, Cai Yuanfeng2.and Zhang Xuefeng3.1. Faculty of Resources & Environment, Southwest Petroleum university, Chengdu 610500,{3. 2. State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research, {2. university, {2. 2.0093.{3. 3. department of Natural Resources & technology information,{3. university of Petroleum, Beijing 102.49,{3.) Faculty of Resources and Environment Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China department of Natural Resources and technology {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Pyrrhotite is one of the common ore minerals in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, but only monoclinic pyrrhotite is ferromagnetic at room temperature. X-ray and EPA analyses reveal that most pyrrhotite forming sideronitic texture in the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is monoclinic, but that in the massive ore is a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites. Differential thermal and magnetic- thermogravimetric analyses of massive ore indicate a magnetic transition and heat absorption at 3.0}℃, suggesting that this temperature is the thermomagnetic and phase transition point of pyrrhotite. For massive pyrrhotite ores heated at 400oC for 3. h and then quenched by cool water, the monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) transforms completely into the hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo). However, all the pyrrhotites resulting from slow cooling of the sample in air are mpo. These results indicate that transformation between hpo and mpo depends upon the cooling rate. Therefore, massive ores in this deposit might have been formed via rapid cooling of ore melts. On the other hand, it is significant to study the effect of the ratio of the magnetite in total ores on the genesis of magmatic Cu-Ni suphide deposits.

关键词： pyrrhotite magnetite genesis of Cu-Ni sulphide deposit Hongqiling.

Features of aerosol optical depth and its relation to extreme temperatures in china during 1980–2.01

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第2期30卷 33-45页

作者： HU Ting SUN Zhaobo LI Zhaoxin Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Scienceand Technology Nanjing 210044 China The department of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science andTechnology Nanjing 210044 China Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique CNRS France

Based on Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer （TOMS） monthly aerosol optical thickness （AOT） measurements in 1980–2.01 a study is made of space/time patterns and difference between land and sea of AOT 0.50 μm thick over china,which are put into correlation analysis with synchronous extreme temperature indices （warm/cold day and night）.Results suggest that 1） the long-term mean AOT over china is characterized by typical geography,with pronounced land-sea *** AOT has significant seasonality and its seasonal difference is diminished as a function of latitude.2. On the whole,the AOT displays an appreciably increasing trend,with the distinct increase in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and SW china,North china,the mid-lower Changjiang （MiLY） valley as well as the South china Sea,but marginal decrease over western/northern Xinjiang and part of South china.3. The AOT over land and sea is marked by conspicuous intra-seasonal and -yearly oscillations,with remarkable periods at one-,two-yr and more （as interannual periods）.4） Land AOT change is well correlated with extremely temperature ***,the correlations of AOT to the extreme temperature indices are more significant in Eastern china with 110 ° E as the *** high-correlation regions are along the Southern china coastline,the Loess Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,and even higher in North china Plain and the mid-lower Changjiang River reaches.5） Simulations of LMDZ-regional model indicate that aerosol effects may result in cooling all over china,particularly in Eastern *** contribution of aerosol change may result in more decrease in the maximum temperature than the minimum,with decrease of 0.11/0.08 K for zonal average,respectively.

关键词： aerosol optical thickness extreme temperature index space/time pattern trend correlation

Surface roughness and removal rate in magnetorheological finishing of a subsurface damage free surface

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第6期15卷 538-544页

作者： CHENG Haobo1*, WANG Yingwei2. FENG Zhijing1 and CHENG Kai3.1. State Key Laboratory of Tribiology, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china 2. {2. of Material Sciences, Changchun university of Science and technology, Changchun 13.02., china 3. Faculty of information and Engineering Systems, City Campus, Leeds LS1 3.E, UK) State Key Laboratory of Tribiology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China department of Material Sciences Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130021 China Faculty of information and Engineering Systems City Campus Leeds LS1 3HE United Kingdom

Based on computer-controlled optical surfacing, a new technique called magnetorheological finishing (MRF), is presented. The new technique combines the features of conventional loose abrasive machining with a wheel shaped polishing tool. The tool incorporates a host of features and has unprecedented fabricating versatility. The pre-polishing and fine polishing processes can be performed only by adjusting different parameters. The material removal function is studied theoretically and the results of simulation present a Gaussian distribution feature. Based on the established theoretical model, material removal rate experiments involving a parabolic mirror are designed and carried out to determine the effect of controllable parameters on size of the gap between the workpiece and the polishing wheel, rotating speed of the polishing wheel, concentration of volume fraction of non-magnetic particles and polishing time. Further experiments are carried out on the surface microstructure of the workpiece, the final surface roughness with an initial value of 10.98 nm reaches 1.2. nm root mean square (RMS) after 2. min of polishing. The subsurface damage experiment and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement on the polished surface can also verify the feasibility of the MRF technique.

关键词： magnetorheological finishing surface roughness computer controlled optical surfacing subsurface damage removal function.

Distribution characteristics of terrestrial heat flow density in Jiyang depression of Shengli Oilfield, East china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 804-812页

作者： GONG Yuling1,2. WANG Liangshu1, LIU Shaowen1, LI Cheng1, HAN Yongbing1, LI Hua1, LIU Bo1 & CAI Jingong3.1. department of Earth Sciences, nanjing {2., nanjing 2.0093. china 2. department of Exploration and information technology of East china Institute of technology, Fuzhou 3.4000, china 3. Earth Science Institution of Shengli Oilfield, Dongying 2.7015, china department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China department of Exploration and information {2. of East{3. Institute of {2. Fuzhou China Earth Science Institution of Shengli Oilfield Dongying China

Based on the geo-temperature data of 13.systematically continuous temperature log curves and 700 testing oil boreholes in Jiyang depression, Shengli Oilfield, and the measured thermal conductivities of 47 rock samples, the terrestrial heat flow densities of 114 boreholes of Jiyang depression and its surrounding areas are determined, including 13.of those data derived from systemically continuous temperature logging. The results show that Jiyang depression has a relatively high background heat flow with an average value (65.8 5.4) mW/m2. The lateral variation of heat flow in basin has negative correlation with basement depth. Moreover, heat flow of uplift areas with shallower basement is high, so are those of regions with volcanic rocks, and those of depression areas with deep basement are relatively low. The heat flow densities of different structural units of Jiyang depression can be summarized as follows: The average heat flow value of Zhanhua sag is (67.4 5.3. mW/m2. higher than that of the whole basin, that of Dongying sag is (66.0 6.1) mW/m2. and that of Chezhen sag is (65.1 3.7) mW/m2. It is apparent that these latter two values are approximate to the average value of the whole Jiyang depression, while the average value of Huimin sag is (63.65.0) mW/m2. lower than that of the whole basin. In fact, the basement depth and the distribution framework of uplift and depression areas are all controlled by the process of lithosphere extension. In addition, the distribution of volcanic rocks in basin is also relatively close to this extension geodynamic process. In summary, the distribution characteristics of terrestrial heat flow of Jiyang depression is determined by the Cenozoic tectono-thermal events of this region.

关键词： Jiyang depression, terrestrial heat flow, thermal conductivity.

Low-complexity distributed differential spacetime coding scheme for amplify-and-forward cooperative networks

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Science in china(Series F) 2009年第8期52卷 1418-1427页

作者： YU XiangBin1,2. BI GuangGuo3.& XU WeiYe4 1 College of information Science and technology, {2. university of Aeronautics and Astronautics, {2. 2.0016, china 2.department of Electronic Engineering, City university of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, china 3.National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast university, {2. 2.0096, china 4 department of Communication Engineering, {2. Institute of technology, {2. 2.1167, china College of information Science and technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China department of Electronic Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China department of Communication Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China

By introducing a space-time coding scheme based on amicable orthogonality, we develop a distributed differential space-time coding scheme with the amplify-and-forward （AF） method for wireless cooperative networks. The scheme requires no knowledge of the channel state {2. at both transmitters and receivers, and effectively decreases the realization complexity due to no channel estimation. Moreover, it has lower decoding complexity and higher coding advantage than the existing scheme, thus avoiding the shortcoming of exponential decoding complexity of some existing schemes. According to the pairwise error probability （PEP） analysis of the system, the power allocations of source and relay terminals are jointly optimized, and as a result, the PEP is minimized, which will provide a helpful guideline for system design. Numerical calculation and simulation results show that the developed scheme is superior to the existing scheme. Moreover, the scheme with optimal power allocation yields obvious performance improvement over that with equal power allocation.

关键词： differential space-time coding cooperative communication amplify-and-forward method power allocation

A Feedback-Based Web Search Engine

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2004年第5期9卷 561-568页

作者： ZHANG Wei-feng 1,2.3., XU Bao-wen 2.3.4 , ZHOU Xiao-yu 2.3.4 1. {3. of Computer Science and Engineering, nanjing {2. of Posts and Telecommunications, nanjing 2.0003. Jiangsu, china 2. {3. of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast {2., nanjing 2.0096, Jiangsu, china 3. Jiangsu Institute of Software Quality, nanjing 2.0096 Jiangsu, china 4. The State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan {2., Wuhan 43.072. Hubei, china department of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing Jiangsu China department of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Najing Jiangsu China Jiangsu Institute of Software Quality Nanjing Jiangsu China The State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China

Web search engines are very useful information service tools in the Internet. The current web search engines produce search results relating to the search terms and the actual information collected by them. Since the selections of the search results cannot affect the future ones, they may not cover most people’s interests. In this paper, feedback information produced by the user’s accessing lists will be represented by the rough set and can reconstruct the query string and influence the search results. And thus the search engines can provide self-adaptability. Key words WWW - search engine - query reconstruction - feedback CLC number TP 3.1. 13..4 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of{3. (603.3.66). National Grand Fundamental Research 973.Program of{3. (2.02.B3.2.0). Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering in Wuhan university, Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Computer information Processing technology in Soochow universityBiography: ZHANG Wei-feng (1975-), male, Ph.D. research direction: artificial intelligence, search engine, data mining, network language.

关键词： WWW search engine query reconstruction feedback

Influence of magnetic current on the ground state entanglement in an isotropic transverse XY chain

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1147-1151页

作者： Liu Dan1,2., Zhang Yong3.and Long Guilu1,2.1. Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular NanoSciences, and department of Physics, Tsinghua {3., Beijing 100084,{2. 2. Center of Quantum information Science and technology, Tsinghua National Laboratory for information Science and technology, Beijing 100084,{2. 3. Institute of Physics, School of Sciences, Beijing {3. of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876,{2.) Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular NanoSciences Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Center of Quantum information Science and technology Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084 China Institute of Physics School of Sciences Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

We study the ground state entanglement in a three-qubit XY chain under the influence of a magnetization current. It is found that the ground state changes from a W state to a disentangled state as the magnetic field varies. When the Lagrange multiplier λ>3. namely under a strong magnetic current, the ground state holds onto a W state for a large range of the magnetic field strength. A phase transition to the magnetization-current phase occurs under a certain condition.

关键词： Heisenberg-XY chain magnetic-current phase transition.

Discovery and analysis of ultra-micro grinding grain texture in slipping lamellae of ductile-brittle zone

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 265-271页

作者： GE Heping1, SUN Yan1, LU Xiancai1, ZHU Wenbin1, GUO Jichun1, LIU Deliang2.& Chi-yuen Wang3.1. department of Earth Sciences, nanjing {2., State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit, nanjing 2.0093. china 2. department of Earth and space Sciences, {2. of Science and technology of china, Hefei 2.002., china 3. department of Geology and Geophysics, {2. of California, Berkeley, CA 9472., USA department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University State Key Lab. of Mineral Deposit Nanjing 210093 China Dept. of Earth and space Sciences Univ. of Science/Technology of China Hefei 230026 China department of Geology and Geophysics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States

Based on the observation of the deep bore cores sampled from the State of Cali-fornia, USA, preferred arranged particulate concentration belts were found in the ultra-slipping lamellae. And the same phenomenon was found again later in the bore cores from the petroleum basin in the Northern Shaanxi Province. It may be the product of the dynamic processes involv-ing tumbling, grinding and compresso-shearing functions, so the spherical particulates with ul-tra-size of nm and mm are called grinding grain. The formation of the grinding grains is related with the ductile-brittle deformation, the lateral pressure of the slipping, and the very low grade of dynamic metamorphism of the rocks. Based on the systematic analysis, it is indicated that some elements like Nb and Ta are enriched in the grinding grains in the granitic rocks because of the chemical differentiation, and that the slipping lamellae bearing grinding grains in mudstone with smear efficiency prove a perfect seal for oil and gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, the paper provides bases for the studies on the fast stick-slip movement and shear paradigm.

关键词： slipping lamellae, grinding grain texture, ductile-brittle deformation, smear efficiency.