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The effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 535-547页

作者： Qian Yongfu department of atmospheric {2., Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0008, China Dept. of atmospheric sciences Nanjing Univ. Nanjing 21008 China. China

A modified and improved primitive equation numerical model with p-sigma incorporated vertical coordinates is used to simulate the effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties. The different sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are automatically generated in the time integrations by using two different SST models, one of which is called the deep ocean model (DOM) and the other the shallow ocean model (SOM). The SST generated by the DOM has the distribution pattern of the initial SST which is similar to the pattern in the cold water years over the western Pacific, while the SST generated by the SOM has the pattern similar to that in the warm water years. The differences between the experimental results by using DOM and SOM are analyzed in detail. The analyses indicate that the most basic and important characteristics of the summer monsoon climate can be simulated successfully in both experiments, that means the climatic properties in the monsoonal climate regions are mainly determined by the seasonal heating, the contrast between the land and the sea, the topography, and the physical properties of the underlying surfaces. However, the differences between the two experiments tell us that the climatic properties in the summer monsoon regions in the cold water year and the warm water year do differ from each other in details. In the warm water year, the thermal contrast between the land and the sea becomes weaker. Over the warm water area, the upward motions are induced and the dynamical conditions favorable for the convective activities are formed, the Somali low-level cross equatorial current is somewhat weakened, while the cross equatorial currents, east of 90°E, are strongly strengthened, the precipitation amount in the tropical regions largely increases, and the precipitation over the coastal regions increases, too. However the precipitation over the southeast China and its coastal area d

关键词： Sea surface temperature anomaly monsoon climate modelling computational models of SST

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Theorem of turbulent intensity and macroscopic mechanism of the turbulence development

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Science China Earth sciences 2007年第5期50卷 789-800页

作者： HU YinQiao1,2. CHEN JinBei3,4 & ZUO HongChao2.1 Gansu Province Key laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster, Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engi- neering Institute, Chinese Academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China 2.State Key Laboratory of {2. Boundary Layer Physics and {2. Chemistry (LAPC), Beijing 10002., China 3 {2. Science College, lanzhou university, lanzhou 73.000, China 4 Resource Environment department, lanzhou Agriculture university, lanzhou 730060, China 1. Gansu Province Key laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. State Key Laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Beijing 100029 China 3. atmospheric Science College Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 4. Resource Environment department Lanzhou Agriculture University Lanzhou 730060 China

Turbulence is one of the most common nature phenomena in everyday experience, but that is not adequately understood yet. This article reviews the history and present state of development of the turbulence theory and indicates the necessity to probe into the turbulent features and mechanism with the different methods at different levels. Therefore this article proves a theorem of turbulent transpor- tation and a theorem of turbulent intensity by using the theory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and that the Reynolds turbulence and the Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence are united in the theorems of the turbulent intensity and the turbulent transportation. The macroscopic cause of the development of fluid turbulence is a result from shearing effect of the velocity together with the temperature, which is also the macroscopic cause of the stretch and fold of trajectory in the phase space of turbulent field. And it is proved by the observed data of atmosphere that the phenomenological coefficient of turbulent in- tensity is not only a function of the velocity shear but also a function of temperature shear, viz the sta- bility of temperature stratification, in the atmosphere. Accordingly, authenticity of the theorem, which is proved by the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, of turbulent intensity is testified by the facts of observational experiment.

关键词： turbulence nonequilibrium thermodynamics linear thermodynamics atmosphere boundary layer Reynolds turbulence Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence

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Numerical study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第1期8卷 51-62页

作者： Du Jun and Yu Zhihao department of atmospheric {2., Nanjing university, Nanjing, China Dept. of atmospheric sciences Nanjing Univ Nanjing China. China

A five-layer primitive equation model was used in the study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea. The numerical simulations show that'the Tibetan Plateau, large-scale baroclinicity and heat flux from the sea surface are the three important agents to produce cyclonic vorticity along the east coast of China. The diagnostic computation of a 2. h control simulation indicates that the nonlinear vorticity advec-tion, baroclinicity and diabatic heating are also responsible for the development of the extratropical cyclones over seas.

关键词： Numerical study of rapid cyclogenesis over sea over

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High resolution stalagmite δ18O records over the past 1000 years from Dongge Cave in Guizhou

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Science Bulletin 2005年第10期50卷 1003-1008页

作者： HE Yaoqi1, WANG Yongjin1, KONG Xinggong1 & CHENG Hai2. 1. College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal university, Nanjing 2.0097, China 2. department of Geology and Geophysics, Minnesota university, Mineapolis MN 55455, USA College of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210097 China

Based on MC-ICP-MS U-series dating and stable O-isotope analysis results, a 4―5 years resolution monsoon record over the past 1000 years has been estab- lished for two stalagmites from Dongge Cave, Guizhou. The high resolution oxygen isotope record serves as a proxy for variations in rainfall of Asian southwest monsoon over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. A close relation of the δ 18O record with the ?14C record from tree rings largely reflects impact of centennial-scale solar activity on the monsoon climate changes. The conspicuous decrease in the δ 18O value at AD 172. indicates an abrupt increase in monsoon rainfall, sug- gesting that an atmospheric-oceanic couple over the tropical Indian Ocean plays an important role in rapid increase of the Northern Hemisphere temperature over the last century.

关键词： cave stalagmite oxygen isotope southwest monsoon solar activity Guizhou.

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Study of ozone “weekend effect” in Shanghai

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Science China Earth sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1354-1360页

作者： TANG WenYuan1↑, ZHAO ChunSheng1, GENG FuHai1,2. PENG Li2. ZHOU GuangQiang2. GAO Wei2. XU JianMing2.& TIE XueXi2.3 1 department of atmospheric Science, School of Physics, Peking {2., Beijing 100871, China 2.atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 2.0030, China 3 atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder CO 80301, USA 1. department of atmospheric Science School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China 2. atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau Shanghai 200030 China 3. atmospheric Chemistry Division NCAR Boulder CO 80301 USA

Analysis of observed ozone data in 2.06 from five monitoring sites (Xujiahui, Chongming, Baoshan, Pudong, Jinshan) in Shanghai reveals that ozone (O_3) concentrations in Xujiahui are higher at week-ends than those on weekdays, despite the fact that emissions of ozone precursor substances, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lower at weekends than those on weekdays. The possible chemical cause of ozone "weekend effect" is that NO_2.NO ratio increases at weekends by 2..61% compared with those on weekdays. In addition, because of an average 12.13% reduction in NOx (NO + NO_2. in the early morning (05:00-09:00) at weekends compared with that on weekdays, the ozone inhibition period ends 0.5 h earlier at weekends resulting in the longer duration of ozone accumulation and the higher ozone production rate. The rate of ozone production is a function of VOCs and NOx in the atmosphere. VOCs/NOx ratio in Xujiahui is 4.55 at weekends, and 4.37 on weekdays, belonging to the "NOx-limited". The increasing VOCs/NOx ratio at weekends leads to ozone enhancement from 73 ppbv to 80 ppbv, which are consistent with ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui. Furthermore, combining with MICAPS cloud amount data, the fact that ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui weakens gradually along with the increasing of cloud amount indicates that ozone photochemical production leads to ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui of Shanghai.

关键词： Shanghai ozone photochemical pollution "weekend effect"

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North Pacific sea ice cover, a predictor for the Western North Pacific typhoon frequency?

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Science China Earth sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1251-1257页

作者： FAN Ke Institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., China {2. of atmospheric Science, Yun-nan university, Kunming 650091, China 1. Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. department of atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

The relationship between the sea ice cover in the North Pacific and the typhoon frequency has been studied in this paper. It follows that the index for the sea ice cover in the North Pacific (ISA) both in December-January-February (DJF) and in March-April-May (MAM) is negatively correlated with annual typhoon number over the western North Pacific (TNWNP) during 1965―2.04, with correlation coeffi-cients of -0.42.and -0.49 respectively (above 99% significant level). Large sea ice cover in the North Pacific tends to decrease TNWNP. Positive ISA (MAM) is associated with the tropical circulation and SST anomalies in the North Pacific, which may lead to unfavorable dynamic and thermal conditions for typhoon genesis over WNP from June to October (JJASO). The variability of the atmospheric circula-tion over the North Pacific, associated with the ISA anomaly in MAM is connected to the tropical at-mospheric circulation variability in MAM via the teleconnection wave train. Besides, as the tropical circulation has strong seasonal persistency from the MAM to JJASO, thus, the ISA in MAM-related variability of the tropical atmospheric circulation as well as the SST can affect the typhoon activity over the western North Pacific.

关键词： typhoon sea ice cover North Pacific teleconnection

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Atmosphere-ocean interaction and teleconnection in the Northern Pacific during the cold season

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第4期11卷 537-546页

作者： Jiang Quanrong and J. M. Wallace 1. department of atmospheric {2., Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0008, China2. department of atmospheric sciences, university of Washington 98195, U. S. A.

On the basis of the idea in our work (Jiang and Wallace, 1991) , the horizontal structure of SST pattern, the atmospheric response to SST change and the atmospheric forcing of the ocean in the Northern Pacific during the cold season are discussed. The results show that PNA pattern is the most prominent normal mode in the atmosphere-ocean interaction in the Northern Pacific during the cold season.

关键词： Atmosphere-ocean interaction Cold season Pacific Ocean (northern) Temperature, sea surface

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Modeling the impact of Australian Plate drift on Southern Hemisphere climate and environment

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1495-1502页

作者： ZHOU Botao1,5, ZHAO Ping2. JIAN Zhimin3 & HE Jinhai4 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., China 2. Institute of Climate and Environment, Chinese Academy of Meteoro- logical sciences, Beijing 100081, China 3. Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji university, Shanghai 2.0092. China 4. department of atmospheric sciences, Nanjing Institute of Meteorol- ogy, Nanjing 2.0044, China 5. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China Institute of Climate and Environment Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China department of atmospheric {2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing 210044 China

Using a global atmosphere-ocean coupled model with the present-day and 14 MaB.P. oceanic topogra- phy respectively, two experiments are implemented to inves- tigate the effect of different locations of Australian Plate on the atmospheric circulation in middle-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that when Austra- lian Plate lay south at 14 MaB.P., both anticyclone circula- tions in the subtropical oceans and cyclone circulation around 60°-70°S are strengthened. Subtropical highs and circumpolar low pressure appear stronger, which results in much stronger Antarctic Oscillation and shorter period of Antarctic Oscillation Index (AOI) at 14 MaB.P. The rainfall and the surface air temperature also change correspondingly. The precipitation decreases around 40°S and increases around 60°-70°S, and the surface air temperature rises in high latitudes of the South Pacific and descends over the Weddell Sea and its north side. Besides, due to the changes of the temperatures and winds, Antarctic sea ice coverage also changes with its increasing in the Ross Sea and its west re- gions and decreasing in the Weddell Sea.

关键词：半球气候地球环球澳大利亚漂流物海洋地形学

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Numerical simulation of influence of the anomalies of theCentral-eastern Equatorial Pacific SST and Arctic seaice cover in summer on the atmospheric circulation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第3期11卷 401-411页

作者： Yang Xiuqun and Huang Shisong department of atmospheric {2., Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0008, China

A series of numerical experiments have been conducted with a perpetual July, nine-level general circulation spectral model to determine the effect of variation of the Arctic sea ice cover extent and the joint effect of anomalies of both the Arctic sea ice cover and the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature on the summer general circulation. Results show that the two factors,anomalously large extent of the Arctic sea ice cover and anomalously warm sea surface temperature over the Central-eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean, play substantially the equal role in the effect on the summer general circulation, and either of them can notably induce the atmospheric anomalies. The main dynamical processes determining the effect of the Arctic sea ice and the equatorial SST anomalies are associated with two leading teleconnection patterns, i. e. the Asia North/American and Eurasian patterns observed in atmosphere. The results presented in this paper again prove that the general circulation is fundamentally motivated by the non-uniform heating between the equator and the pole on the rotating earth.

关键词： Numerical simulation of influence of the anomalies of theCentral-eastern Equatorial Pacific SST and Arctic seaice cover in summer on the atmospheric circulation SST

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A study on dynamical features of air-sea coupling waves in the tropics

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第3期12卷 379-393页

作者： Yang Xiuqun and Huang Shisong department of atmospheric {2., Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0008, China

The dynamical features of air-sea coupling waves and their stabilities in a simple coupled air-sea model in the tropics have been studied with respect to interaction occurring among different types of the free waves in the o-cean and in the atmosphere. It is pointed out that there exist a stable and an unstable air-sea interaction modes in the tropical coupled system , respectively. The propagation of the unstable mode relies greatly on the zonal space scale, i. e. only for wave length ranging from 5 000 km to 10 000 km can the disturbance unstably move slowly eastward. The waves that slowly propagate unstably eastward agree well with the observational facts. Finally,it is also proposed that the interaction between Kelvin wave in one medium and Rossby wave in another medium is a necessary condition for the occurrence of destabilization of the coupled air-sea system in the tropics.

关键词： Air-sea interaction coupling waves features

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