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Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第5期47卷 393-404页

作者： JU Yiwen1.2. WANG Guiliang2. JIANG Bo2.& HOU Quanlin1.1. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0039, china 2. college of mineral resources and geosciences, china University of mining & technology, xuzhou 221.08, china Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Coll Mineral Resources & Geosci Xuzhou 221008 Peoples R China

The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (<5 km). The research on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine.

关键词： brittle deformation domain, interlayer gliding, ductile rheology, ductile shearing zones of coal seams, coal mymonite, vitrinite reflectance anisotropy.

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Calculation of maximum ground movement and deformation caused by mining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 562-569页

作者： LI Pei-xian1, 2. TAN Zhi-xiang1, 2. DENG Ka-zhong1, 2.1. Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, china University of mining and {2., xuzhou 2.1116, china 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering, china University of mining and {2., xuzhou 2.1116, china [a] Key Laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China [b] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

In order to know the maximum mining ground deformation of arbitrary surface point, directions of the maximum surface tilt, curvature,horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation caused by multi-working faces were deduced based on probability integral method. The distribution forms of surface deformations in all direction φ∈[0, {1.] were obtained and also equations of maximum deformations were given based on calculation of mining ground deformation in direction φ. A mining subsidence analysis system was developed with VB6.0. The system implements the probability integral mining subsidence prediction with direct integration method, and it can avoid errors of arbitrary shaped working face subdivision of traditional method, and accuracy of mining subsidence prediction can be improved with the direct integral method. The system implements the contour chart and profile chart and also data analysis automation by manipulation of the SURFER kernel function and it complements the defect of existing subsidence prediction software. Calculation of maximum deformations caused by multi-working faces mining in a coal mine of xuzhou, china was shown as application example. Engineering application indicates that maximum deformation of mining ground surface can be calculated and analyzed by the system. The research provides a theoretical basis and calculation tool for mining subsidence prediction and analysis.

关键词： mining subsidence probability integral method movement and deformation system development

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^(1.)C NMR spectra of tectonic coals and the effects of stress on structural components

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1418-1437页

作者： JU Yiwen1.2. JIANG Bo1. HOU Quanlin2. WANG Guiliang1.& NI Shanqin2.1. college of mineral Resource and {2., china University of mining and technology, xuzhou 221.08, china 2. Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, college of {2., Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0049, china 1. college of {1. Resource and {2. China University of Mining and Technology 221008 Xuzhou China 2. Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics College of Geosciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China

High-resolution 1.C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of different kinds of tectonic coals were obtained using the NMR (CP/MAS+TOSS) method. On the basis of this, after simulation synthesis and division of spectra, the relative contents of carbon functional groups were calculated. Combined with results of Ro, max, XRD testing and element analysis, stress effects on the composition of macromolecular structures in tectonic coals were studied further. The results showed that Ro, max was not only the important index for describing coal rank, but was also effective for estimating the stress effect of tectonic coals. Under tectonic stress ac- tion, Ro, max was the most direct indicator of the coal structure and chemical components. Changes in the stacking Lc of the coal basic structure unit (BSU) and La/Lc parameters could distinguish the temperature and stress effects on metamorphic-deformed environments, and re- flected the degree of structural deformation. Therefore, on the whole, Lc and La/Lc can be used to index of the degree of structural deformation of tectonic coals. In different metamorphic and de- formed environments, different kinds of tectonic coals are formed under structural stress. The changes in characteristics of the macromolecular structure and chemical composition are such that as the increase in structural deformation becomes stronger, from the brittle deformation coal to ductile deformation coal, the ratio of width at the half height of the aromatic carbon and ali- phatic carbon peaks (Hfa/Hfal ) was increased. As carbon aromaticity was raised further, carbon aliphaticity reduced obviously and different compositions of macromolecular structure appeared as a jump and wave pattern except for in wrinkle structure coal, which might result chiefly from stress effects on the macromolecular structure of different kinds of tectonic coals. The macro- moecular changes of wrinkle structure coal are reflected mainly on physical structure. In the metamorphi

关键词： tectonic coal, NMR, macromolecular structure, chemical component, stress effect.

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Discovery of seismites in Upper Sinian stratiform lead-zinc deposits in Dadu River valley, Sichuan, china: Implication for ore genesis

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1135-1146页

作者： LIN Fangcheng1.2.& PAN Guitang2.1. Geoscience college, Chengdu University of technology, Chengdu 61.059,{2. 2. Chengdu Institute of Geology and mineral resources, Chengdu 61.082.{2. 1. Geoscience college Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China 2. Chengdu Institute of Geology and {1. resources Chengdu 610082 China

A number of lead-zinc sulphide deposits have been discovered in recent years in dolo- mitic rocks of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Dadu River valley region, Sichuan Province, china. The lead-zinc {1.ization is closely associated with a black siliceous exhalite that has been traced over 50 km of strike. This makes Dadu River valley the most extensive stratiform non-ferrous sulphide horizon having been discovered to date in china. In a previous study by the first author (LIN), these deposits were recognised as belonging to the broad spectrum of lead-zinc sedimentary exhala- tive (SEDEX) deposits. In this paper, seismites and seismogenetic structures occurring in close association with the Dadu River valley {1.ized zone are described. The close spatial and temporal relationship between the seismites and {1.ization provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that the lead-zinc SEDEX deposits formed in direct response to earthquake activities around the Sinian-Cambrian boundary. The earthquakes are postulated to be an effective dynamic mechanism for triggering the upward migration of deep circulating ore fluids along synsedimentary growth faults and their exhalation onto the sea-floor to form the extensive deposits of stratiform lead-zinc sulphide ore.

关键词： seismites, earthquake, lead-zinc deposit, hydrothermal exhalation, Upper Sinian Dengying Age.

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Changes of infrared absorption wave number of aromatic-ring C=C bond of vitrinite and their significance

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第12期43卷 1048-1050页

作者： XIAO Jianxin 1.and CHEN Shanqing 2.1.{1. University of geosciences, Beijing 1.0083,{1. 2. Yichang Institute of Geology and mineral resources, Yichang 443003,{1. china University of {1. Beijing China Yichang Institute of Geology and mineral {1. Yichang China

The humilith series of lignite, longflame coal, gas coal, fat coal, coking coal, lean coal, meagre coal and anthracite are measured by FIR1.00 infrared spectrophotometer. The variation curve between the infrared absorption wave number of aromaticring C--C bond of vitrinite and its reflectance values are gained, which shows the shift of infrared absorption wave number of aromaticring C--C bond of humic coals towards lower wave number with the increase of coalification. It is believed that the coal rank of humilith series can be determined and more evolutional information about coal composition and structure can be obtained by the infrared spectroscopic method.

关键词： aromatic_nucleus C--C bond infrared absorption wave number vitrinite humic coal.

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Element geochemistry and cleaning potential of the No. 1. coal seam from Antaibao mining district

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2142-2154页

作者： WANG Wenfeng1. QIN Yong1. SONG Dangyu2. SANG Shuxun1. JIANG Bo1. ZHU Yanming1.& FU Xuehai1.1. {1. of resources & {2., china University of mining and technology, xuzhou 221.08, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and technology, Wuhan 430074, china 1. college of {1. & {2. China University of Mining and Technology 221008 Xuzhou China 2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China

Based on the analyses of sulfur and 41.other elements in 8 channel samples of the No. 1. coal seam from Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi, china and 4 samples from the coal preparation plant of this mine, the distribution of the elements in the seam profile, their geo-chemical partitioning behavior during the coal cleaning and the genetic relationships between the both are studied. The conclusions are drawn as follows. The coal-forming environment was probably invaded by sea water during the post-stage of peatification, which results in the fact that the contents of As, Fe, S, etc. associated closely with sea water tend to increase toward the top of the seam, and that the kaolinite changes into illite and montmorillonite in the coal-sublayer near the roof. These elements studied are dominantly associated with kaolinite, pyrite, illite, montmorillonite, etc., of which the As, Pb, Mn, Cs, Co, Ni, etc. are mainly associated with sulfides, the Mo, V, Nb, Hf, REEs, Ta etc. mainly with kaolintie, the Mg, Al etc. mainly with epigenetic montmorillonite, and the Rb, Cr, Ba, Cu, K, Hg, etc. mainly with epigenetic illite. The physical coal cleaning is not only effective in the removal of ash and sulfur, but also in reducing the concentra-tion of most major and trace elements. The elements Be, U, Sb, W, Br, Se, P, etc. are largely or partly organically bound showing a relatively low removability, while the removability of the other elements studied is more than {1.%, of which the Mg, Mn, Hg, Fe, As, K, Al, Cs, and Cr associ-ated mostly with the coarser or epigenetic minerals show a higher removability than that of ash. The distribution of the elements in the seam profile controls their partitioning behavior to a great degree during the coal cleaning processes.

关键词： Antaibao mining district, No.1. coal seam, element geochemistry, cleaning.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第10期47卷 896-911页

作者： ZHANG Changhou1,2. WU Ganguo1,2. WANG Genhou2. ZHANG Weijie2.& SONG Honglin2.1. Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics and Lithoprobing technology, china University of {2., Ministry of Education of china, Beijing 100083, china 2. School of Earth Sciences and mineral resources, china University of {2., Beijing 100083, china 1. Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics and Lithoprobing technology China University of Geosciences Ministry of Education of China 100083 Beijing China 2. School of Earth Sciences and {1. resources China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

The northwest trending tectonic belt in the middle part of the Mesozoic intraplate Yanshan Orogenic Belt, northeast Hebei Province, is composed of thrusts, extensional faults, strike-slip faults and syntectonic sedimentations as well. The northeastward basement-involved major thrusting deformation occurred between 1.4Ma and 1.8MaBP and was followed by an intrusion of the granitic plutonic rocks. As a part of the post-thrusting extensional deformations a northwest extending volcano-sedimentation system of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous formed in the southwest side of the belt. These volcano-sedimentary sequences are divided into Tuchengzi Formation, Zhangjiakou Formation, Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation re- spectively. They are characterized by southeastward migration as a result of the increasing down-dip slip displacement along the major extensional fault toward the southeast of the belt. The provenance area of the Jiufotang Formation north to it experienced southwestward thrusting during and after its later sedimentation. The thrusting in this stage resulted in the formation of an asymmetric footwall syncline with vergence to SW in the Jiufotang Formation in the NE side of the basin. Finally a dextral strike-slip deformation occurred along the NW tectonic belt. The striking tectono-geomorphological features and present seismic activities along this belt indicate that it has been being active since Cenozoic era and is still in the active state at present. This northwest extending tectonic belt was following the same direction and location as the existing fault systems within the basement as revealed by former geological and geophysical studies. So it is reasonable to infer the Mesozoic deformation along this belt to be a result of reactivation of the basement structures in a favorable tectonic stress field. The reactivation of basement struc- tures might be taken as one of the mechanisms of intraplate deformation and orogeny.

关键词： Yanshan Orogenic Belt, northwest extending tectonic complex, thrust system, geochronology.

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Architecture and application of integrated spatial information service platform for digital mine

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 706-711页

作者： ZHANG Jin1. XIAO Jie2.1. {1. of mining, Taiyuan University of {2., Taiyuan 03002., china 2. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, china Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Min Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geodesy & Geophys Wuhan 430077 Peoples R China

Using enterprise GIS platform, spatial databases and modern information technology, building geo-spatial information service platform of digital mine which has the features of the data exchange service, enterprise GIS services, directory services, logging services, is key technology and application infrastructure for digital mine. Based on the support of geospatial information service platform of digital mine, the professional GIS application service adapter can be developed and the application supports related to {2. application system can be realized. Using high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, the mine functional partition map and geographic grids can be divided, and the geographic grid parts, status and events of important features of the surface object were investigated and defined. The system architecture and technical characteristics of integrated spatial information service platform were analyzed firstly, which guarantee service ability of digital mine. The methods and applications of functional partition map for integrated management service platform were discussed which are the services scheme of digital mine. The application results indicated that digital mine upgrades and enhances the capability and range of mine surveying and mapping, and is of great significance for guarantee of efficient, green and intensive exploitation of mine.

关键词： platform architecture web services application services digital mine

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in china

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第2期21卷 153-199页

作者： Sheng-Shou HU the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina 不详

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in china({1.{1.) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in china. This section dissects cardiovascular risk factors in china which including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and air pollution. Hypertension prevalence has steadily increased in china,with efforts to control it facing challenges in achieving optimal rates, especially in rural areas. Interventions like salt substitutes and intensive blood pressure control show promise but need improvement. Abnormal lipid levels, indicative of dyslipidemia,have risen significantly, posing a risk for cardiovascular diseases. Despite efforts, many patients struggle to achieve target lipid levels, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Both type 1.and type {1.diabetes mellitus affect millions of adults in china,with long-term complications adding to the disease burden. Early intervention and effective management are crucial to mitigate its impact. Prevalent among older adults, chronic kidney disease is associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, necessitating comprehensive management approaches. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of risk factors, has increased in both adults and adolescents, calling for lifestyle modifications and public health interventions. Ambient and household air pollution remain significant environmental risk factors, despite some improvements in air quality. Continued efforts to reduce emissions are essential for mitigating associated health risks. Addressing these risk factors requires a multifaceted approach, including public health initiatives, policy interventions, and individual-level strategies to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce environmental exposures. Surveillance and research efforts are crucial for monitoring trends and developing effective strategies to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases in

关键词： landscape adding spite

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Description to wear debris boundaries by radar graph fractal method

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第16期52卷 2285-2290页

作者： LIU HongTao1.2.& GE ShiRong1.1.Institute of Tribology and Reliability Engineering,{1. University of mining & {2.,xuzhou 221.08,{1. 2.college of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,{1. University of mining & {2.,xuzhou 2.1.1.,{1. Institute of Tribology and Reliability Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 China

In this paper,radar graph fractal method is introduced to describe wear debris boundaries. Research results show that it is a nice way to describe wear debris boundaries. Since the longest axis is selected as the first coordinate axis,its center point selected as the center point of the radar graph,and the co-ordinate value of wear debris boundary selected as the measure parameter,the limitations existing in Yard fractal measure method can be avoided. For any wear debris,its radar graph fractal dimension value is one and only,and as the wear debris shape changes from round to strip,the radar graph fractal dimension value also changes from low to high,showing strong uniqueness and independence. Due to the fact that the researched wear debris is gotten in different wear states,the results also prove that radar graph fractal dimension value is correlated with frictional pairs work condition and wear state. Radar graph fractal method is compared with Yard fractal measure methods,and results show that ra-dar graph fractal dimension values gotten from different wear debris have enough value grads to avoid effect of errors,and provide higher sensitivity for wear debris shape. This paper also discusses the influencing factors for radar graph fractal method. With the increase of the decomposing degree value,the radar graph fractal dimension tends to keep stable at one certain value,showing the typical characteristic of the fractal theory. All this proves that radar graph fractal method is an effective description method for wear debris boundaries.

关键词：磨粒边界雷达图表分形法

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