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Series-based approximate approach of optimal tracking control for nonlinear systems with time-delay

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1571-1576页

作者： Gongyou Tang~a Mingqu Fan~(a,b) a college of information {2. and engineering,{4. University of china,qingdao 266100,china b college of information and engineering,Shandong University of {2. and Technology,Jinan 2.0031,china [a]college of information {2. and engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China [b]college of information and {2. Shandong University of Science and Technology Jinan 250031 China

The optimal output tracking control (OTC) problem for nonlinear systems with time-delay is *** a series-based approx- imate approach,the original OTC problem is transformed into iteration solving linear two-point boundary value problems without time- *** OTC law obtained consists of analytical linear feedback and feedforward terms and a nonlinear compensation term with an infinite series of the adjoint *** truncating a finite sum of the adjoint vector series,an approximate optimal tracking control law is obtained.A reduced-order reference input observer is constructed to make the feedforward term physically *** exam- ples are used to test the validity of the series-based approximate approach.

关键词： Nonlinear systems Time-delay Tracking control Optimal control Observer

Approximately optimal tracking control for discrete time-delay systems with disturbances

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2008年第2期18卷 225-231页

作者： Gongyou Tang a,,Huiying Sun b,Haiping Pang c a college of information {2. and engineering,{4. University of china,qingdao 266100,china b college of information and Electrical engineering,Shandong University of {2. and Technology,qingdao 2.6510,china c college of Automation and Electronic engineering,qingdao University of {2. and Technology,qingdao 2.604.2}china college of information {2. and engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China college of information and Electrical {2. Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266510 China college of Automation and Electronic engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China

Optimal tracking control (OTC) for discrete time-delay systems affected by persistent disturbances with quadratic performance index is considered. By introducing a sensitivity parameter,the original OTC problem is transformed into a series of two-point boundary value (TPBV) problems without time-advance or time-delay terms. The obtained OTC law consists of analytic feedforward and feedback terms and a compensation term which is the sum of an infinite series of adjoint vectors. The analytic feedforward and feedback terms can be found by solving a Riccati matrix equation and two Stein matrix equations. The compensation term can be obtained by using an iteration formula of the adjoint vectors. Observers are constructed to make the approximate OTC law physically realizable. A simulation example shows that the approximate approach is effective in tracking the reference input and robust with respect to exogenous persistent disturbances.

关键词： Discrete systems Time-delay systems Disturbances Optimal control Tracking control

Detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense using sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 2009年第2期28卷 121-126页

作者： CHEN Jie ZHEN Yu MI Tiezhu YU Zhigang college of Marine Life science Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China college of Environmental science and {2. Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China college of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China

Prorocentrum donghaiense is an important harmful algae bloom （HAB） causing creature in china＇s seas, and the conventional visual detection can not cope with long-term monitoring and highthroughput sampling projects. An assay for P. donghaiense with sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay （NPA-SH） was established. Tests with mixed samples and spiked field ones confirmed its good specificity and sensitivity. The cell number of P. donghaiense correlated well with the optical density, and the regression equation is y=4. 10^- 6x＋ 0.694.9, in which x is the cell number, and y is the optical density, with r2.0.953 5. These results show that the NPA-SH method has good feasibility in the detection of P. donghaiense. Results of NPA-SH and microscopy are excellent for each sample. The NPA-SH method was a simple way in quantitative detection of P. donghaiense, and the whole process could be finished in about six hours, which provided a new approach in high-throughput sampling and long-term monitoring of P. donghaiense.

关键词： Prorocentrum donghaiense ribosomal RNA S1 enzyme sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay (NPA-SH)

A thin-layer spectroelectrochemical study of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine at SnO_2.F film optically transparent electrode

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science china Chemistry 2004年第4期47卷 267-275页

作者： JIAO Kui1, YANG Tao2.& NIU Shuyan1,2.1. college of Chemistry and Molecular engineering, {2. University of science and Technology, {2. 2.604.0} china 2. college of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, ocean University of china, {2. 2.6003, china Correspondence should be addressed to Jiao Kui 1. college of Chemistry and Molecular engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China 2. college of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China

The electrooxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is dependent on the pH value of Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution. In this work, the electrooxidation behavior of TMB was investigated with a SnO2.F film optically transparent thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell. TMB underwent one two-electron electrooxidation process in the pH range from 2.0 to 4.0, and two successive one-electron electrooxidation processes in the pH range from 4.0 to < 7.0 in the B-R buffer solution. At pH 6.5, the electrooxidative product of TMB generated a subsequent chemical reaction to yield an azo compound. Several spectroelectrochemical techniques, such as thin-layer cyclic voltammetry, thin-layer cyclic voltabsorptometry, thin-layer potential-controlled electrolysis absorptometry, thin-layer single-potential-step chronoabsorptometry, thin-layer dou-ble-potential-step chronoabsorptometry, thin-layer single-potential-step open-circuit relaxation chronoabsorptometry, were applied to this investigation. The formal potential E0’ and the electron transfer number corresponding to the electrooxidation of TMB in B-R buffer solution, and the reaction rate constant of the subsequent chemical reaction were determined.

关键词： 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine tin oxide film optically transparent electrode thin-layer spectroelectro-chemistry electrooxidation

Investigation of 'chazi'(damaged-enamels)on Chenghua doucai Porcelains

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science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第6期52卷 1722-1729页

作者： DU Feng1 & SU BaoRu2.1 Institute of Chemistry & Molecular engineering,qingdao University of {2. & Technology,qingdao,china 2.college of information {2. & Technology,qingdao University of {2. & Technology,qingdao,china Institute of Chemistry & Molecular engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China college of information {2. & Technology Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao China

At the end of the 1950s,Sun Yingzhou considered that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on Chenghua doucai imperial porcelain as a defect was originally produced in firing process during Chenghua period(14.5―14.7).Researchers in china have accepted his *** any fragment with the 'chazi' has never been found in several tons of Chenghua imperial sherds excavated from Ming imperial kiln site in *** china,few scholars have questioned the formation of 'chazi',and further investigated *** researchers at the Research Laboratory in the British Museum,employing unde-structive EDXRF,have analyzed the chemical composition of the 'chazi'(damaged colour)on a Chen-ghua doucai stem cup in the museum,and they have confirmed that the 'chazi'(damaged colour)was caused by the fire of the Jianfu palace in the Forbidden City in *** on their research,the authors studied the colour chemical principle of the 'chazi's' formation *** to the ceramic technology principle,scientific reasoning for the 'chazi' was carried *** the help of the history of Qing court,the brainteaser of the 'chazi' was totally uncovered,the misunderstanding for the 'chazi' has also been *** research also suggests that employing modern {2. and technology is a direction to study Chinese ancient ceramic further.

关键词： Chenghua doucai porcelains court eunuchs the set on fire at the Jianfu palace ’chazi’(damaged-enamels) the British Museum colour chemical principle archaeology using science and technology

Further study of sources of the imported cobalt-blue pigment used on Jingdezhen porcelain from late 13 to early 15 centuries

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science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第3期51卷 249-259页

作者： DU Feng1 & SU BaoRu2.1 Institute of Chemistry & Molecular engineering, qingdao University of {2. & Technology, qingdao 2.6000, china 2.college of information {2. Technology, qingdao University of {2. & Technology, qingdao 2.6000, china Institute of Chemistry & Molecular engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266000 China college of information {2. Technology Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266000 China

Based on the conclusion of modern scientific analysis: the cobalt-blue pigment applied on Jingdezhen official porcelain during Yuan Dynasty and prior to Xuande reign of Ming Dynasty (12.1―14.0}) contains high iron and low manganese con- tents, and the cobalt during Xuande and after Xuande periods (after 14.0}) of Ming Dynasty contains high manganese and low iron contents, in combination with the traditional archaeological method, the related historical textual records were in- vestigated and analyzed, the imported cobalt employed on Jingdezhen official porcelain was studied comprehensively, systematically and logically. In fact, 'Su Ma Li Qing' (Samarra-blue) and 'Su Bo Ni Qing' (Sumatra-blue) are definitely different cobalt ores originated in different places, because of their very similar translitera- tions in Chinese, the confusion has appeared in ancient books for more than 4.0 years, which considered 'Su Ma Li Qing' and 'Su Bo Ni Qing' as the same co- balt-blue pigment. In this article the mistake was corrected, the possible producing places and the approximate eras of the two pigments imported to china and used at Jingdezhen were also suggested.

关键词： imported cobalt-blue pigments employed on official blue-and-white porcelain Yuan Dynasty early Ming Dy- nasty Mn/Fe content ratio Su Ma Li Qing (Samarra-blue) Su Bo Ni Qing (Sumatra-blue) scientific archae- ological research transliteration

Ancient Changjiang channel system in the East china Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1972-1978页

作者： LI Guangxue1,2. LIU Yong1, YANG Zigeng3, YUE Shuhong4. YANG Wenda5 & HAN Xibin1 1. college of Marine Geo-science, {2. University of{4., qingdao 2.6003,{4. 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Sea Floor Resource and Exploration Technique, qingdao 2.6003,{4. 3. qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, qingdao 2.6071,{4. 4. college of Marine Environment, {2. University of{4., qingdao 2.6003,{4. 5. First Survey Team of Marine Geology, Shanghai Bureau of Petroleum, Shanghai 2.12.8,{4. 1. college of Marine Geo-science Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Sea Floor Resource and Exploration Technique 266003 Qingdao China 3. qingdao Institute of Marine Geology 266071 Qingdao China 4. college of Marine Environment Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China 5. First Survey Team of Marine Geology Shanghai Bureau of Petroleum 201208 Shanghai China

Based on the data of high-resolution seismic profiles, an ancient river channel sys-tem of the last glaciation occurred along the Zhedong and Xihu depression in the southeast of Hupijiao rise. The distribution of the channel fill system shows that the ancient Changjiang River went through the Changjiang depression into the low land plain of the outside continental shelf during the low sea level cycle of the last glaciation. The big channel fill into Okinawa Trough is not found due to the depletion of the river kinetic energy in the low land plain. The river discharge dispersal was of an important role to the dilution of the northern Okinawa Trough sea at that time. Six ancient river channel systems (A―F), which are main distributaries of ancient Changjiang in the East china Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation, may be buried off the modern Changjiang estuary. The distribution of these channels coincides with the zonal elevations in the sea floor.

关键词： last glaciation, continental shelf plain, Changjiang River, ancient channel fill

Modeling of suspended sediment transport with wave-induced longshore current in Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta

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Acta oceanologica Sinica 2009年第3期28卷 65-74页

作者： LI Changliang LIANG Bingchen ZHANG Jing college of Petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum（East China） Qingdao266555 China engineering college Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China

A three-dimensional suspended sediment model （SED） developed by the present authors is coupled with the combinatorial model of COHERENS （Luyten et al., 1999）（the three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamical-ecological model for Regional and Shelf Seas） and SWAN （Holthuijsen et al., 2.04. （the third generation wave model）. SWAN is regarded as a subroutine of COHERENS and gets time- and space-varying current velocity and surface elevation from COHERENS. COHERENS gets time- and space- varying wave relevant parameters provided by SWAN. Effects of wave on current are applied in bottom shear stress, wave-induced depth-dependent radiation stress and surface drag coefficient calculation. At the same time, the damping function of suspended sediment on turbulence is introduced into COHERENS. So the sediment model SED has feedback on circulation model COHERENS. The SED obtains current associated parameters from COHERENS. Then a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment model COHERENS-SED being able to account for interaction between wave and current is obtained. COHERENS-SED is adopted to simulate three-dimensional suspended sediment transport in the Huanghe River delta. In terms of simulation results, there is obvious difference between top and bottom layer of wave-induced longshore current. The values of time series of sediment concentration gotten by COHERENS-SED have, generally, an accepted agreement extent with measurement. Significant wave heights and wave periods obtained by COHERENS-SED show that wave simulation case with currentts effect can give better agreement extent with measurement than case without current＇s effect. In the meantime, suspended sediment concentration distributing rule obtained by COHERENS-SED is similar to former researches and measurement.

关键词： Huanghe River delta suspended sediment wave-induced longshore current COHERENS SWAN COHERENS-SED

A maximum entropy distribution for wave heights of non-linear sea waves

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1318-1326页

作者： Zhou Liangming1, Xu Delun1, Wang Aifang1, Chen Zhengshou2.and Yan Xiuhua1(1. Physical oceanography Laboratory, ocean University of{2.,{4.,china 2.engineering college, ocean University of{2., qingdao 2.6071,{2.) Physical oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100China 2.engineering college Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China

Based on the maximum entropy principle,a probability density function (PDF) for the zero-crossing wave height (H) of random waves is derived as the simple form fn(H)=αHγe-βHn (n is a selectable positive integer) through solving a variational problem subject to some quite general constraints. This PDF maximizes the information entropy of H, and its parameters α, γ and β are expressed explicitly in terms of the distribution moments m, m=1,2.…,n, so it is well competent for describing the distribution of H of nonlinear sea waves with large uncertainty, and its parameters can be simply determined from available data. Comparisons between the PDF with n=3 and n=4.and the observed distributions of H from wave records measured in the East china Sea and in a wind-wave tunnel show fairly satisfying agreements.

关键词： sea waves the maximum entropy principle probability density function