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Runoff of the upper Yellow River above Tangnag: characteristics, evolution and changing trends

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2001年第3期11卷 297-304页

作者： LAN Yong-chao1, KANG Er-si1, MA Quan-jie2. ZHANG Ji-shi1, CHEN Ren-sheng1 (1. cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute, CAS, lanzhou 730000, china 2. Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of the Upper Yellow River Basin, L cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute CAS Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of the Upper Yellow River Basin

Runoff and its evolution, based on hydrometeorological data from surface measurement stations, are analyzed for the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag. Some mathematical statistical models, for example, Period Extrapolation-Gradual Regression Model, Grey Topology Forecast Model and Box-Jinkins Model, are applied in predicting changing trends on the runoff. The analysis indicates that the runoff volume in the upper Yellow River above Tangnag is ending a period of extended minimum flows. Increasing runoff is expected in the coming years.

关键词： runoff upper Yellow River trend forecast

Bioremediation of Oil Spills in cold Environments: A Review

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 371-381页

作者： YANG Si-Zhong JIN Hui-Jun WEI Zhi HE Rui-Xia JI Yan-Jun LI Xiu-Mei YU Shao-Peng State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） lanzhou institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China） Department of Geography Harbin College Harbin 150086 （China）

Oil spills have become a serious problem in cold environments with the ever-increasing resource exploitation, transportation, storage, and accidental leakage of oil. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are used to recover spilled oil from the environment. Bioremediation is a promising option for remediation since it is effective and economic in removing oil with less undue environmental damages. However, it is a relatively slow process in cold regions and the degree of success depends on a number of factors, including the properties and fate of oil spilled in cold environments, and the major microbial and environmental limitations of bioremediation. The microbial factors include bioavailability of hydrocarbons, mass transfer through the cell membrane, and metabolic limitations. As for the environmental limitations in the cold regions, the emphasis is on soil temperatures, freeze-thaw processes, oxygen and nutrients availability, toxicity, and electron acceptors. There have been several cases of success in the polar regions, particularly in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. However, the challenges and constraints for bioremediation in cold environments remain large.

关键词： bioremediation cold environments freeze-thaw processes frozen soils oil spills

A new interpolation method for Antarctic surface temperature

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1843-1849页

作者： Yetang Wang~(a,b),Shugui Hou~(b,c,*) a Monitoring Centre of Ocean Environment of Shandong Province,Yantai 2.4006,china b State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,cold and {2. regions environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese academy of sciences,lanzhou 73000,china c MOE,Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development,School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 2.0093,china [a]Monitoring Centre of Ocean Environment of Shandong Province Yantai 264006 China [b]State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73000 China [c]MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

We propose a new methodology for the spatial interpolation of annual mean temperature into a regular grid with a geographic resolution of 0.01°for Antarctica by applying a recent compilation of the Antarctic temperature data.A multiple linear regression model of the dependence of temperature on some geographic parameters(i.e.,latitude,longitude,and elevation) is proposed empirically,and the kriging method is used to determine the spatial distribution of regional and local deviations from the temperature calculated from the multiple linear regression *** modeled value and residual grids are combined to derive a high-resolution map of surface air temperature. The performance of our new methodology is superior to a variety of benchmark methods(e.g.,inverse distance weighting,kriging, and spline methods) via cross-validation *** simulation resembles well with those distinct spatial features of surface temperature,such as the decrease in annual mean surface temperature with increasing latitude and the distance away from the coast line; and it also reveals the complex topographic effects on the spatial distribution of surface temperature.

关键词： Surface temperature DEM Antarctica

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大规模引水隧洞群施工方案三维有限元分析

水力发电学报 2004年第6期23卷 83-87页

作者：张志强李宁徐彬西安理工大学岩土所西安710048

应用奥地利大型岩土工程数值仿真分析软件FINAL[1],对马来西亚BAKUN水电站8条引水隧洞的三种开挖顺序进行了模拟施工过程的三维有限元仿真分析。通过分析,评价了引水隧洞施工期围岩稳定性与支护结构安全性,评价了锚喷结构的支护效果,最... 详细信息

应用奥地利大型岩土工程数值仿真分析软件FINAL[1],对马来西亚BAKUN水电站8条引水隧洞的三种开挖顺序进行了模拟施工过程的三维有限元仿真分析。通过分析,评价了引水隧洞施工期围岩稳定性与支护结构安全性,评价了锚喷结构的支护效果,最终得到了三种方案中最优的开挖顺序,对于类似工程的设计具有指导与借鉴意义。

关键词：水工隧洞开挖顺序有限元分析围岩稳定性大规模

A Leguminous Shrub (Caragana microphylla) in Semiarid Sandy Soils of North china

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Pedosphere 2006年第3期16卷 319-325页

作者： ZHANG Tong-Hui SU Yong-Zhong CUI Jian-Yuan ZHANG Zhi-Hui CHANG Xue-Xiang cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 （China）

Caragana microphylla Lam., a pioneer leguminous shrub species for vegetation re-establishment, is widely distributed in the semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands of the Horqin region. Some soil chemical and physical properties were measured under the canopy of C. microphylla and in the adjacent open areas to determine the effects of individual shrubs on soil properties. The influence of isolated C. microphylla on chemical and physical properties of the topsoil was significantly different between plots under the shrub canopy and in the shrub interspaces. Beneath the shrub canopy greater amounts of fine particle fractions, a higher water-holding capacity, and a lower bulk density, as well as higher aboveground and belowground litter biomass were found. Soil organic C and total N concentrations were 2.%-31.6% and 14%-2..2. higher under the shrub canopies than in the shrub interspaces, respectively, giving rise to 'islands of fertility'. In a desertified sandy grassland ecosystem, C. microphylla was believed to play a major role in organic C sequestration, N accumulation, and the hydrologic cycle. Additionally, it has been found to be of ecological importance for vegetative restoration and reversal of desertification.

关键词： Caragana microphylla Lam. degraded sandy grassland soil chemical properties soil physical properties

Sap-flow measurement and scale transferring from sample trees to entire forest stand of Populus euphratica in desert riparian forest in extreme arid region

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research in cold and {2. regions 2009年第3期1卷 258-266页

作者： JianHua Si 1, Qi Feng 1, HaiYang Xi 1, ZongQiang Chang 1, YongHong Su 1, Kai Zhang 1,2.1. cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou, Gansu 730000, china. 2. institute of arid Meteorology, china Meteorological Administration, lanzhou, Gansu 73002., china. cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Understanding how the transpiration of this vegetation type responds to environmental stress is important for determining the wa-ter-balance dynamics of the riparian ecosystem threatened by groundwater depletion. Transpiration and sap flow were measured using the heat-pulse technique. The results were then projected up to the stand level to investigate the stand’s water-use in relation to climate forcing in the desert riparian forest in an extreme arid region. This study took place from April through October 2.03 and from May through October 2.04. The experimental site was selected in the Populus euphratica Forest Reserve (101o10' E, 41o59' N) in Ejina county, in the lower Heihe River basin,{2.. The sapwood area was used as a scalar to extrapolate the stand-water consumption from the whole trees’ water consumption measured by the heat-pulse velocity recorder (HPVR). Scale transferring from a series of individual trees to a stand was done according to the existing natural variations between trees under given environmental conditions. The application of the biometric parameters available from individual tree and stand levels was proved suitable for this purpose. A significant correlation between the sapwood area and tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was found. The prediction model is well fitted by the power model. On the basis of the prediction model, the sapwood area can be cal-culated by DBH. The sap-flow density can then be used to extrapolate the stand-water use by means of a series of mathematical models.

关键词： sap flow heat-pulse technique sapwood area scale transferring extreme arid region Populus euphratica

THE ECOLOGICAL SERVICE FUNCTION OF china'S DESERT ECOSYSTEMS

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THE ECOLOGICAL SERVICE FUNCTION OF CHINA'S DESERT ECOSYSTEMS

The role of social resource of indigenous people in local ecological resource management in china: A preliminary case in Zhangye, Northwestern china

第三世界生态高峰会

作者： Yang Liwen Shapotou Desert research &Experiment Station,cold and {2. regions environmental and engineering research institute,Chinese academy of sciences.lanzhou 730000,{12.

arid land covers 41 percent of the earth,and desert is the main component of the arid *** desert ecosystem is the result of interactions between biology and environment under arid *** as the forest,marsh,cropland,grassland and ocean ecosystems,the desert ecosystem is an important part of the natural ecosystems and it plays a vital role in maintaining the earth ecological health and safety. However,we knew little about it,especially the knowledge of ecological service value and function in comparison with the other *** situation limits not only the correct evaluation of the earth ecosystem,but also restricts the social and economic development of the desert *** addition,it delays the integrative process of the *** is the biggest developing country in the world,and her desert ecosystems are disturbed frequently and severely by the people's *** desert ecosystems' healthy and sustainable development significantly influences china's development and *** this paper,we analyzed the distribution patterns of the unique bio-diversity resources and then discussed the functioning mechanisms of the desert ecosystems in ***,the paper explored the relations of the desert ecosystem's service function with a series of ecological and environmental problems such as desertification,global climate changes and social and economic *** author thinks that the desert ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of the earth carbon cycle and reversing the process of desertifieation development and therefore should pay much attention to protect the desert ecosystem in china.

关键词： THE ECOLOGICAL SERVICE FUNCTION OF china'S DESERT ECOSYSTEMS

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research in cold and {2. regions 2009年第3期1卷 277-285页

作者： YuWen Li 1,2. ZhongMin Xu 1, HuaiWen Cheng 1 1. Laboratory of Watershed Hydrology and Ecology, cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 730000, china. 2. Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, china. Laboratory of Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research

Social resources of indigenous people are valuable wealth, including the social norms, the relational network, belief, attitude as well as the social system which is accumulated from generation to generation. Those social resources are very important for local ecological resource management, which can help diffuseness and communion of skills and traditional conservation techniques for conserving and restoring the ecological sites. Social capital is one indicator of social resources, which is accepted widely. In order to investigate the role of social resources of indigenous people in local ecological resource management, the authors studied the relation between social capital of indigenous people and local ecological resource management, taking Zhangye City as an exam-ple. In this paper, social capital of indigenous people is quantified by constructing social capital index, composed of structural so-cial capital and cognitive social capital; local ecological resource management is quantified by constructing 'Grain for Green Pro-ject' performance index. Based on correlation analysis approach and logistic regression analysis approach, the authors analyzed the relation between social capital and 'Grain for Green Project' performance index, as well as the relations between 'Grain for Green Project' performance index and other factors such as per capita net income, medical treatment and so on. Results showed that the correlation between social capital and 'Grain for Green Project' performance index was positive, the coefficient was 0.761, with P2. 1.039 and 1.005 units, respectively.

关键词： social capital Grain for Green Project ecological resource management Zhangye City

The Protection Policy of Eco-environment in Desertification Areas of Northern china:Contradictions and Countermeasures

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第3期35卷 133-134页

作者： Ma Yonghuan cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute,Chinese academy of sciences,2.0 Dong Gang West Road,lanzhou 730000,People’s Republic of china.mayonghuan2.OO@sina.com.cnFan Shengyue cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research institute,Chinese academy of sciences,2.0 Dong Gang West Road,lanzhou 730000,People’s Republic of china.syfan@***

中国北方沙漠化土地以其广泛的分布和迅速发展构成了区域环境和社会经济发展的丰题。截止2.00年，中国北方沙漠化土地面积达3．857×10^5km^2.并且正以每年3595km^2.速度住扩展。为了遏制不断恶化的生态环境，中国政府曾诉诸丁生物技... 详细信息

中国北方沙漠化土地以其广泛的分布和迅速发展构成了区域环境和社会经济发展的丰题。截止2.00年，中国北方沙漠化土地面积达3．857×10^5km^2.并且正以每年3595km^2.速度住扩展。为了遏制不断恶化的生态环境，中国政府曾诉诸丁生物技术措施和工程措施，但收效甚微。2.世纪90年代末，中央政府在陕北看到了退耕还林（草）和封山绿化对保护生态环境的作用，于是节约用水、退耕还林（草）、禁牧以及移民搬迁等生态保护政策便成为中国沙漠化地区生态环境治理的主要内容。但由于生态保护政策与保护生态环境的现实产生了一系列的矛盾，并没有改变牛态环境局部治理、整体恶化的态势。

关键词：保护生态环境环境保护政策沙漠化地区中国北方矛盾退耕还林(草) 2.世纪90年代生态环境治理