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Ecological rebuilding and land reclamation in surface mines in Shanxi Province, china

Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 486-497页

作者： MIAO Ze wei 1, BAI Zhong ke 2. GAO Lin 1 (1. research Center for Eco environmental {2., chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100085, china E\|mail: miaozewei@*** 2. Department of Soil Science, Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu, 03 中科院生态环境研究中心北京 1 0 0 0 85 山西师范大学山西临汾 0 3 0 80 1

It is well known that the mining industry produces a large amount of derelict land, and causes pollution of water loss and soil erosion as well as other environmental damage in china. As land is under pressure in china, it is now policy to restore or reclaim land despoiled by mining, the aim being to develop sustainable and healthy arable land ecosystems. This paper outlines the principles and approaches of ecological restoration, which have been adopted in Shanxi Province with reference to three typical surface mines. In the research, the principles of ecological engineering and ecological succession are considered as the critical theories of ecological restoration in mine degraded land. Meanwhile, the paper made a comparative research on main links of ecological rebuilding in three surface mines in Shanxi Province, which include new land construction, treatment of toxic substances, control of soil erosion, fertility management, irrigation, ecological planning and the establishment of legislation systems. As the research demonstrated, for successful restoration, new land construction is the fundamental framework, but it must be integrated with ecological engineering including ecological planning, the control of soil erosion and vegetation establishment and ecosystem creation in order to optimise land productivity and soil fertility. In addition, the establishment of the legislation systems and organization of administration are also indispensable aspects of ecological rebuilding in mined land.

关键词： ecological restoration land reclamation open-pit mine

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Lack of nano size effect on electrochemistry of dopamine at a gold nanoparticle modified indium tin oxide electrode

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第8期53卷 1778-1783页

作者： HUANG RongFu & GUO Liang-Hong State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology research Center for Eco-environmental sciences,chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china 1. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology research Center for Eco-environmental {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Nanometer sized materials have been shown to possess excellent chemical and electrochemical catalytic *** this work,a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was employed for investigating its electro-catalytic *** was deposited on the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified ITO electrode by self-assembly,and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic *** the electrochemical reaction of dopamine was very sluggish on the ITO/APTES electrode,it was significantly enhanced after AuNP *** cyclic voltammogram exhibited apparent dependence on the surface coverage of 11 nm AuNPs,which could be rationalized by different modes of mass *** the different sizes of AuNP investigated,the lowest anodic peak potential was observed on 11 nm ***,the potential was still about 50 mV more positive than that obtained on a bulk gold electrode of similar *** is therefore concluded that there is no nanometer size effect of AuNP modified ITO on the electrochemistry of dopamine.

关键词： gold nanoparticle dopamine electrocatalysis indium tin oxide

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A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2010年第3期22卷 321-327页

作者： Hanwen Liang, Min Gao, Junxin Liu, Yuansong Wei, Xuesong Guo research Center for Eco-environmental {2., chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100085, china. [a] research Center for Eco-environmental {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids （SS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4＋-N, total nitrogen （TN）, and total phosphorus （TP）. The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4＋-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory. The C/N ratio in the raw wastewater was often less than 3.5, and the removal efficiency of TN was therefore limited. A carbon-release batch experiment was carried out to measure the feasibility of enhancing denitrification at low influent C/N ratios. The result showed that the C/N could be over 9.0 in the supernatant. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technology was used to reveal the changes in the bacterial community during different stages of the integrated step-feed biofilm process. The results showed that banding patterns and the distribution of dominant bands for the same experimental period in different aerobic zones were similar. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that lanes 10, 11 and 12. which presented three aerobic zones at the same operation period, had the closest phylogenetic relationship among the lanes.

关键词： step-feed biofilm removal efficiency PCR-DGGE C/N ratio

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A network flow algorithm to position tiles for LAMOST

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research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第11期9卷 1277-1284页

作者： Guang-Wei Li and Gang Zhao National Astronomical Observatories, chinese Academy of sciences,{2. National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

We introduce the network flow algorithm used by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） into the sky survey of the Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope （LAMOST） to position tiles. Because fibers in LAMOST＇s focal plane are distributed uniformly, we cannot use SDSS＇ method directly. To solve this problem, firstly we divide the sky into many small blocks, and we also assume that all the targets that are in the same block have the same position, which is the center of the block. Secondly, we give a value to limit the number of the targets that the LAMOST focal plane can collect in one square degree so that it cannot collect too many targets in one small block. Thirdly, because the network flow algorithm used in this paper is a bipartite network, we do not use the general solution algorithm that was used by SDSS. Instead, we give our new faster solution method for this special network. Compared with the Convergent Mean Shift Algorithm, the network flow algorithm can decrease observation times with improved mean imaging quality. This algorithm also has a very fast running speed. It can distribute millions of targets in a few minutes using a common personal computer.

关键词： methods data analysis -- methods statistical

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Variations of δ^(18)O in precipitation from the Muztagata Glacier, East Pamirs

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 36-42页

作者： LI Zhen1, YAO Tandong1,2. TIAN Lide1,2. XU Baiqing1,2.& Wu Guangjian2.1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engi-neering research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese Academy of sciences and chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, china Meteorological Administration, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. Laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese Academy of sciences, {12. 100085, china 1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Expeditions to Muztagata (in the eastern Pamirs) during the summer seasons of2.02.and 2.03 collected precipitation samples and measured their oxygen isotopes. The δ^(18)O inprecipitation displays a wide range, varying from -17.40per thousand to +1.33per thousand inJune—September 2.02.and from -2..31per thousand to +4.59per thousand in May—August 2.03. Theδ^(18)O in precipitation correlates with the initial temperature of precipitation during theobserving periods. The positive correlation between δ^(18)O and temperature suggests that δ^(18)Ocan be used as an indicator of temperature in this region. The δ^(18)O values in fresh-snow samplescollected from two snow events at different elevations on the Muztagata Glacier show a strong''altitude effect'', with a ratio of nearly -0.40per thousand per 100 m from 5500 m to 7450 m.

关键词： Muztagata, δ18O, temperature, altitude effect.

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Scale correlation between vegetation and soil in larch forest, NE china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第1期13卷 51-57页

作者： MA Ke ming 1, ZU Yuan gang 2. Michel Godron 3 (1. Reserch Center for Eco environmental sciences, {2. Academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. E mail: mkm@*** 2. Open research Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Fo research Center for Eco-environmental {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China. mkm@***

After the analysis on the linages of species, the fractal dimensions of vegetation and soil in a managed larch(Larix gmelini) forest in Daxingan Mountains, NE china were estimated separately, and their scale correlation was discussed. (1) The dominant species of the larch forest, larch and the important accompany species, birch (Betula platyphylla) were homogeneously distributed along the transect. The other species were heterogeneous, and can be divided into three groups located on the right, left and central parts of the transect respectively. The transect can be separated into two parts at the position for the 2.th quadrat(580m). (2. The fractal dimension in the large scale range from 2.0 to 400m was lower than that in the small scale range from 0 to 2.0m in the forest, indicating the different variation regularities of spatial heterogeneity in different scale ranges. The inflection point at 2.0m was one of the key scales of spatial hierarchy of the larch forest. (3) The scale variation of the forest was correlated with that of soil pH on large scales, which reflected the indirect control of the dominant species to the spatial pattern and species distribution of understorey by changing soil acidity in the forest and the indirect effects of forest management.

关键词： fractal dimension larch forest scale variation soil spatial heterogeneity species linkX

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Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 521-529页

作者： LIU Xiaohong1,2. QIN Dahe1, SHAO Xuemei , CHEN Tuo1 & REN Jiawen12.1. Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering research Institute, {2. Academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources research, {2. Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 1. Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 2. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

Based on the cross-dated tree-ring samples collected from the middle Qilian Moun- tain, a standard ring-width chronology had been developed, which covered the period AD 1000 to 2.00. The correlations between the chronology and climatic records from the nearby meteorological stations indicated that temperature was the dominant climatic factor for tree growth at upper timberline, and the most important climatic factor for the tree growth in the area was the mean temperature from previous December to current April. The temperature variations recovered from the ring-width data showed a cold period during the “Little Ice Age” and the con- tinuous warming during the twentieth century. Comparison between the ring-width chronology and δ18O records from the Dunde ice core in the Qilian Mountain indicated that there was a con- sistent trend in both time series. A significant correlation existed between our ring-width chro- nology and the Northern Hemispheric temperature, suggesting that the climate changes in the Qilian Mountain were not only driven by regional factors, but also responsive to the global cli- mate.

关键词： middle Qilian Mountain, tree-ring width chronology, temperature variations.

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Designing regional pattern for ecosystem restoration:A case study

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 86-97页

作者： LI Guoqiang , MA Keming, FU Bojie & LIU Shiling State Key Lab of Systems Ecology, research Center for Eco-environmental {2., chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100085, china Department of Water Environment, china Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower research, beijing 100038, china School of environmental {2., beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 1. State Key Lab of Systems Ecology Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. Department of Water Environment China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China 3. School of environmental sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Designing regional pattern is challenging for ecosystem restoration both in theory and in practice. The present study proposed a new approach to design regional pattern for ecosystem restoration with a case in the arid valley of Upper Minjiang River, SW china. The procedures are: (1) Determine the regional pattern of main environmental factors based on the relationships between the important environmental factors and the main geographical factors generated from DEM data. (2. Overlay the maps of the main environmental factors. (3) Generate a lookup table according to the species selection rule we proposed to link the candidate restoration species to the main environmental factors.(4) Determine the regional pattern of ecosystem restoration by positioning the restoration species in the map of environmental factors according to the lookup table. The regional restoration pattern designed in this way would be applicable not only to restoring a region, but also to predicting the future landscape change.

关键词： environmental factors, GIS, restoration species, Upper Minjiang River Valley.

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Carbon dioxide release due to change in land use in china mainland

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Journal of environmental sciences 1994年第3期6卷 287-295页

作者： Wang Xiaoke Zhuang Yahui Feng Zongwei(research Center for Eco-environmental {2., chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100085, china)

The carbon pool and emission of carbon dioxide from terrestrial ecosystems in chinahave been estimated. The carbon pool is 2.51×10￣9-2..2.10￣9 ton C in vegetation, and 49. 7×10￣9ton C in soil. The carbon dioxide release from terrestrial ecosystems is 0.0317× 10￣9- 0. 195× 10￣9ton C due to changes in land-use in recent years, mainly caused by deforestation and degradation ofgrassland. This carbon release due to changes in land-use is approximately 17% of the current carbondioxide emission from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in china. As compared withthe global carbon pool, the carbon pool in vegetation and in soil in china are 1.8% and 3.3% ofthe global figures, respectively.

关键词： carbon pool, carbon dioxide release terrestrial ecosystems.

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Terrestrial transect study on driving mechanism of vegetation changes

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第7期51卷 984-991页

作者： ZHANG YuJin1,2.& ZHOU GuangSheng1 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change, Institute of Botany, chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100093, china 2.Graduate University of chinese Academy of {2., beijing 100049, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 2. Graduate University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

In terms of chinese climate-vegetation model based on the classification of plant functional types, to- gether with climatic data from 1951 to 1980 and two future climatic scenarios (SRES-A2.and SRES-B2. in china from the highest and the lowest emission scenarios of greenhouse gases, the distribution patterns of vegetation types and their changes along the Northeast china Transect (NECT) and the North-South Transect of Eastern china (NSTEC) were simulated in order to understand the driving mechanisms of vegetation changes under climatic change. The results indicated that the vegetation distribution patterns would change significantly under future climate, and the major factors driving the vegetation changes were water and heat. However, the responses of various vegetation types to the changes in water and heat factors were obviously different. The vegetation changes were more sensi- tive to heat factors than to water factors. Thus, in the future climate warming will significantly affect vegetation distribution patterns.

关键词： driving mechanism vegetation terrestrial transect climatic change plant functional types

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