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Kinetics of petroleum generation determined from multiple cold trap pyrolysis gas chromatography

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第3期42卷 254-258页

作者： LIU Jinzhong and TANG Yongchun1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Guangzhou 510640, China 2. chevron petroleum technology company, La Habra, ca 90633-0446,{2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China chevron petroleum {2. company La Habra USA

THOUGH commercial Pyrolysis-GC is widely used to evaluate petroleum source rocks, its chromatogram composed of all compounds generated in the whole pyrolysis process cannot provide generating rates or activation energy distributions of individual component or compound groups. To overcome the limitation, a new technique, multi cold trap pyrolysis gas chromatography (MCTP-GC), has been developed by chevron petroleum technology Compa-

关键词： organic geochemistry pyrolysis kinetics.

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2.(1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102.49, China 2. The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield company, PetroChina company Limited, Korla 841000, China) [a]Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China Petroleum University Beijing China [b]The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

Prediction of Dynamic Wellbore Pressure in Gasified Fluid Drilling

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petroleum Science 2007年第4期4卷 66-73页

作者： Wang Zhiming1,Ping Liqiu2.and Zou Ke2.(1. School of petroleum Engineering,petroleum University of China,Beijing 102.49,China) (2. Institute of Drilling Engineering {2.,CNPC,Beijing 100097,China) Petr Univ China Sch Petr Engn Beijing 102249 Peoples R China CNPC Inst Drilling Engn Technol Beijing 100097 Peoples R China

The basis of designing gasified drilling is to understand the behavior of gas/liquid two-phase flow in the wellbore. The equations of mass and momentum conservation and equation of fluid flow in porous media were used to establish a dynamic model to predict wellbore pressure according to the study results of Ansari and Beggs-Brill on gas-liquid two-phase flow. The dynamic model was solved by the finite difference approach combined with the mechanistic steady state model. The mechanistic dynamic model was numerically implemented into a FORTRAN 90 computer program and could simulate the coupled flow of fluid in wellbore and reservoir. The dynamic model revealed the effects of wellhead back pressure and injection rate of gas/liquid on bottomhole pressure. The model was validated against full-scale experimental data,and its 5.0% of average relative error could satisfy the accuracy requirements in engineering design.

关键词： Gasified fluid drilling dynamic model pressure prediction model validation

Study on Modified Y Zeolites and Their Behaviors in Selective Adsorptive Desulfurization of FCC Gasoline (Ⅰ)

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China petroleum Processing & Petrochemical technology 2009年第4期11卷 18-22页

作者： Zhu Heli~(1,2. Liu Daosheng~2.Song Lijuan~2.Sun Zhaolin~2.(1.PetroChina Jinxi Petrochemical company,Huludao 12.001 2.Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Engineering,Liaoning University of petroleum and Chemical {2.) PetroChina Jinxi Petrochemical company Huludao 125001 China Liaoning Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology China

NaY zeolite was modified through dealumination with oxalic acid,and the HY zeolite was obtained by calcination of the modified NaY *** zeolite molding process was carried out at ambient temperature(2.℃),and the influence of solid/fuel mass ratio and adsorptive desulfurization time on the HY zeolite were investigated through tests on static selective adsorptive desulfurization of FCC gasoline containing organic sulfur compounds(with a S content=135 ppm).The sulfur content and sulphide types in the FCC gasoline were analyzed by a GC 2.10 sulfur analyzer and a GC-SCD *** test results showed that the molded HY zeolite was better than the unmolded HY *** a static adsorptive desulfurization time on the molded HY zeolite equating to 6 hours,a solid/fuel mass ratio of 1:3,the sulfur content of FCC gasoline was decreased to 30 ppm,and the desulfurization rate was equal to 78%.When the breakthrough point of the molded HY was equal to 50 ppm,the molded HY zeolite was capable of adsorbing 4.86 mg of sulfur per gram of *** the regeneration rate of molded HY zeolite was equal to 98%.

关键词： dealumination zeolite FCC gasoline adsorptive desulfurization

Effect and mechanism of stresses on rock permeability at different scales

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 714-723页

作者： YIN Shangxian1 & WANG Shangxu2.1. Safety Engineering College, North China Institute of Science and technology, Yanjiao, Beijing 101601, China 2. Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration, China University of petroleum, Beijing 100083, China 1. Safety Engineering College North China Institute of Science and Technology Yanjiao Beijing 101601 China 2. Key Laboratory of Geophysics Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 100083 China

The effect of geo-stress fields on macroscopic hydro-geological conditions or micro-cosmic permeability of water-bearing media should follow some laws or principles. cases study and tests show that: (1) At macro-geologic large scale, deformed and crashed rocks which were induced by geo-stress fields changing provided space for groundwater storage and flow. Groundwater adjusts water-bearing space and dilatants fractures by flowing and press transferring. Coupling of liquid and solid can be implemented for rocks and groundwater. Although tectonic fields witness several times of change and build-up in geological time, stress fields forming regional tectonic framework are coherent with seepage fields, orientation of the maximum horizontal stress demonstrates main seepage direc-tions. (2. At macro-geologic middle scale, zones of stresses changing sharply, quite low stresses, stress or shear concentration can be used to show locations and types of main fractures, zones of geo-stresses changing equably can be acted as normal base media zones of tri-porosity media. (3) At micro-geologic small scale, tri-porosity media include fractured rocks, porous rocks and capillary rocks. Investigations indicate that porosity or permeability is functions of effective stresses, and po-rosity or permeability changing rules of porous rocks with variation of effective stresses can be de-scribed as the index model, the model of power exponent functions is suitable for those of fractured rocks, the model of the second power parabola for capillary rocks. The porosity and permeability loss in fractured rocks, which are greater than that in porous rocks, are shown by calculation of effective compressive coefficient and closing pressure in cracks. The calculations can also explain the mecha-nism why porosity changes are always larger than permeability changes. It is proved by the thick wall cylinder theory that the second power parabola relation between porosity or permeability loss and effective

关键词： geo-stress fields, seepage fields, tri-porosity media, effective stresses, permeability, porosity,scale.

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated from a borehole

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第2期48卷 247-256页

作者： CHE Xiaohua1, ZHANG Hailan1, QIAO Wenxiao2.& JU Xiaodong2.1. Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Faculty of Natural Resources & Information technology, University of petroleum, Beijing 102.49, China Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Faculty of Natural Resources & Information technology University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated by linear phased array transmitters in a fluid-filled borehole is carried out using a real axis integration (RAI) method. The main lobe width of the acoustic beams and the incident angle on the borehole wall can be controlled by means of adjusting parameters, such as the element number and the delay time between the neighboring array elements of linear phased array transmitter. The steered angle of longitudinal waves generated in the formation satisfies the Snell’s law for plane waves when the incident angle on the borehole wall is less than the first critical angle. When the lobe width of the acoustic beams is narrow and the steered angle is less than the first critical angle, the acoustic field in the formation can be approximately calculated given that the linear phased array is put in the formation without borehole. The technique of scanning radiation acoustic field can be applied to enhancing investigation resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in crosswell seismic survey and borehole acoustic reflection imaging.

关键词： formation, linear phased array transmitter, steered angle, RAI, scanning radiation.

Development of Hydrocracking catalyst to Produce High Quality Clean Middle Distillates

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China petroleum Processing & Petrochemical technology 2004年第4期6卷 19-23页

作者： Zhang Xuejun 1,2.Zhang Zhihua1,2.1. Institute of Daqing Petrochemical company, Daqing 163714 2. School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of petroleum,Dongying 2.7061) Inst. of Daqing Petrochem. company Daqing 163714 China Sch. of Chem. and Chem. Engineering University of Petroleum Dongying 257061 China

A novel hydrocracking Ni-W binary catalyst was tentatively designed and prepared by means ofimpregnation on mixed supports of modified Y zeolite and amorphous aluminosilicate . The structure andproperties of catalyst were extensively characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, IR and XRF techniques. The perfor-mance of catalyst was evaluated by a 100-ml hydrogenation laboratory test unit with two single-stage fixed-bedreactors connected in series. The characterization results showed that the catalyst has a developed and con-centrated mesopores distribution, suitable acid sites and acid strength distribution, and uniform and highdispersion of metal sites. Under a high conversion rate of 73.8% with the >350℃ feedstock, a 98.1m% of C5+yield and 83.5% of middle distillates selectivity were obtained. The yield of middle distillates boiling between140℃and 370℃ was 68.70m% and its quality could meet the WWFC category III specification. It means thatthis catalyst could be used to produce more high quality clean middle distillates derived from heavy oilhydrocracking. The potential aromatic content of heavy naphtha from 65℃ to 140℃ was 37.5m%. The BMCIvalue of >370℃ tail oil was 6.6. The heavy naphtha and tail oil are premium feedstocks for catalytic reformingand steam cracker units.

关键词： hydrocracking Ni-W binary catalyst clean middle distillate WWFC categoryIII specification

An element by element spectral element method for elastic wave modeling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 21-29页

作者： LIN Weijun1, WANG Xiuming1,2.and ZHANG Hailan 1(1.Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. CSIRO petroleum, ARRC, PO BOX 1130, technology Park, Bentley, WA 6102. Australia) [a] Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b] CSIRO petroleum ARRC Bentley WA Australia

The spectral element method which combines the advantages of spectral method with those of finite element method, provides an efficient tool in simulating elastic wave equation in complex medium. Based on weak form of elastodynamic equations, mathematical formulations for Legendre spectral element method are presented. The wave field on an element is discretized using high-order La-grange interpolation, and integration over the element is accomplished based upon the Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre integration rule. This results in a diagonal mass matrix which leads to a greatly simplified algorithm. In addition, the element by element technique is introduced in our method to reduce the memory sizes and improve the computation efficiency. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the spectral accuracy and the efficiency. Because of combinations of the finite element scheme and spectral algorithms, this method can be used for complex models, including free surface boundaries and strong heterogeneity.

关键词： spectral element Legendre polynomial elastic wave modeling element by element.

Sequence stratigraphic framework and distribution of depositional systems for the Paleogene in Liaodong Bay area

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 1-10页

作者： ZHU XiaoMin1,DONG YanLei1,YANG JunSheng1,ZHANG Qin1,LI DeJiang2.XU ChangGui3 & YU Shui3 1 National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of petroleum,Beijing 102.49,China 2.Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development——Langfang,PetroChina,Langfang 065007,China 3 technology Department of CNOOC Tianjin company,Tianjin 300452.China China Univ Petr Natl Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China PetroChina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Langfang 065007 Peoples R China CNOOC Tianjin Co Dept Technol Tianjin 300452 Peoples R China

With a comprehensive geological and geophysical data base,the Paleogene in the Liaodong Bay area,which consists of the Kongdian,Shahejie and Donghying Formations from the base to top,was divided into 4 second-order sequences and 8 third-order sequences based on the characteristics of the se-quence boundaries. Each third-order sequence is subdivided into the lowstand,lake transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The Lowstand systems tract (LST) is mainly composed of progradational parasequence sets,while the lake transgressive systems tract (TST) largely consists of the retrograda-tional parasequence sets and the highstand systems tract (HST) is dominated by the progradational parasequence sets. The main types of depositional systems include the shallow lake,semi-deep lake,deep lake,delta,fan delta,braided fluvial delta and nearshore subaqueous fan. The braided fluvial delta and fan delta depositional systems are mainly confined to the sequences of the lower SEs4-Ek,SEs3 and SEs1+2.while the sequences of SEd3,SEd2.and SEd1 are dominated by the delta and nearshore subaqueous fan depositional systems with the latter being developed at the downthrown side of the basin-bounding fault in each sequence. The evolution of the depositional systems is always con-trolled by the paleo-tectonic setting and the ancient landform in the space and geological time. It is concluded that the most favorable reservoirs are distributed in the Liaoxi low uplift and the central Liaozhong sag.

关键词： Liaodong Bay area Paleogene sequence stratigraphy sequence boundary depositional system