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Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact in central eastern Inner Mongolia

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 1025-1039页

作者： HUANG Fei1, Kealhofer Lisa2. XIONG Shangfa3.& HUANG Fengbao1 1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 2.0008,China 2. anthropology and sociology department,{3. {2. University,ca 95053.usa 3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10002.,China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China anthropology and sociology {2. Santa Clara University CA 95053 United States Institute of Geology and Geoohysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijina 100029 China

Phytolith and pollen preserved in the Taipusi Banner paleosol profile, central eastern Inner Mongolia, provide evidence of Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact. The combined phytolith and pollen records reveal a major change in vegetation composition about 5000 a BP. Before 5000 a BP, the vegetation was dominated by Aneurolepidium Chinese-Stipa grandis grassland of C4 grasses. After 5000 a BP, C4 grasses rapidly retreated, indicating a shift to colder and more arid conditions. The gradual invasion of Stipa krylovii, Ag-ropyron desertorum, Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae and caragana reveal the onset of grassland degeneration. Between 10000 and 872. a BP, the Aneurolepidium Chinese-Stipa grandis grassland included a small proportion of Artemisia shrub and Echionopos type plants, implying a strong winter monsoon and very weak summer monsoon. From 872. to 7000 a BP, C4 grasses were common, indicating a strengthening of the summer monsoon. Between 7000 and 5000 a BP, the Holocene thermal maximum was evident, with a significant expansion of C4 grasses and the presence of some trees (such as Pinus and Betula, and so on) in or near the study site. From 42.0?000 a BP, a sandy grassland of Artemisia and Agropyron desertorum together with Aster-type taxa occurred. Precipitation amelioration took place between 3.00 and 2.70 a BP, with a rapid development of Echinops type plants and a small expansion of C4 grasses. From 2.70 a BP to present, human activities accelerated the process of grassland degeneration.

关键词： phytolith and pollen records grassland environment change human impact Holocene central eastern Inner Mongolia.

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Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah David Saka clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi David Atta-Peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh Water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2.11,***://***)***,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of ca–HCO3.water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique Hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

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High efficiency DNA delivery into swine oocytes and embryos by electronic pulse delivery (EPD)

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Cell Research 1997年第1期7卷 39-49页

作者： YANG YANG SHAO HUA HUANG XI ZHAO(InCell, Inc. 2.10 welsh Avenue, santa clara, california 95051, {2..) Present address: department of Medicine Division of Immunology and Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 Phone: (415) 723-7949 E-mail: yyang@leland stanford. edu

The production of transgenic swine for xenotransplantation has been proposed as an optimal option to overcome the chronic shortage of human organ donors. Generation of genetically engineered swine has been elusive due to the difficulties in gene transfer. In order to achieve effective gene delivery, a key step for the genetic modification, we applied electronic pulse delivery (EPD) technology to introduce HZKb-DC DNA construct into swine eggs. Using the developed EPD ProtocolsTM, we have achieved good viability of the EPD treated oocytes, satisfactory embryonic development of the EPD treated embryos, and stable DNA transfer into the swine embryos with high efficiency. Thus, application of the EPD technology promises to effectively facilitate the generation of large trangenic mammals.

关键词： Xenotransplantation transgenic pig electronic pulse delivery (EPD) swine embryos DNA transfer

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High Power, Room Temperature Terahertz Emitters Based on Dopant Transitions in 6H-Silicon carbide

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2014年第3期12卷 250-254页

作者： James Kolodzey Guang-Chi Xuan Peng-Cheng Lv Nathan Sustersic Xin Ma Electrical & Computer Engineering department University of Delaware Applied Materials Inc. Santa Clara CA 95054 USA AlphaSense Inc. Wilmington Intel Corporation Hillsboro

Electrically pumped high power terahertz （THz） emitters that operated above room temperature in a pulse mode were fabricated from nitrogen-doped n-type 6H-SiC. The emission spectra had peaks centered on 5 THz and 12.THz （2. meV and 50 meV） that were attributed to radiative transitions of excitons bound to nitrogen donor impurities. Due to the relatively deep binding energies of the nitrogen donors, above 100 meV, and the high thermal conductivity of the SiC substrates, the THz output power and operating temperature were significantly higher than previous dopant based emitters. With peak applied currents of a few amperes, and a top surface area of 1 mm2. the device emitted up to 0.5 mW at liquid nitrogen temperature （77 K）, and tens of microwatts up to 3.3.K. This result is the highest temperature of THz emission reported from impurity-based emitters.

关键词： Intracenter radiative transitions semiconductor devices silicon carbide terahertz emitting devices wide band gap semiconductors

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Ultrasound elastographic techniques in focal liver lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第9期22卷 2647-2656页

作者： clara Benedetta Conti Federica cavalcoli Mirella Fraquelli Dario Conte Sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano

Elastographic techniques are new ultrasound-based imaging techniques developed to estimate tissue deformability/stiffness. Several ultrasound elastographic approaches have been developed, such as static elastography, transient elastography and acoustic radiation force imaging methods, which include point shear wave and shear wave imaging elastography. The application of these methods in clinical practice aims at estimating the mechanical tissues properties. One of the main settings for the application of these tools has been liver stiffness assessment in chronic liver disease, which has been studied mainly using transient elastography. Another field of application for these techniques is the assessment of focal lesions, detected by ultrasound in organs such as pancreas, prostate, breast, thyroid, lymph nodes. Considering the frequency and importance of the detection of focal liver lesions through routine ultrasound, some studies have also aimed to assess the role that elestography can play in studying the stiffness of different types of liver lesions, in order to predict their nature and thus offer valuable non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of liver masses.

关键词： Focal liver lesions Acoustic radiation force imaging Transient elastography Elastographic techniques Shear wave imaging

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DET1-mediated COP1 regulation avoids HY5 activity over second-site gene targets to tune plant photomorphogenesis

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Molecular Plant 2021年第6期14卷 963-982页

作者： Esther canibano clara Bourbousse Marta Garcia-Leon Borja Garnelo Gomez Lea Wolff camila Garcia-Baudino Rosa Lozano-Duran Fredy Barneche Vicente Rubio Sandra Fonseca Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB-CSICMadrid 28049Spain Institut de biologie de l’École normale supérieure(IBENS) École normale supérieureCNRSINSERMUniversitéPSLParis 75005France Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China department of Plant Biochemistry Centre for Plant Molecular Biology(ZMBP)Eberhard Karls University72076 TübingenGermany

DE-ETIOLATED 1(DET1)and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1(COP1)are two essential repressors of Arabidopsis *** proteins can associate with CULLIN4 to form independent CRL4-based E3.ubiquitin ligases that mediate the degradation of several photomorphogenic transcription factors,including ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5),thereby controlling multiple gene-regulatory *** extensive biochemical and genetic analyses of their multi-subunit complexes,the functional links between DET1 and COP1 have long remained ***,we report that DET1 associates with COP1 in vivo,enhances COP1-HY5 interaction,and promotes COP1 destabilization in a process that dampens HY5 protein *** regulating its accumulation,DET1 avoids HY5 association with hundreds of second-site genomic loci,which are also frequently targeted by the skotomorphogenic transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR ***,ectopic HY5 chromatin enrichment favors local gene repression and can trigger fusca-like *** study therefore shows that DET1-mediated regulation of COP1 stability tunes down the HY5 cistrome,avoiding hyper-photomorphogenic responses that might compromise plant viability.

关键词： HY5 DET1 COP1 photomorphogenesis light signaling fusca

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Volatile organic compound emission and biochemical properties of degraded Ultisols ameliorated by no tillage and liming

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Pedosphere 2020年第5期30卷 597-606页

作者： Laura GIAGNONI Cosimo TAITI Paloma LEON Corrado COSTA Paolo MENESATTI Rafael ESPEJO clara GOMEZ-PACcaRD Chiquinquira HONTORIA Eduardo VAZQUEZ Marta BENITO Stefano MANCUSO Giancarlo RENELLA department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceP.le delle Cascine 18Florence 50144(Italy) Departamento de Production Agraria E.T.S.I.AgrondmicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de MadridAvda.Complutense s/nMadrid 28040(Spain) Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e I'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria(CREA)-Unita di Ricerca per ilngegneria Agraria via della Pascolare 16Monterotondo ScaloRM 00015(Italy) department of Soil Biogeochemistry and Soil Ecology University of BayreuthDr.Hans-Frisch-Strafie 1-3Bayreuth 95448(Germany) University of Padua Department of AgronomyFoodNatural ResourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)Viale dell'Universita 16Legnaro 35020(Italy)

TTie Ultisols in the Rana de canamero area in Southwest Spain showed aluminum(Al)phytotoxicity,and the clearance of natural vegetation and decades of intensive conventional agriculture caused the deplation of soil organic matter(SOM).Therefore,we studied the long-term effects of no tillage and liming using sugar beet foam(SF)and red gypsum(RG),alone or in combination,on the restoration of Ultisols affected by acidification,Al phytotoxicity,and SOM *** measured the main soil chemical properties,soil microbial biomass,soil enzyme activities involved in carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur mineralization,and the emission of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).The results indicated that liming effectively neutralized the soil acidity in the long term and,in combination with no tillage,significantly increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme ***-three VOCs were detected using the proton transfer reaction-time of flight(PTR-ToF)technique,and both liming and tillage changed the VOC emission *** greatest difference in VOC emission pattern was observed between no-tilled un-amended soils and tilled lime-amended soils,suggesting the activation of different metabolic pathways within the microbial communities of soils under different *** in VOC emission patterns could be attributed to the decomposition of carbohydrates,which were also sustained by the higher enzyme activities in the lime-amended soils.

关键词： carbohydrate decomposition degraded soils long-term field trial soil acidity soil enzyme activities soil microbial biomass soil restoration

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Arabidopsis Heterotrimeric G-protein Regulates Cell Wall Defense and Resistance to Necrotrophic Fungi

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 98-114页

作者： Magdalena Delgado-Cerezo clara Sanchez-Rodriguez Viviana Escudero Eva Miedes Paula Virginia Fernandez Lucia Jorda camilo Hernandez-Blanco Andrea Sanchez-Vallet Pawel Bednarek Paul Schulze-Lefert Shauna Somervilleg Jose Manuel Estevez Staffan Persson Antonio Molina Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas （UPM-INIA） Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo E-28223-Pozuelo de Alarcbn （Madrid） Spain Max-Planck-lnstitute fLir Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am MQhlenberg 2 14476 Potsdam Germany Laboratorio de Fisiologia y Biologia Molecular IFIByNE （CONICET） FCEyN-Universidad de Buenos Aires Pab. II Intendente Guiraldes 2160 Buenos Aires C1428EGA Argentina Present address： Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 1 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands Max Planck Institut for Zuchtungsforschung Department of Plant Microbe Interactions Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10 D-50829 Koln Germany Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Noskowskiego 12/14 61-704 Poznan Poland Energy Biosciences Institute 130 Calvin Hall University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA

The Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein controls defense responses to necrotrophic and vascular fungi. The agbl mutant impaired in the Gβ subunit displays enhanced susceptibility to these pathogens. Gβ/AGB1 forms an obligate dimer with either one of the Arabidopsis Gγsubunits （γ1/AGG1 and γ2.AGG2.. Accordingly, we now demonstrate that the aggl agg2.double mutant is as susceptible as agbl plants to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina. To elucidate the molecular basis of heterotrimeric G-protein-mediated resistance, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of agbl-1 mutant and wild-type plants upon inoculation with P cucumerina. This analysis, together with metab- olomic studies, demonstrated that G-protein-mediated resistance was independent of defensive pathways required for resistance to necrotrophic fungi, such as the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid, and tryptophan-derived metabolites signaling, as these pathways were not impaired in agbl and aggl agg2.mutants. Notably, many mis-reguiated genes in agbl plants were related with cell wall functions, which was also the case in aggl agg2.mutant. Biochemical analyses and Fourier Transform InfraRed （FTIR） spectroscopy of cell walls from G-protein mutants revealed that the xylose content was lower in agbl and aggl agg2.mutants than in wild-type plants, and that mutant walls had similar FTIR spec-tratypes, which differed from that of wild-type plants. The data presented here suggest a canonical functionality of the Gβ and Gγ1/γ2.subunits in the control of Arabidopsis immune responses and the regulation of cell wall composition.

关键词： Plant immunity cell wall indole glucosinolates xylose necrotropic fungi G-protein.

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Galanin receptor 2.mediates galanin-induced activation of large conductance ca2.-dependent K+ channels(BK) in human embryonic kidney(HEK2.3. cells

Galanin receptor 2 mediates galanin-induced activation of la...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Yun-Fei BAI Na clara PAN Zhi-Qing David XU Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration & Repair Department of NeurobiologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Brain Major DisordersCapital Medical University

Objective The large conductance ca-activated K(BK) channels,which are widely distributed in the central nervous system(CNS),have been considered as intracellular calcium sensors in neuron and play an important feedback role in controlling ca flux and subsequent ca-dependent processes including neurotransmitter release and cellular *** The effects of neuropeptide galanin on BK channels in human embryonic kidney(HEK2.3. cells co-expressing both GalR2.and BK alpha subunit were examined by determining the whole-cell currents and single-channel ***(1) The application of galanin enhanced the currents of BK channels,in a PTX-independent and concentration-dependent *** ED50 value of dose-dependent curve was 71.8+16.9 nM.(2. Galanin-induced activation of BK was mediated by GalR2.but not GalR1 nor GalR3.as galanin did not facilitate BK current in the cells co-expressed cDNAs of BK with GalR1 or GalR3.(3. Chelating intracellular ca by either the slow ca buffer EGTA or the fast ca buffer BAPTA in the pipette solution abolished galanin-mediated activation of BK channels,indicating the important role of ca in galanin-induced BK current.(4) The galanin-induce BK current persisted when the bath solution was replaced by ca-free solution,suggesting the extracellular ca in not required to lead activation of BK channels.(5) The galanin-induced BK channels activation mediated by the ca efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum /endoplasmic reticulum(SR/ER) was confirmed by application of thapsigargin,an irreversible inhibitor that emptied ca pool from SR/ER.(6) Inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor(IP3.) on ER was identified as the mediator responsible for increased intracellular ca that activated BK *** Activation of GalR2.by its ligand galanin,led to elevation of intracellular ca level due to ca efflux through IP3. from ER and open BK channels.

关键词： BK channel ca2. efflux Galanin receptor 2 IP3.

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A systematic review of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy outcomes for advanced indications:Large tumors(cT2.T3.,solitary kidney,completely endophytic,hilar,recurrent,and multiple renal tumors

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第4期10卷 390-406页

作者： Savio Domenico Pandolfo clara Cerrato Zhenjie Wu Antonio Franco Francesco Del Giudice Alessandro Sciarra Paolo Verze Giuseppe Lucarelli Ciro Imbimbo Sisto Perdonà Edward E.Cherullo Francesco Porpiglia Ithaar H.Derweesh Riccardo Autorino department of Urology Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA department of Neurosciences Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology“Federico II”UniversityNaplesItaly department of Urology University of VeronaVeronaItaly department of Urology Changhai HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina European Association of Urology(EAU)Young Academic Urologists(YAU)Renal cancer Working Group Arnhemthe Netherlands department of Urology Sant’Andrea HospitalLa Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly department of Maternal-Infant and Urologic Sciences La Sapienza UniversityPoliclinico Umberto I HospitalRomeItaly department of Medicine and Surgery Scuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoFiscianoItaly department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation-Urology Andrology and Kidney Transplantation UnitUniversity of BariBariItaly department Uro-Gynecology IRCCS G.Pascale FoundationNaplesItaly department of Urology San Luigi Gonzaga HospitalUniversity of TurinOrbassanoItaly department of Urology University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Objective:Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)has become widely used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and it is expanding in the field of complex renal *** aim of this systematic review was to analyze outcomes of RAPN for completely endophytic renal masses,large tumors(cT2.T3.,renal cell carcinoma in solitary kidney,recurrent tumors,completely endophytic and hilar masses,and simultaneous and multiple ***:A comprehensive search in the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed in December 2.2. for English language *** primary endpoint was to evaluate the role of RAPN in the setting of each category of complex renal masses *** secondary endpoint was to evaluate the surgical and functional ***:After screening 12.0 records,43.full-text manuscripts were selected,comprising over 8500 *** and thirteen studies reported data for endophytic and hilar renal masses,*** and three studies reported outcomes for cT2.T3.and solitary kidney patients,*** studies focused on redo-RAPN for recurrent *** studies investigated simultaneous bilateral renal masses and five reports focused on multiple tumor excision in ipsilateral ***:Over the past decade,evidence supporting the use of RAPN for the most challenging nephron-sparing surgery indications has continuously *** limitations remain including study design and lack of detailed long-term functional and oncological outcomes,the adoption of RAPN for the included advanced indications is associated with favorable surgical outcomes with good preservation of renal function without compromising the oncological ***,a higher likelihood of complication might be expected when facing extremely challenging ***,none of these indications should be considered per se an exclusion criterion for performing ***,a risk-adapted approach s

关键词： Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy Complex renal mass Solitary kidney Larger tumors(cT2.T3. Endophytic and hilar mass Recurrent tumor Simultaneous and multiple tumor

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