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Dynamics of morphological changes for mitochondrial fission and fusion

Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 680-689页

作者： WANG ShiQi 1,2.4., FU ChangLiang 1,2., ZHANG Yan 1,2., CHEN Quan 3.& LONG Mian 1,2.1 Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), {4. 100190, china 2.Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, {2. academy of Sciences, {4. 100190, china 3.State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, {2. academy of Sciences, {4. 100101, china 4.Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, {2. academy of Sciences, {4. 10004., china 1. Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) Beijing 100190 China2. Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China4. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China3. State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Mitochondria experience continuous fusion and fission in a living cell, but their dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here a theoretical model was developed, upon a simplified population balance equation (PBE), to predict the morphological changes induced by mitochondrial fission and fusion. Assuming that both fission and fusion events are statistically independent, the survival probability of mitochondria staying in the fission or fusion state was formulated as an exponentially-decayed function with time, which depended on the time-dependent distribution of the mitochondrial volume and the fission and fusion rates. Parametric analysis was done for two typical volume distributions. One was Gamma distribution and the other was Gaussian distribution, derived from the measurements of volume distribution for individual mitochondria in a living cell and purified mitochondria in vitro. The predictions indicated that the survival probability strongly depended on morphological changes of individual mitochondria and was inversely correlated to the fission and fusion rates. This work provided a new insight into quantifying the mitochondrial dynamics via monitoring the evolution of the mitochondrial volume.

关键词： mitochondria morphology fission fusion dynamics modeling

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Pattern phenomena in an rf discharge dusty plasma system

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第5期49卷 588-596页

作者： HUANG Feng1,2. YE Maofu2.& WANG Long2.1. College of Science,{3. Agricultural {4., {2. 100083.{3. 2. Institute of Physics, chinese academy of Sciences, {2. 100080,{3. 1. College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China 2. Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Various dust patterns are observed in an rf discharge dusty plasma system. According to the dust growth process from small to large in size, the formation of different dust patterns can be divided into two stages: the small-particle stage (or dust cloud stage), and the large-particle stage (or dust crystal stage). The evolution relations between different dust patterns with gas pressure changing are investigated. Dust voids, dust acoustic waves and strong turbulence modes are presented at the small-particle stage. The self-organized dust lattices and dust clusters are investigated at the large-particle stage. The static structure of a dust lattice is characterized by means of the pair correlation function. Dust clusters formed by particles with different numbers and the regular evolution of the clusters with gas pressure are also investigated. The packing sequences of dust clusters are verified through two-dimensional confined molecular dynamics simulations.

关键词： dusty plasma dust patterns

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Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2. ZHANG Mingjie3. WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4.& QIN Yong5 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina, {3. 100083.{2. 2. Petrochina Exploration & Production, {3. 100011,{2. 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 73.000,{2. 4. Guangzhou Geochemical Institute, chinese {13. of Sciences, Guangzhou 51064.,{2. 5.{2. university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1000,{2. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development 100083 PetroChinaBeijin China 2. Petrochina Exploration & Production 100011 Beijing China 3. Department of Geology Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou China 4. Guangzhou Geochemical Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 510640 Guangzhou China 5. china university of Mining and Technology 221000 Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

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The species diversity of fusulinaceans and high-frequency sea-level changes in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen'an County,Shaanxi Province, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 673-683页

作者： ZHANG Haijun1, WANG Xunlian2. DING Lin1, XIA Guoying3.& WANG Lei2.1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese {3. of Sciences, {2. 100085, china 2. Faculty of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, china university of Geosciences, {2. 100083. china 3. Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Tianjin 3.0170, china 1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. Faculty of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China 3. Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Tianjin 300170 China

The study on the interrelation between sea-level changes and biodiversity with its evolu-tion has great significance for understanding the impact of global changes on organic evolution and exploring the inherent laws of life-environment coevolution in geological history. In this paper, the stratigraphic distribution of fusulinacean fauna in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province, is analyzed quantitatively, and the relationship between the species diversity of fusulinaceans and relative sea-level changes is discussed. As a whole, the spe-cies numbers of fusulinacean fauna experience a rapid increase and an obvious decline in Xikou, Zhen’an County, from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. There is a significant increase in species diversity around the Carboniferous-Permian boundary, which is one of the biggest bio-events of the fusulinacean fauna, and represents the radiation of Pseudoschwagerininae subfamily in the studied area. Integrated fusulinacean species diversity into sequence stratigraphic framework, de-tailed study suggests that the species diversity of the fusulinaceans is closely related to its relative stratigraphic location, and is essentially controlled by the sea-level changes, especially by the high-frequency sea-level changes. Generally, the species diversity of fusulinaceans is low, and the number of first and last appearance datum is small in the lower unit of high-frequency depositional cycle formed during the quick rise of the sea level; whereas the species diversity of fusulinaceans is high, and the number of first and last appearance datum is large in the upper unit of high-frequency cycle formed during the slow fall of the sea level. Within the third-order depositional sequence, the species diversity of the fusulinaceans at the first flooding surfaces and the maximum flooding surfaces is low, and it increases upward. The fusulinacean species diversity is low within the transgressive syst

关键词： fusulinaceans, species diversity, high-frequency cyclothem, sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes, Carboniferous-Permian boundary, Zhen'an, Shaanxi.

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The gravitational gradient tensor’s invariants and the related boundary conditions

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 781-790页

作者： YU JinHai1,2.3.& ZHAO DongMing4.1 College of Earth Science, Graduate university of {3. {2. of Sciences, {4. 10004., china 2.Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, {3. {2. of Sciences, Wuhan 4.0077, china 3.State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics, Xi’an 71004., china 4.Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Zhengzhou 4.0052. china 1. College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China3. State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an 710043 China4. Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou 450052 China

Here we report new approaches of recovering the Earth gravitational field from GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) gradiometric data with the help of the gradient tensor’s invariants. Our results only depend on GOCE satellite’s position and gradiometry, in other words, they are completely independent of the satellite attitude. First, starting from the invariants, linearization models are established, which can be referred as the general boundary conditions on the satellite’s orbit. Then, the spherical approximation expressions for the models are derived, and the corresponding solving methods for them are discussed. Furthermore, considering effects of J2.term, the spherical approximation models are improved so that the accuracies of the boundary conditions can be theoretically raised to O ( J 2.2.T), which is approximately equivalent to O(T2.. Finally, some arithmetic examples are constructed from EGM96 model based on the derived theories, and the computational results illustrate that the spherical models have accuracies of 10-7 and the order recovering the gravitational field can reach up to 2.0, and the models with regard to effect of J2.term have accuracies of 10-8 and the order can reach up to 2.0.

关键词： the Earth’s gravitational field gravitational gravidiometry tensor’s invariant

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A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 763-772页

作者： CHEN BaiLian1,3. ZHANG RenHe2. SUN ShuFen1, BIAN LinGen2. XIAO CunDe4.2.& ZHANG TingJun5 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese {4. of Sciences, {2. 10002., china 2.chinese {4. of Meteorological Sciences, {2. 100081, china 3.Graduate university of chinese {4. of Sciences, {2. 10004., china 4.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, chinese {4. of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china 5 The National Snow and Ice Data Center, university of Colorado, Boulder, CO 803.9-04.9, USA 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China4. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China5. The National Snow and Ice Data Center University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA

A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°2.′S, 70°2.′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 2. m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at {3.measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3. 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2. the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.

关键词： Antarctic Ice Sheet near-surface layer energy transfer numerical model

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Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1000 years in Delingha, Qinghai

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 939-949页

作者： SHAO Xuemei1, HUANG Lei1, LIU Hongbin2. LIANG Eryuan1, FANG Xiuqi3.& WANG Lili1 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of Sciences, {2. 100101,{4. 2. National Climate Center, {2. 100081,{4. 3. {2. Normal university, {2. 100875,{4. Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Climate Center Beijing 100081 China beijing Normal university Beijing 100875 China

Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1000 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1% of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD152.—163. and 193.—2.01, whereas dry intervals in 14.0}—1519 and 163.2}174.. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 14.0 with about 15 mm, but it increased to 3. mm during the period of 14.0 to 1850. After 1850, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1990s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1000-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 2.st century.

关键词： northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper precipitation reconstruction in 1000 years.

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Archean relic body at lower crust in Sulu area:Evidence from magnetic data

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第6期48卷 589-593页

作者： WU Qifan1,2. LU Fengxiang3. LIU Qingsheng3. ZHENG Jianping3. WANG Maoji2.& WU Wenli4.1. Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua {3., beijing 100084.{2. 2. Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center, beijing 100083.{2. 3.{2. {3. of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074.{2. 4. Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000,{2. Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center Beijing 100083 China china university of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration Langfang 065000 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

After the new 1︰1000000 aero magnetic data were processed and the three-dimensional inversion work was carried out, a vast high magnetic body northwestward was discovered. The magnetic body is located at the depth of about 2. km on the west side of Tanlu fault and at about 2. km on the east side of Tanlu fault beneath the Sulu area. There is a difference of vertical distance of 3.5 km in depth between both sides. We think that the magnetic body is an Archean metamorphic plate and belongs to the North china block. The discovery of the magnetic body is significant for us to reconstruct the structure model of the Sulu orogenic belt, delineate the suture of collision between the North china block and the Yangtze block, and estimate the depth of slipping surface when the eastside of Tanlu fault moved northward.

关键词：苏鲁地区地壳下层太古代残余体地球物理调查区域性磁场三维反演苏鲁造山带郯鲁断裂带大别-苏鲁超高压变质带

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Preparation of Pt/K_2.a_2.i_3._(10) and its photo-catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from methanol water solution

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第2期49卷 162-168页

作者： CUI Wenquan1,3. LIU Li2. FENG Liangrong1, XU Chenghua1, LI Zijian1, Lü Shaojie1 & QIU Fali1 1. Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, chinese academy of Sciences, Chengdu 6100{3.,{2. 2. Chemistry Department, Sichuan university of Science & Engineering, Zigong 6{3.03.,{2. 3. Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 10003.,{2. Correspondence should be addressed to Qiu Fali 1. Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 3. Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China 2. Chemistry Department Sichuan University of Science & Engineering Zigong 643033 China

A layered perovskite-type oxide K2.a2.i3.10 was prepared with high-temperature solid-state reaction, and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse re-flectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Platinum was loaded onto K2.a2.i3.10 as a co-catalyst with different methods. The dispersion of platinum on K2.a2.i3.10 was determined with HOT method. The photocatalytic activity of Pt/K2.a2.i3.10 was studied. This catalyst showed much higher activity in hydrogen evolution reaction than Ni/K2.a2.i3.10. The effects of different amounts of loaded platinum and several preparation methods were evaluated. The best achieved hydrogen evolution rate was 2.3.88 μmol·h?1 by Pt(2.)/K2.a2.i3.10. A possible band structure and mechanism were discussed based on the results.

关键词： photocatalysis hydrogen platinum K_2.a_2.i_3._(10) support

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Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 851-861页

作者： AN Zhisheng1, WANG Ping2. SHEN Ji3. ZHANG Yixiang2. ZHANG Peizhen4. WANG Sumin3. LI Xiaoqiang1, SUN Qianli1, SONG Yougui1, AI Li1, ZHANG Yechun2. JIANG Shaoren2. LIU Xingqi3.& WANG Yong3.. Institute of Earth Environment, {4. academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi’an 710075,{2. 2. South{2. Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou 5103.1,{2. 3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 2.0008,{2. 4. Institute of Geology,{2. Earthquake Administration, beijing 10002.,{2. 1. Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Xi’an 710075 China 2. South china Sea Institute of Oceanology CAS Guangzhou 510301 China 3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CAS Nanjing 210008 China 4. Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The intensive geophysical survey of Qinghai Lake reveals the buried depth of lake sediments and their distribution features. The result indicates that there are three important inter- phases of Qinghai Lake sediments: T1 is the rife interphase of the lake, above which sediments are spread all over the lake basin with roughly the same thickness; T5 is the interphase from which the neotectonic sedimentary cycle begins, and its above sedimentary environment is relatively stable; Tg is the base of the lake basin. Five west-northwest (WNW) fault belts defined the tectonic structure of Qinghai Lake basin: the central hunch around Haixin Shan with two subbasins both in its north and south. The thickness of the lake sediments varies at different places, the thickest sediments are found within the two subbasins. According to the depth that the Sparker System can reach, sediment in the northern subbasin is deeper than 560 m, while sediment in the southern subbasin is deeper than 700 m. The correlation between the seismic sequence stratigraph and the lithology of onshore core shows that Qinghai Lake sediments consist of muddy silt, clay silt, silty clay, gravel silty clay, etc.

关键词： sediment, geophysical survey, Qinghai Lake.

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