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A tentative study for the prediction of the CME related geomagnetic storm intensity and its transit time

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science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第6期48卷 648-668页

作者： ZHAO Xinhua1,2.& FENG Xueshang1,3 1. SIGMA Weather Group, Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space science and Applied Re-search, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. {2. school of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3. school of Geophysics and Geoinformation Systems, China university of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 1. SIGMA Weather Group Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. graduate school of the Chinese Academy of {2. 100039 Beijing China 3. school of Geophysics and Geoinformation Systems China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China

Using 80 CME-ICME events during 1997.1―2.02.9, based on the eruptive source locations of CMEs and solar magnetic field observation at the photosphere, a current sheet magnetic coordinate (CMC) system is established in order to study the propagation of CME and its geoeffectiveness. In context of this coordinate system, the effect of the eruptive source location and the form of heliospheric current sheet (HCS) at the eruptive time of CME on the geomagnetic storm intensity caused by CME and the CME’s transit time at the earth is investigated in detail. Our preliminary conclusions are: 1) The geomagnetic disturbances caused by CMEs tend to have the so-called “same side-opposite side effect”, i.e. CMEs erupt from the same side of the HCS as the earth would be more likely to arrive at the earth and the geomagnetic disturbances associated with them tend to be of larger magnitude, while CMEs erupting from the opposite side would arrive at the earth with less probability and the corresponding geomagnetic disturbance magnitudes would be relatively weaker. 2. The angular separation between the earth and the HCS affect the corresponding disturbance intensity. That is, when our earth is located near the HCS, adverse space weather events occur most probably. 3) The erupting location of the CME and its nearby form of HCS will also affect its arrival time at the earth. According to these conclusions, in this context of CMC coordinate we arrive at new prediction method for estimating the geomagnetic storm intensity (Dstmin) caused by CMEs and their transit times. The application of the empirical model for 80 CME-ICME events shows that the relative error of Dst is within 30% for 59% events with Dstmin≤?50 nT, while the averaged absolute error of transit time is lower than 10 h for all events.

关键词： coronal mass ejections, current sheet magnetic coordinate system, geomagnetic storm intensity, transit time, prediction method.

Pb isotope geochemistry of lead, zinc, gold and silver deposit clustered region, Liaodong rift zone,northeastern China

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science China earth {2. 2005年第4期48卷 467-476页

作者： CHEN Jiangfeng1, YU Gang1, XUE Chunji2. QIAN Hui1, HE Jianfeng1, XING Zhi1 & ZHANG Xun1 1. school of earth and Space {2., university of science and Technology of China, Hefei 2.002., China 2. Department of Geology, Chang’an university, Xi’an 710054, China 1. school of earth and Space {2. University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei China 2. Department of Geology Chang’an University 710054 Xi’an China

Pb isotopic analyses were reported for sulfide and hydrothermal carbonate minerals and marble of the Xiquegou lead-zinc, the Zhenzigou zinc-lead and the Gaojiapuzi silver deposits from the Qingchengzi ore field and the Beiwagou zinc-lead deposit in the west, Proterozoic Liaodong rift zone. Pb isotopic ratios of the marble from the Qingchengzi ore field range from 18.2. to 30.63 for 2.6 Pb/2.4Pb, 15.59 to 17.05 for2.7Pb/2.4Pb and 37.43 to 38.63 for 2.8Pb/2.4Pb. The marble gives a Pb-Pb isochron age of 182.±92.Ma, which is interpreted as the age of the metamorphism of the marble. Ore Pb, including Pb of sulfide and hydrothermal car- bonate minerals, from the Qingchengzi ore field shows limited variation with 2.6 Pb/2.4Pb=17.66- 17.96, 2.7 Pb/2.4Pb=15.60-15.74 and 2.8Pb/2.4Pb=37.94-38.60. In contrast, ore Pb from the Beiwagou deposit gives different Pb isotopic ratios with 2.6Pb/2.4Pb=15.68-15.81, 2.7 Pb/2.4Pb= 15.34-15.45 and 2.8Pb/2.4Pb=35.30-35.68. Pb of all deposits from the Liaodong rift zone is derived from the upper crust. Ore Pb of the Qingchengzi deposits is derived from a young upper crust. The model Th/U ratios of 4.40 to 4.74 for ore Pb are significantly different from that of 1.7 to 4.4 given by the marble of the Qingchengzi ore field, suggesting that marble is not the source of the ore Pb. Ore Pb of the Beiwagou deposit is extracted from its source and the deposit is formed at the Paleoproterozoic era. Different Pb isotopic ratios of the Qingchengzi ore field and the Beiwagou deposit are due to different ages of the deposits and suggest that the two types of deposits are derived from different sources and are possibly formed by different ore-forming processes.

关键词： Pb isotopes, source(s) of the ore-forming materials, origin of ore deposits, Liaodong rift zone.

Characteristics and origins of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived minerals from the Yishu area,Shandong Province,China

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science China earth {2. 2006年第1期49卷 77-87页

作者： MA Jinlong1,2. TAO Mingxin2.3 & YE Xianren2.1. Resources and Environmental school, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of {2., Lanzhou 730000, China 3. College of Resources science & Technology, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China 1. Resources and Environmental school Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 3. College of Resources science & Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Fluids and noble gases of mantle-derived materials are important tracers forthe mantle information. Compositions of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived mineralsfrom the Yishu area, Shandong Province, China, were tested by the methods of heat-bursting andheat-melting respectively. The fluids are mainly composed of CO_2. CO and H_2. which account forabout 90% of the total, and are similar to the mantle-derived rocks from other areas of easternChina; ratios of ~3He/~4He in almost all samples range from 0.82.Ra to 2.74 Ra, whereas^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar from 2.9.5 to 758.8. Both ranges are much lower than those of the typical oceanmantle-derived samples (such as MORB) and primarily reflect the influences of the atmosphericcomponents and the radiogenic isotopes. Ratios of C/~3He range from 2..6 x 10~9 to 1050 x 10~9,N_2.Ar from 92. to 56612. and N_2.~3He from 2.5 x 10~9 to 2. x 10~9, similar to those in westernUnited States and New Zealand which belong to the tectonic plate collision regions. The ratios fallin the intersect of mantle-crust-atmosphere in the comprehensive tracer-charts, reflecting theinfluences of the atmosphere and the crusts with organic components. Our results suggest that thecomposition of the primary fluids and the isotopic ratios of the noble gases may either reflect theevolution process of mantle-derived rocks connected with the rise and eruption of magma, or theinfluence of the ancient subduction-plate on the continental mantle of this region.

关键词： noble gases, primary fluids, mantle-derived minerals, Yishu area.

^(13)C NMR spectra of tectonic coals and the effects of stress on structural components

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science China earth {2. 2005年第9期48卷 1418-1437页

作者： JU Yiwen1,2. JIANG Bo1, HOU Quanlin2. WANG Guiliang1 & NI Shanqin2.1. College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences, China university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1008, China 2. Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Geosciences, graduate school of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology 221008 Xuzhou China 2. Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics College of Geosciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China

High-resolution 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of different kinds of tectonic coals were obtained using the NMR (CP/MAS+TOSS) method. On the basis of this, after simulation synthesis and division of spectra, the relative contents of carbon functional groups were calculated. Combined with results of Ro, max, XRD testing and element analysis, stress effects on the composition of macromolecular structures in tectonic coals were studied further. The results showed that Ro, max was not only the important index for describing coal rank, but was also effective for estimating the stress effect of tectonic coals. Under tectonic stress ac- tion, Ro, max was the most direct indicator of the coal structure and chemical components. Changes in the stacking Lc of the coal basic structure unit (BSU) and La/Lc parameters could distinguish the temperature and stress effects on metamorphic-deformed environments, and re- flected the degree of structural deformation. Therefore, on the whole, Lc and La/Lc can be used to index of the degree of structural deformation of tectonic coals. In different metamorphic and de- formed environments, different kinds of tectonic coals are formed under structural stress. The changes in characteristics of the macromolecular structure and chemical composition are such that as the increase in structural deformation becomes stronger, from the brittle deformation coal to ductile deformation coal, the ratio of width at the half height of the aromatic carbon and ali- phatic carbon peaks (Hfa/Hfal ) was increased. As carbon aromaticity was raised further, carbon aliphaticity reduced obviously and different compositions of macromolecular structure appeared as a jump and wave pattern except for in wrinkle structure coal, which might result chiefly from stress effects on the macromolecular structure of different kinds of tectonic coals. The macro- moecular changes of wrinkle structure coal are reflected mainly on physical structure. In the metamorphi

关键词： tectonic coal, NMR, macromolecular structure, chemical component, stress effect.

Statistical study on the relationship between halo CME and coronal dimming

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science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 2020-2024页

作者： LIU Kai1, XIA LiDong2. CHEN Yao2.& SONG HongQiang2.1 school of earth and Space {2., university of science and Technology of China, Hefei 2.002., China 2.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, school of Space science and Physics, Shandong university at Weihai, Weihai 2.42.9, China 1. school of earth and Space {2. University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment School of Space Science and Physics Shandong University at Weihai Weihai 264209 China

The data from SOHO/EIT and SOHO/LASCO observations are used to determine the relationship between coronal dimming and full halo CME (coronal mass ejection). The events of full halo CME examined in this study were observed by LASCO co-ronagraphs and taken from the CD AW CME catalog from 1996 to 2.08. Dimming events are identified by using difference images taken by EIT at the 195 A passband. We found strong relationship between full halo CMEs and the coronal dimming events, with up to 93.3% of the front-side halo CMEs associated with the EIT 195 A dimming events. Full halo CMEs that show no clear signatures of dimming usually have lower sky plane velocities (<700 km/s) compared to the mean velocity of CMEs associated with dimming.

关键词： Sun coronal mass ejection coronal dimming extreme-ultraviolet

Effects of salinity on methane gas hydrate system

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science China earth {2. 2007年第11期50卷 1733-1745页

作者： YANG DingHui1 & XU WenYue2.1 Department of Mathematical sciences, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, China 2.{2. of earth & Atmospheric sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332. USA 1. Department of Mathematical sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 2. school of earth & Atmospheric {2. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Using an approximately analytical formation, we extend the steady state model of the pure methane hydrate system to include the salinity based on the dynamic model of the methane hydrate system. The top and bottom boundaries of the methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ) and the actual methane hy-drate zone (MHZ), and the top of free gas occurrence are determined by using numerical methods and the new steady state model developed in this paper. Numerical results show that the MHZ thickness becomes thinner with increasing the salinity, and the stability is lowered and the base of the MHSZ is shifted toward the seafloor in the presence of salts. As a result, the thickness of actual hydrate occur-rence becomes thinner compared with that of the pure water case. On the other hand, since lower solubility reduces the amount of gas needed to form methane hydrate, the existence of salts in sea-water can actually promote methane gas hydrate formation in the hydrate stability zone. Numerical modeling also demonstrates that for the salt-water case the presence of methane within the field of methane hydrate stability is not sufficient to ensure the occurrence of gas hydrate, which can only form when the methane concentration dissolved in solution with salts exceeds the local methane solubility in salt water and if the methane flux exceeds a critical value corresponding to the rate of diffusive methane transport. In order to maintain gas hydrate or to form methane gas hydrate in marine sedi-ments, a persistent supplied methane probably from biogenic or thermogenic processes, is required to overcome losses due to diffusion and advection.

关键词： methane gas hydrate,solubility,stability of hydrate,salinity,phase equilibrium

Spatial heterogeneity of the driving forces of cropland change in China

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science China earth {2. 2005年第12期48卷 2231-2240页

作者： LIU Xuhua1,2. WANG Jinfeng1, LIU Mingliang4,1 & MENG Bin1,2.3 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. {2. school of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3. College of Arts and sciences of Beijing Union university, Beijing 100083, China 4. school of Forestry and Wildlife sciences, Auburn university, Auburn, Alabama, AL36849, USA 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. graduate school of the Chinese Academy of {2. 100039 Beijing China 3. school of Forestry and Wildlife sciences Auburn University Auburn AL36849 Alabama USA 4. College of Arts and sciences of Beijing Union university 100083 Beijing China

By using digital satellite remote sensing data acquired in 1987―1989 and 1999―2.00 and GIS combined with the natural and socio-economic data, this paper drew an integrated zonation of the cropland change and its driving forces in China. The results indicated that the cropland change in the study period was constrained by geographical factors and driven by cli-mate change as well as socio-economic system. Moreover, the regional differences of the drivers for cropland change were significant. In the midwest of China, natural condition changes and geographical background were the main constraints and drivers, while in Eastern China, social and economic changes and economic policies were the main driving forces. The cropland loss was nationwide. The dominant factors to cause this decrease included buildup of developing area to attract foreign capital and technologies, changes of industry structure due to urban in-fluence, the change of employment notions thanks to living standard improvement, rapid ur-banization due to the expansion of cities and towns, the diminished farming net income partly because of the global warming effects, and the rapid economic growth stimulated by the con-venient transportation system. These factors interact and interdepend with each other to cause the cropland loss in China recently. The reasons for the increase of cropland were primarily the cultivation and deforestation by the farmers who want to increase income. This study on the mechnism of LUCC relied on the cropland change integrated classification considering the natural or human factors both inside and outside the region, which provides a new approach to study the integrated regionalization and LUCC mechanism.

关键词： land use change, driving force, integrated classification, spatial statistics, cropland, China.

The developmental trend of labrum and median eyes of Orsten-type preserved Phosphatocopina (Crustacea)

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science China earth {2. 2010年第1期53卷 18-26页

作者： LIU Zheng 1,2.& DONG XiPing 1,2.1 school of earth and Space {2.,Peking university,Beijing 100871,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of {2.,Nanjing 2.0008,China 1. school of earth and Space {2. Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The Phosphatocopina (Crustacea,Arthropoda) is an important group of 'Orsten-type' preserved *** is resolved as the sister-group of *** we study the labrum,the median eyes,and the inner lamella of Phosphatocopina based on the selected specimens respectively from western Hunan,South China,and *** labrum characters of different species exhibit interspecific *** ratio of labrum length/shield length is significant to the reconstruction of the ontogeny of *** labrum characters should be introduced to the diagnosis of *** the earliest growth stage,the median eyes were inconspicuous,almost as flat as the other area of the ***,with the growth of the individuals they became *** were two obviously concave structures on the ventral side of the hypostome in later stages,which were the positions where the median eyes should have been *** addition,the two modes of preservation of the inner lamella,i.e.,that of shrinking and that of bulging up,are interpreted as the preservational artifact herein.

关键词： Phosphatocopina Crustacea Orsten-type preservation morphology ontogeny Cambrian South China Sweden

Development of environmental monitoring satellite systems in China

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science China earth {2. 2010年第S1期53卷 1-7页

作者： LI GuoPing1 & CAO ChunXiang2.1 school of earth and Space {2.,Peking university,Beijing 100871,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of {2. and Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100101,China 1. school of earth and Space {2. Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 China

With the increase in global environmental problems,the necessity and urgency of remote sensing technology being applied to environmental monitoring has been widely recognized around the *** has launched the environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellation HJ-1A/B and the FY3 atmosphere and environmental satellite,but they still cannot fully satisfy requirements for environmental *** paper summarizes the current status of satellite environmental monitoring in China and the existing problems of inadequate load design and low data utilization efficiency,and discusses the demand for environmental monitoring *** on the development of foreign satellite systems for environmental monitoring,the future development and key tasks of the environmental monitoring satellite system in China is discussed,as are some related initiatives.

关键词： environmental satellite environmental monitoring global climate change specialty load satellite system