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Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2.& ZHANG XueFeng3.1 petroleum Exploration and production {2., china petroleum & chemical corporation, beijing 100083. china 2.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. china 3.School of Resource and Information, china University of petroleum, beijing 102.49, china petroleum Exploration and production {2. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C2., C2. and C2. steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13. values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -3.1}53. and -3..3.‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13. values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -2..18‰ and -2..2.‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC2.) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC2.-/ΣnC2.+) are between 4.56 and 3..17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.2. and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

Alkaline diagenesis and its genetic mechanism in the Triassic coal measure strata in the Western Sichuan Foreland Basin,china

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petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 354-365页

作者： Jiang Zaixing Qiu Longwei Chen Guiju College of Energy China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China College of Earth Resources and Information China University of PetroleumShandong 257062China Sinopec Exploration and production Research institute Beijing 100083China

The reservoir of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T3.) in the Western Sichuan Foreland Basin is a set of terrigenous clastic rocks in an environment of coal measure sediments. Diagenesis greatly controls the physical properties of the reservoir through different responses of minerals to acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment. The dissolution of unstable components such as feldspar, rock fragments, carbonate cement, and clay minerals is the major source of secondary pores under acidic diagenesis, while the dissolution of quartz increases the reservoir space in the fault-fold zone of Longmen Mountain and Leikoupo paleo-hills. The dissolution of quartz is a result of cross-formation flow of fluid in the Himalaya epoch and the invasion of alkaline formation water from the Triassic Leikoupo and Jialingjiang formations through fault and fracture systems. In the vertical succession, acidic dissolution occurs at a shallow depth of less than 2.180 m, and alkaline dissolution occurs at a greater depth of more than 2.2.0 m. The reservoir space is formed by the influence of both acidic and alkaline dissolution in the depth interval of 2.180–2.2.0 m.

关键词： Sichuan Basin upper Triassic alkaline diagenesis porosity genetic mechanism

Geochemical characteristics of pyrolysis gas from epimetamorphic rocks in the northern basement of Songliao Basin,Northeast china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 140-147页

作者： YANG Chun 1 ,LUO Xia 2.,LI Jian 2.,LI ZhiSheng 2.,LIU QuanYou 3.&Wang YuLin 4 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 3.002.,china 2.Research institute of {2. Exploration and Development(Langfang Branch),Langfang 065007,china 3.Research institute of {2. Exploration and Development,beijing 100083.china 4 Department of Source and Environment,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 12.000,china Zhejiang Univ Dept Earth Sci Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Branch Langfang 065007 Peoples R China Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Liaoning Tech Univ Dept Source & Environm Fuxing 123000 Peoples R China

The Xushen gas field,located in the north of Songliao Basin,is a potential giant gas area for china in the *** proved reserves have exceeded 1000×10 8 m 3.by the end of ***,the origin of natural gases from the deep strata is still in *** rocks as a potential gas source are widely spreading in the northern basement of Songliao *** to pyrolysis experiments for these rocks in the semi-confined system,gas production and geochemistry of alkane gases are discussed in this *** Carboniferous-Permian epimetamorphic rocks were heated from 3.0℃to 550℃,with temperature interval of 50℃.The gas production was quantified and measured for {3. and carbon isotopic *** show thatδ13. 1 is less than?2.‰,carbon isotope trend of alkane gas isδ13. 1 3. 2.3. 3.orδ13. 1 3. 2.>δ13. 3.,these features suggest that the gas would be coal-type gas at high-over maturity,not be inorganic gas with reversal trend of gaseous alkanes (δ13. 1 >δ13. 2.>δ13. 3.).These characteristics of carbon isotopes are similar with the natural gas from the basin basement,but disagree with gas from the Xingcheng ***,the mixing gases from the pyrolysis gas with coal-typed gases at high-over maturity or oil-typed gases do not cause the reversal trend of carbon *** gas generation intensity for epimetamorphic rocks is 3.0×10 8 ―2..8×10 8 m 3./km 2.,corresponding to Ro from 2.0%to 3.5%for organic matter.

关键词： Northern Songliao Basin epimetamorphic rock pyrolysis experiment gas generation potential carbon isotope

Micro-mechanisms of residual oil mobilization by viscoelastic fluids

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petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Zhang Lijuan Yue Xiang＇an Guo Fenqiao Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Development Department Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute Beijing 100083 China

Four typical types of residual oil, residual oil trapped in dead ends, oil ganglia in pore throats, oil at pore corners and oil film adhered to pore walls, were studied. According to main pore structure characteristics and the fundamental morphological features of residual oil, four displacement models for residual oil were proposed, in which pore-scale flow behavior of viscoelastic fluid was analyzed by a numerical method and micro-mechanisms for mobilization of residual oil were discussed. Calculated results indicate that the viscoelastic effect enhances micro displacement efficiency and increases swept volume. For residual oil trapped in dead ends, the flow field of viscoelastic fluid is developed in dead ends more deeply, resulting in more contact with oil by the displacing fluid, and consequently increasing swept volume. In addition, intense viscoelastic vortex has great stress, under which residual oil becomes small oil ganglia, and finally be carried into main channels. For residual oil at pore throats, its displacement mechanisms are similar to the oil trapped in dead ends. Vortices are developed in the depths of the throats and oil ganglia become smaller. Besides, viscoelastic fluid causes higher pressure drop on oil ganglia, as a driving force, which can overcome capillary force, consequently, flow direction can be changed and the displacing fluid enter smaller throats. For oil at pore corners, viscoelastic fluid can enhance displacement efficiency as a result of greater velocity and stress near the corners. For residual oil adhered to pore wall, viscoelastic fluid can provide a greater displacing force on the interface between viscoelastic fluid and oil, thus, making it easier to exceed the minimum interfacial tension for mobilizing the oil film.

关键词： Viscoelastic chemical flooding displacement mechanism residual oil swept volume

Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 144-149页

作者： QIAO Wei1,WANG Wei2.ZHU CuiPing3.& ZHANG ZhongZhi1 1 College of chemical Science and Engineering,china University of {2.,beijing 102.49,china 2.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,beijing 10084,china 3.J & K china Cleaning Energy Technology Co.Ltd.,beijing 100085,china 1. College of chemical Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China3. J & K China Cleaning Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing 100085 China

Biogas generated from sewage sludge,livestock waste,and food waste by anaerobic digestion is a valuable renewable energy ***,conventional anaerobic digestion is not an efficient process.A long hydraulic retention time and low biogas recovery rate hinder the applications of those *** effective pretreatment method to destroy sludge microbial cells has been one of the major concerns regarding improvement of the biogas *** article focuses on the effects of microwave heating on sludge anaerobic *** suspended solid(VSS) and chemical organic demand solubilization of heated sludge were *** heating was found to be a rapid and efficient process for releasing organic substrates from *** increase of organic dissolution ratio was not obvious when holding time was over 5 min with microwave *** effect of the VSS solubilization was primarily dependent on heating *** highest value of VSS dissolving ratio,3..4%,was obtained at 170°C for 3. *** COD dissolving ratio was about 2.% at 170°*** organic carbon of treated sludge liquor was 1.98 and 2.73.g/L at 150°C and 170°C for 5 min,respectively.A biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of excess sludge and a mixture of primary and excess sludge demonstrated an increase in biogas *** total biogas from microwave treated mixture sludge increased by 12.9% to 2..2. over control after 3. days of *** {2. was 11.1% to 2..9% higher for excess sludge than for untreated *** VS removal ratios of mixture sludge and excess sludge were 12. and 11% higher,respectively,compared to the untreated sludge.

关键词： biogas recovery microwave heating sludge anaerobic digestion

Supply Clean Energy to Create Harmonious Environment

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china petroleum Processing & Petro{2. Technology 2003年第2期5卷 1-3页

作者： Speech at JCCP Symposium WangTianpu(Vice President of china petroleum & chemical corporation, beijing {2. china petroleum/{2. {3. Beijing 100083 China

Ladies and Gentlemen:To discuss the development orientation of the oil industryunder new circumstances, JCCP has decided the topic of this year's Intemational Symposium as "The Development & Har-mony of the Oil industry on the Global View". This topicreflects the common wish by the global oil community thatenvironment improvement and social responsibility shouldgo hand in hand with the development of oil industry.

关键词：清洁能源环境保护石油工业工业发展

Combination and superimposition of source kitchens and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin,west china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 59-72页

作者： Zhang Zhihuan Qin Liming Qiu Nansheng Zhong Ningning Zhang Zhenying Li Wei State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China beijing institute of Economic Management Hebei 102602 China SINOPEC International petroleum Exploration and production {2. Beijing 100083 China

In the hinterland of the Junggar Basin, there are multiple depressions with multiple sets of source rocks. Therefore, the conditions of hydrocarbon sources are complex, and the geochemical characteristics and sources of hydrocarbon vary in different structural belts. The evolution of the Che- Mo palaeohigh affected the formation of hydrocarbon source kitchens and hydrocarbon migration. We studied the combination and superimposition of hydrocarbon source kitchens, using as an example the hinterland of the Junggar Basin （including the Yongjin, Zhengshacun, Moxizhuang and Luliang uplift areas）. The study was based on geochemical analyses of crude oil and fluid inclusions, and the histories of tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation. The results indicated that before the Paleogene there were two hydrocarbon-generating depressions： the Western Well Penl depression and the Changji depression on the south and north sides of the Che-Mo palaeohigh, respectively. The Permian source kitchen had been generating hydrocarbon continuously since Triassic and reached high maturity stage in the Cretaceous period. After Paleogene, the adjustment of the Che-Mo palaeohigh led to the subsidence of the Changji depression and the Jurassic source rocks reached mature stage and became the main source kitchens. However, the Jurassic source rocks in the Western Well Penl depression were still in a low maturity stage and did not generate oil because of the adjustment of tectonic movements. As a result, in the central and southern parts of the Junggar Basin, Jurassic source rocks generated oil, but in the Luliang uplift, the crude oil was from the Permian source rocks in the Western Well Penl depression and the Jurassic source rocks did not contribute. The crude oil in the central Zhengshacun-Moxizhuang belt was from the Permian source rocks in two depressions, and partially from the Jurassic source rocks. The crude oil in the Luliang uplift was from the source rocks of the lower Permian F

关键词： Hinterland of the Junggar Basin hydrocarbon source kitchen oil source combination and superimposition accumulation stage

Tectonic stress field and its effect on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Mesozoic and Cenozoic in Kuqa depression, Tarim basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第Z2期47卷 114-124页

作者： ZENG Lianbo1, TAN Chengxuan2.& ZHANG Mingli3.1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in petroleum University, Ministry of Education, beijing 102.49, {2. 2. institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 100081, {2. 3. institute of Exploration and Development, {2. petroleum and chemical {13., beijing 100083. china Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in petroleum University Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China institute of Exploration and Development China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Beijing 100083 China

Through rock acoustic emission experiments and structural deformation analysis, the tectonic stages in Meso-Cenozoic in the Kuqa depression of the Tarim basin are firstly divided. Then, combining with rock magnetic fabric analysis and memory information, the distribution characteristics of tectonic stress field of every tectonic stage are quantificationally resumed. At the same time, according to the distribution relation of tectonic stress field of hydrocarbon for-mation stage by the finite element numerical simulation method and the known hydrocarbon reservoirs, the effects of tectonic stress field on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation are further analyzed. The Kuqa depression has mainly experienced six tectonic movements since Mesozoic. Except that the tectonic stress field of the Early Yanshan stage (2.8—13. Ma) showed northeast-southwest extensional stress field where the orientation of the maximum prin-cipal compressive stress (s 1) was northwest-southeast, the others were compressive stress field where the orientations of the maximum principal compressive stress (s 1) were near north-south. Along with the closure of the paleo-Tethys ocean, the Kuqa depression in the Indosinian stage (2.0—2.8 Ma) was in strong compressive circumstance with apparently big maximum principal stress (s 1) magnitude. Due to the equilibrium adjustment of interior Eurasia, the Kuqa depression in the Early Yanshan stage (2.8—13. Ma) was in weak extensional circumstance with appar-ently small maximum principal stress (s 1) magnitude. From the Late Yanshan stage (13.—65 Ma) on, with a series of collision events occurring at the south edge of Eurasia, the Kuqa depression was in compressive circumstance again in which the maximum principal stress (s 1) magnitude was from small to big in turn. The Late Himalayan stage (2.6—0.7 Ma) was the main tectonic deformation stage with the biggest principal compressive stress (s 1) magnitude. Tectonic stress field plays a dominant role in hydroca

关键词： tectonic stress field, Meso-Cenozoic, hydrocarbon formation, Kuqa depression, Tarim basin.

Functional characterization of a biosurfactant-producing thermo-tolerant bacteria isolated from an oil reservoir

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petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 353-356页

作者： Wang Jing Ji Guang Tian Jing Zhang Hongdan Dong Hanping Yu Li College of chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploitation and Development China National Petroleum Corporation Hebei 065007 China

A Bacillus subtilis strain JA-1 isolated from an oil reservoir was studied. This strain is capable of growth and producing biosurfactant at a temperature of 60 ℃. In nutrient medium it produced biosurfactant which reduced the surface tension from 68.2.mN/m to 2..3.mN/m, with the critical micelle concentration （CMC） of 48 mg/L. The measured surface tension indicated that the biosurfactant possessed stable surface activity at high temperature and a specific range of pH and salt concentrations. The results of thin layer chromatography （TLC） together with FT-IR showed that the metabolic product of strain JA-1 is a lipopeptide biosurfactant. The ability to growth at high temperature and to produce biosurfactant makes strain JA-1 promising for enhanced oil recovery.

关键词： Biosurfactant bacillus subtilis lipopeptide surface tension critical micelle concentration(CMC)