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Three-year changes of surface albedo of degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semiarid area

Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第8期53卷 1246-1254页

作者： LIU HuiZhi1↑, TU Gang2.3 & DONG WenJie4 1 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2.Laboratory of research for {2.-high latitude circulation system and east asia monsoon, china meteorological administration, changchun 130062. china 3 Institute of {12. Science of Jilin Province, changchun 130062. china 4 National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, china State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of research for middle-{2. latitude circulation system and east asia monsoon China Meteorological Administration Changchun China Institute of meteorological Science of Jilin Province Changchun China National Climate Center Beijing China

Diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations of surface albedo of degraded grassland and cropland surfaces at a semiarid area of Tognyu have been investigated based on the continuous three years observational data from 2.03 to 2.05. The changes of surface albedo with solar elevation angle and soil moisture have been discussed also. It has been found that surface albedo has almost the same diurnal and seasonal variations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in the semiarid area, while sur- face albedo is large in winter and small in summer. The diurnal variation of the surface albedo has re- lationship with the weather condition. The diurnal cycle of the surface albedo likes the "U" shape curve in sunny day, while it is low-high after the rain, and high-low after the snow. The surface albedo has large variation in cloudy day, while it has no any variation in overcast day. The large difference of the surface albedo can be 0.04 in winter between two land surfaces, because the snow has large effects on the surface albedo in winter. The rainfall is an important factor in summer on the surface albedo, while the difference of the surface albedo is 0.01 only between two land surfaces. The differences of the surface albedo can also be 0.04 in autumn due to vegetation growing. The seasonal-average surface albeo from 2.03―2.05 is 0.2., 0.2., 0.2., 0.32.respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter on the degraded grassland surface,while it is 0.2., 0.2., 0.2., 0.33 respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter on the cropland surface. The surface albedo becomes smaller with the increase of solar elevation angle. When the solar elevation angle is greater than 40°, the surface albedo changes very little and tends to be a constant. The surface albedo has negative exponent functions with soil moisture in the growing season.

关键词：半干旱地区表面反照率土壤湿度草地退化

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Dusty cloud radiative forcing derived from satellite data for middle latitude regions of {2. asia

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1084-1089页

作者： HUANG Jianping , WANG Yujie, WANG Tianhe and YI Yuhong ( College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, china Gansu Provincial meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou 73002., china) College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Gansu Provincial meteorological Bureau Lanzhou 730020 China

The dusty cloud radiative forcing over the middle latitude regions of {2. asia was estimated by using the 2.year (July 2.02.June 2.04) data of collocated clouds and the Earth's radiant energy system (CERES) scanner and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) from Aqua Edition IB SSF (single scanner footprint). The dusty cloud is defined as the cloud in dust storm environment or dust contaminated clouds. For clouds growing in the presence of dust, the instantaneous short-wave (SW) forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is about - 2.5. 7 W/m for cloud over dust (COD) region. The clouds developing in no-dust cloud (CLD) regions yield the most negative short-wave (SW) forcing ( - 311.0 W/m2., which is about 12.8% stronger than those in COD regions. For long-wave (LW) radiative forcing, the no-dust cloud (CLD) is around 102.8 W/m2., which is 2.% less than the LW forcing from COD regions. The instantaneous TOA net radiative forcing for the CLD region is about - 2.8.2.W/m2. which is 42.1 % larger than the values of COD regions. The existence of dust aerosols under clouds significantly reduces the cooling effect of clouds.

关键词： dust storm cloud radiative forcing global warming dust aerosol-cloud-climate interaction.

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Effect of non-spherical dust aerosol on its direct radiative forcing

Effect of non-spherical dust aerosol on its direct radiative...

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强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第2.届中国气象学会年会

作者： Zhili Wang a,Hua Zhang b,Xianwen Jing a,b,Xiaodong Wei c a Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,china b Laboratory for Climate Studies,National Climate Center,china meteorological administration,Beijing 100081,china c meteorological Center,east china Bureau of Air Control,Shanghai 2.1702.china

The optical properties of spherical and non-spherical dust aerosols are calculated using the Lorenz-Mie theory and the combination of T-matrix method and an improved geometric optics *** resulting optical properties are then applied in an interactive system that coupled a general circulation model with an aerosol model to quantitatively analyze the effect of non-spherical dust aerosol on its direct radiative forcing(DRF).Our results show that the maximum difference in dust instantaneous radiative forcing(IRF) between spherical and non-spherical particles is 0.2. W m-2.at the top of the atmosphere(TOA) and appears over the Sahara Desert due to enhanced absorption of solar radiation by non-spherical *** global annual means of shortwave(longwave) IRFs due to spherical and non-spherical dust aerosols at the TOA for all sky are-0.62.0.074) W m-2.and-0.61(0.073) W m-2.respectively,and the corresponding values for clear sky are-1.16(0.092. W m-2.and-1.14(0.093) W m-2.which indicates that the non-spherical effect of dust has almost no effect on their global annual mean ***,non-spherical dust displays more evident influences than above on its atmospheric-and land-temperature adjusted radiative forcing(ARF) at the TOA over the Saharan Desert,West {2.,and northern china,with an approximate maximum increase of 3.0 and decrease of 0.5 W *** global annual means of shortwave(longwave) ARFs due to spherical and non-spherical dust aerosols are-0.55(0.052. W m-2.and-0.48(0.049) W m-2.at the TOA for all sky,respectively,and the corresponding values for clear sky are-1.07(0.066) W m-2.and-0.95(0.062. W *** ARFs of dust become much weaker than their corresponding *** absolute values of annual mean ARF for non-spherical dust are approximately 13%(11.2.) and 6%(6%) less than those of spherical dust for the shortwave and longwave for all sky(clear sky),*** results indicate that the non-spherical effect of dust can reduce their ARFs more obvio

关键词： Dust Spherical/Non-spherical Particles IRF ARF

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Data Assimilation of Dust Aerosol Observations for CUACE/Dust Forecasting system

Data Assimilation of Dust Aerosol Observations for CUACE/Dus...

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第三届中日韩气象学术会议

作者： T.Niu~1 S.L.Gong~(2.1) G.F.Zhu~3 H.L.Liu~1 X.Q.Hu~4 C.H.Zhou~1 Y.Q.Wang~1 ~1Center for Atmosphere Watch & Services(CAWAS)Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences china meteorological administration(CMA) Beijing 100081 {2. ~2.ir Quality research Division Science & Technology Branch Environment Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada ~3State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences china meteorological administration(CMA) Beijing 100081 {2. ~4National Satellite meteorological Center china meteorological administration(NSMC/CMA) Beijing 100081 {2.

＜正＞A data assimilation system （DAS） was developed for the Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment-Dust （CUACE/Dust） forecast system and applied in the operational forecasts of sand and dust storm （SDS） in spring *** system is based on a three dimensional variational method （3D-Var） and uses extensively the measurements of surface visibility and dust loading retrieval from the Chinese geostationary satellite *** results show that a major improvement to the capability of CUACE/Dust in forecasting the short-term variability in the spatial distribution and intensity of dust concentrations has been achieved,especially in those areas far from the source *** seasonal mean Threat Score （TS） over the east asia in spring 2.06 increased from 0.2. to 0.31 by using the data assimilation system, a 41% *** assimilation results usually agree with the dust loading retrieved from FY-2. and visibility distribution from surface meteorological stations, which indicates that the 3D-Var method is very powerful for the unification of observation and numerical modeling results.

关键词： data assimilation 3D-Var method visibility satellite dust loading

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Ionospheric total electron content variations prior to the 2.08 Wenchuan Earthquake

Ionospheric total electron content variations prior to the 2...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2.10年度)学术年会

作者： BIQIANG ZHAO~*+,MIN WANG++,TAO YU§,GUIRONG XU, WEIXING WAN+ and LIBO LIU+ + Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10002.,china ++ Institute of Earthquake Science china Earthquake {2., Beijing 100036,china§National Center for Space Weather,china meteorological {2., Beijing 100081,china Institute of Heavy Rain,china meteorological {2.,Wuhan 430074,china

On 12.May 2.08 at 06:2. UT a major earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck Wenchuan County(31.0°N,103.4°E) in southwest *** total electron content(TEC) values,derived from a network of 58 global positioning system(GPS) receivers over china and nearby countries,were used to investigate the ionospheric precursor of the great *** observations revealed that there was an anomalous enhancement in TEC(100%increase on the 15-day median) during the afternoon-evening sector on 9 May 2.08 while geomagnetic conditions were quiet(K≤2..The TEC variations on the west side and {2. side of the epicentre show large dissimilarity on 9 May *** constructing the longitude /latitude TEC map,the distribution of the region predominated by increased TEC values was shown to be localized at longitudes 90-130°*** results suggest that this abnormal enhancement was most possibly a seismo-ionospheric signature.

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GPS TEC response to the 2. July 2.09 total solar eclipse in east asia

GPS TEC response to the 22 July 2009 total solar eclipse in ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2.10年度)学术年会

作者： Feng Ding,Weixing Wan,Baiqi Ning,Libo Liu,Huijun Le,Guirong Xu, Min Wang,Guozhu Li,Yiding Chen,Zhipeng Ren,Bo Xiong,Lianhuan Hu, Xinan Yue,Biqiang Zhao,Fengqin Li,and Min Yang 1 Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,china. 2.Institute of Heavy Rain,china {2. administration, Wuhan,china. 3 Institute of Earthquake Science,china Earthquake administration, Beijing,china. 4 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,china. 5 University Corporation for Atmospheric research,Boulder,Colorado, USA.

[1]The longest total solar eclipse of this century occurred in east and South asia on 2. July *** eclipse was accompanied with a medium magnetic storm,whose main phase onset occurred～2. min after the passage of the Moon’s umbral *** TEC data from 60 GPS stations,we construct differential TEC maps to investigate the ionosphere response to the solar eclipse in central {2. in the range of 2.°N-36°N, 108°E-118°E(i.e.,the magnetic latitude 15°N-2.°N).During the eclipse’s totality,a "shadow" in the ionosphere shown as TEC depletion area was formed～100 km south of the Moon’s umbral path with a maximum decrease of 5 *** TEC depletion area moved eastward,following the movement of the totality area with a time lag of～10 min. Enhancements of TEC due to the storm are observed after the main phase *** relative drop of TEC due to the solar eclipse is evidently larger at lower latitudes than that at higher ones and around noontime than that in the *** modeling work,we find that the latitudinal dependence of the TEC response may result from latitudinal variation of magnetic inclination,which influences the diffusion of ionization among different ***,the local time dependence of TEC response is closely related to the local time variation of background atmosphere density,which affects the electron loss efficiency in the ionosphere.

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CUACE/Dust:an Operational SDS Forecasting system for east {2.:

CUACE/Dust:an Operational SDS Forecasting System for East As...

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第三届中日韩气象学术会议

作者： C.H.Zhou~1 S.L.Gong~(2.1) X.Y.Zhang~1 Y.Q.Wang~1 T.Niu~1 H.L.Liu~1 T.L.Zhao~2.Y.Q.Yang~1 Q.Hou~1 ~1Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services(CAWAS)Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences china meteorological administration(CMA) Beijing 100081 {2. ~2.ir Quality research Division Science & Technology Branch Environment Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada

＜正＞CUACE/Dust,an operational mesoscale sand and dust storm（SDS）forecasting system for east {2.,has been developed by online coupling dust aerosol emission scheme and dust aerosol microphysics onto a meteorological model with MPDATA advection scheme and k-diffusion scheme *** inputs contain meteorology from a CMA operational medium range model T2.3 and a detailed Northeast {2. soil erosion *** also includes a 3DVar data assimilation system that uses visibility and dust storm records from weather stations,PM10 data from dust observation network and dust intensity data IDDI retrieved from the Chinese Geostationary Satellite FY-2. and a TS scoring *** spring 2.06, CUACE/Dust successfully forecasted 2. of the 31 SDS episodes in east {2..A detailed comparison of the modeling predictions for the March 8-12.episode with surface network observations and lidar measurements revealed a robust forecasting ability of the *** time series of the forecasted dust concentrations for a number of representative stations for the whole spring 2.06 were also evaluated against surface PM 10 monitoring data,showing a very good agreement in terms of the SDS timing and magnitudes at and near the source regions where dust aerosols *** the entire domain forecasts in spring 2.06（March 1-May 31）,a TS （thread score）system evaluated the performance of the system against all available observations and rendered an averaged TS value of 0.31 for 2. hr forecasts,0.2. for 48 hr and 72.hr forecasts.

关键词： Sand and Dust Storm Forecasting CUACE/Dust asia

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Study of One Rainstorm Being Affected by Two Weather systems in Jinzhou Area

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meteorological and Environmental research 2011年第4期2卷 30-32,38页

作者： YAN Zhi-yu, YANG Gui-juan Jinzhou meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 12.001, china

[Objective] The aim was to study one rainstorm process being affected by two weather system. [Method] Influenced by high trough and Mongolia cold front, high latitude trough and subtropical high shear, rainstorm occurred in Jinzhou from October 19 to 2. in 2.10. In order to make the analysis clear, there were two precipitation stages. Considering precipitation, weather situation, satellite image and numerical forecast, the rainstorm process was discussed. [Result] There were two raining stages during this precipitation. The first stage was affected by high altitude trough and ground Mongolia cold front, and the last stage was influenced by high altitude trough and subtropical high shear;the high latitude air, low latitude shear,low air torrent,subtropical high and their mutual coupling effect were the main influencing system and cause for this rainstorm. Satellite image suggested that there was convective cloud developing,weakening, disappearing and regenerating around the convective cloud of water vapor passage, showing distinct train operation state. The strengthening and weakening cloud image fitted the real precipitation. Numerical forecast precisely predicted the upper air and ground situation of the generation of rainstorm, especially the report of the east-retreating and south-falling trend of subtropical high;European center forecast fitted reality. There was certain error in predicting T639. Precipitation forecast was fine. [Conclusion] The study provided basis for the meteorological service work in future.

关键词： Influencing system Rainstorm Process analysis Jinzhou area china

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Impact of Abnormal Climate on Agriculture in Fushun City in 2.10

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meteorological and Environmental research 2011年第5期2卷 20-23页

作者： SUN Gui-shuang,WU Chun-ying,ZHANG Yu,JING Xing Fushun meteorological Bureau in Liaoning Province,Fushun 113006,china

[Objective] The aim was to study the influence of abnormal climate in Fushun City in 2.10 and its influences on agriculture.[Method] In response to the abnormal climate in Fushun in 2.10,the atmosphere circulation characteristics of abnormal climate and their influences on each aspect of agriculture were expounded.[Result] The abnormal weather in Fushun City in 2.10 was as follows:extreme low temperature in spring,much precipitation,more precipitation in each month,less sunshine hours,abnormally less precipitation in July and August,having five times of heavy *** main atmosphere circulation features were extreme strong of vortex in March and frequent cold air activity;strong {2. pressure ridge in Mountain Ural in middle April,west and strong east asian Trough and strong front in middle and north part of asia;middle and {2. latitude in asia in May was wide trough *** subtropical {2. ridge of the north front was more north than that in other common years and the position of west ridge was more conductive to the transportation of water vapor and formation of rain;because of extreme strong vortex in July and August,subtropical {2. was conductive to the cold air in the north moving south and the transportation of south water *** extreme climate brought adverse influences on each aspect of agriculture and resulted into large economic losses.[Conclusion] The study provided references for the improvement of abnormal climate forecast and disaster prevention capacity.

关键词： Abnormal climate Subtropical high Agricultural influence Fushun City china

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An improved mesoscale dust forecasting system RAPES/CUACE/dust over east {2.: 1. online coupling dust-assimilation-direct radiative processes

An improved mesoscale dust forecasting system RAPES/CUACE/du...

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第2.届中国气象学会年会

作者： Hong Wang 1 Tao Niu1 Xiaoye Zhang 1 Sunling Gong 1 2.1Center for Atmosphere Watch and Service(CAWAS) Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences(CAMS) Beijing china.2.ir Quality {2. Division Science & Technology Branch Environment Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada 3State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Atmospheric(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Beijing china.

＜正＞*** emission and transport models has been becoming more and more important in regional dust forecasting and are providing valuable quantitative prediction of dusts concentration and aerosol optical depth（AOD）etc in different area and regions[e.g.,Wang et al.,2.00;Park and In,2.03;Gong et al.,2.03;Liu et al.,2.03;Shao et al.,2.03;Uno et al.,2.01,2.03;Zhou et al.,2.08;Wang et al.,2.09.]

关键词： dust prediction radiation parameterization direct radiative effects data assimilation

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