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Pitfalls in the analysis of ancient human mtDNA

chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第8期48卷 826-830页

作者： yAO yonggang1,3 & ZHANG yaping1,2.1. laboratory of Molecular evolution and Genome Diversity, {2. Institute of Zoology, chinese academy of sciences, {2. 6502.3, china 2. laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, yunnan university, {2. 650091, china 3. graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, {12. 100039, china Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang yaping (e-mail: zhang- yp1@***) laboratory of Molecular evolution and Genome Diversity Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

The retrieval of DNA from ancient human specimens is not always successful owing to DNA deteriora-tion and contamination although it is vital to provide new insights into the genetic structure of ancient people and to reconstruct the past history. Normally, only short DNA fragments can be retrieved from the ancient specimens. How to identify the authenticity of DNA obtained and to uncover the information it contained are difficult. We employed the ancient mtDNAs reported from Central Asia (including Xin-jiang, china) as an example to discern potentially extraneous DNA contamination based on the updated mtDNA phylog-eny derived from mtDNA control region, coding region, as well as complete sequence information. Our results demon-strated that many mtDNAs reported are more or less prob-lematic. Starting from a reliable mtDNA phylogeney and combining the available modern data into analysis, one can ascertain the authenticity of the ancient DNA, distinguish the potential errors in a data set, and efficiently decipher the meager information it harbored. The reappraisal of the mtDNAs with the age of more than 2.00 years from Central Asia gave support to the suggestion of extensively (pre)historical gene admixture in this region.

关键词：古代人类遗传构造 DNA 脱氧核糖核酸

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evolutionary pattern of the regulatory network for flower development:Insights gained from a comparison of two Arabidopsis species

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Journal of Systematics and evolution 2011年第6期49卷 528-538页

作者： 1,2.yang LIU 1,2.hun-Ce GUO 1Gui-Xia XU 1Hong-yan SHAN 1Hong-Zhi KONG 1(State Key laboratory of Systematic and evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,{2.,beijing 100093,china) 2.graduate university of {2.,beijing 100049,china) (State Key laboratory of Systematic and evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (graduate university of {2. Beijing 100049 China)

Previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana and other model plants have indicated that the development of a flower is controlled by a regulatory network composed of genes and the interactions among *** on the evolution of this network will therefore help understand the genetic basis that underlies flower *** this study,by reviewing the most recent published work,we added 31 genes into the previously proposed regulatory network for flower ***,the number of genes reached *** then compared the composition,structure,and evolutionary rate of these genes between *** and one of its allies,*** found that two genes(FLC and MAF2.show 1:2.and 2.2.relationships between the two species,suggesting that they have experienced independent,post-speciation *** the remaining 58 genes,35(60.3%)have diverged in exon-intron structure and,consequently,code for proteins with different sequence features and *** evolutionary analyses further revealed that,although most floral genes have evolved under strong purifying selection,some have evolved under relaxed or changed constraints,as evidenced by the elevation of nonsynonymous substitution rates and/or the presence of positively selected *** together,these results suggest that the regulatory network for flower development has evolved rather rapidly,with changes in the composition,structure,and functional constraint of genes,as well as the interactions among them,being the most important contributors.

关键词： Arabidopsis evolution flower development regulatory network.

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Preparation of Pt/K_2.a_2.i_3O_(10) and its photo-catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from methanol water solution

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第2期49卷 162-168页

作者： CUI Wenquan1,3, LIU Li2. FENG Liangrong1, XU Chenghua1, LI Zijian1, Lü Shaojie1 & QIU Fali1 1. Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Chengdu 610041, china 2. Chemistry Department, Sichuan {2. of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643033, china 3. graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china Correspondence should be addressed to Qiu Fali Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Chemistry Department Sichuan University of Science & Engineering Zigong China

A layered perovskite-type oxide K2.a2.i3O10 was prepared with high-temperature solid-state reaction, and characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse re-flectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Platinum was loaded onto K2.a2.i3O10 as a co-catalyst with different methods. The dispersion of platinum on K2.a2.i3O10 was determined with HOT method. The photocatalytic activity of Pt/K2.a2.i3O10 was studied. This catalyst showed much higher activity in hydrogen evolution reaction than Ni/K2.a2.i3O10. The effects of different amounts of loaded platinum and several preparation methods were evaluated. The best achieved hydrogen evolution rate was 2.3.88 μmol·h?1 by Pt(2.)/K2.a2.i3O10. A possible band {2. and mechanism were discussed based on the results.

关键词： photocatalysis hydrogen platinum K_2.a_2.i_3O_(10) support

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Sequencing,annotation and comparative analysis of nine BACs of the giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

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Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 107-111页

作者： ZHENG yang1,2.3,CAI Jing4,LI JianWen3,6,LI Bo3,LIN RunMao3,TIAN Feng3,WANG XiaoLing3 & WANG Jun3,5 1beijing Institute of Genomics,chinese academy of sciences(CAS),beijing 10002.,china 2.ollege of Life Science,graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518083,china 4CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group on evolutionary Genomics,State Key {12. of Genetic Resources and evolution,kunming Institute of Zoology,chinese academy of sciences(CAS),kunming 6502.3,china 5Department of Biology,university of Copenhagen,Copenhagen DK-2.00,Denmark 6School of Biological Science and Engineering,South china university of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,china beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing China College of Life Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Shenzhen China CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group on evolutionary Genomics State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Kunming China School of Biological Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

A 10-fold BAC library for the giant panda was constructed and nine BACs were selected to generate finish *** BACs could be used as a validation resource for the de novo assembly accuracy of the whole genome shotgun sequencing reads of the giant panda newly generated by Illumina GA sequencing *** Sanger sequencing,assembly,annotation and comparative analysis were carried out on the selected BACs of a joint length 878 *** search and de novo prediction methods were used to annotate genes and *** protein coding genes were predicted,seven of which could be functionally *** seven genes have an average gene size of about 41 kb,an average coding size of about 1.2.kb and an average exon number of 6 per ***,seven tRNA genes were *** 2. percent of the BAC sequence is composed of repeats.A phylogenetic tree was constructed using a neighbor-join algorithm across five species,including the giant panda,human,dog,cat and mouse,which reconfirms dog as the most closely related species to the giant *** results provide detailed sequence and structure information for new genes and repeats of the giant panda,which will be helpful for further studies about the giant panda.

关键词： giant panda BAC sequencing assembly annotation evolution

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Early agricultural development and environmental effects in the Neolithic Longdong basin(eastern Gansu)

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第8期56卷 762-771页

作者： ZHOU Xinying LI XiaoQiang ZHAO KeLiang DODSON John SUN Nan yANG Qing State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China laboratory of Human evolution and Archeological Science Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China graduate university of {2. Beifing 100049 China Institute for Environmental Research the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Sydney NSW 1001 Australia

Neolithic agricultural development and environmental effects in the Longdong area were reconstructed using a synthetic approach,investigating pollen,charcoal,and seed remains for two cultural layer sections and five flotation *** show that Neolithic agriculture in the Longdong area had a simple organization and was dominated by the production of common millet,especially in the early and middle yangshao *** the late yangshao age,Neolithic agriculture developed into a more complex structure,dominated by both common and foxtail millet and the cultivation of rice and *** production of foxtail millet gradually increased through the Neolithic period,reaching its highest point during the Qijia *** were first cultivated during the late yangshao culture,approximately 5000 cal a *** production began no later than 4800 cal a BP,and continued to exist in the Qijia culture,approximately 4000 cal a *** production in Neolithic Longdong,specifically in the "yuan" area of the loess plateau,developed as a shrub and grass dominated *** in the river valleys was partly covered with Picea,Tusga,and Quercus coniferous and broadleaf mixed *** activity during the Neolithic period caused an increase in farmland on the loess tableland and a decrease in the abundance of shrub and grassland in the Longdong *** farmlands were abandoned,vegetation recovered with Hippophae-,Rosaceae-,Ephedra-,and Leguminosae-dominated shrublands and Artemisia-dominated grasslands.

关键词：新石器时代农业发展陇东地区环境影响甘肃东部早期新石器时期盆地

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Tectonic evolution of the Dabieshan orogen: In the view from polyphase deformation of the Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第7期48卷 886-899页

作者： LIN Wei1, 2. Faure Michel3, WANG Qingchen1 & Arnaud Nicolas4 1. LTE, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002., {2. 2. Department of Earth and Planetary sciences, graduate School of Science, Nagoya university, Japan 3. ISTO, UMR CNRS 6113, Batiment Géosciences, Orléans Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2. France 4. UMR 652. "Magmas et Volcans", 5 Rue Kessler, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France LTE Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Earth and Planetary sciences Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Japan ISTO UMR CNRS 6113 Orléans Université d'Orléans 45067 Orléans Cedex 2 France UMR 652. Magmas et Volcans 63000 Clermont-Ferrand 5 Rue Kessler France

The Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone was formed by the Early Mesozoic collision of the North and South china Blocks. It consisted of the Foziling and Luzhenguan complexes and was thought to have never afforded a deep subduction. A similar feature of the deformation in the Dabieshan UHP metamorphic rocks implies that these different tectonic units share the same geodynamic background. The early stage of deformation can be preserved on account of their relatively shallower subduction than that for UHP rocks. On the basis of an analysis of the geo- logical structure and geochronological results, five deformational stages have been recognized: a D1-Early compressional deformation which represents the continental subduction; a D2.Early exhumation deformation producing a syn-convergence exhumation; a D3-Main deformation, represented by an exhumation deformation with Late Triassic age; a D4-Doming and its margin extensional gravity collapse deformation and finally a D5-regional extensional deformation of Cretaceous that was mostly introduced by the migmatization and plutonism.

关键词： Beihuaiyang metamorphic zone geometry kinematic polyphase deformation tectonic evolution.

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An overview of the crustal structure of the Tibetan plateau after 35 years of deep seismic soundings

An overview of the crustal structure of the Tibetan plateau ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第11届（2.11年度）学术年会

作者： Zhongjie Zhang~(a,*),yangfan Deng~(b,c),Jiwen Teng~a,Chunyong Wang~d,Rui Gao~e,yun Chen~a,Weiming Fan~b a State Key laboratory of Lithospheric evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,{2.,beijing 10002.,china b Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,{2.,Guangzhou 510640,china c graduate university of {2.,beijing 100049,china d Institute of Geophysics,china Earthquake Administration,beijing 100081,china e Institute of Geology,chinese academy of Geological sciences,Ministry of Land and Resources,beijing 100037,china

Since the pioneer wide-angle seismic profile along the yadong-Gulu rift acquired in 1974 by the ex-Institute of Geophysics,chinese academy of sciences(CAS),several research programs aimed to deep geophysics, performed thanks to the participation of chinese national and international institutions,have been developed during last 35 years,including 2. wide-angle seismic profiles with total length of about 6000 *** profiles are unevenly distributed,most of them in eastern Tibet and few profiles in western *** this paper,we make a summarized presentation of all these wide-angle seismic profiles and provide an overall view of the seismic velocity {2. of the crust beneath the broad Tibetan plateau, which is the product of the continuous convergence and collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates since about 50 Ma *** patterns of crustal thickness variation related to the tectonic blocks and along suture zones of the region are *** crust thickness is confirmed to be about 70-75 km under southern Tibet,and 60-65 km under northern,northeastern and southeastern *** leading edge of the subducted lithosphere reaches the northern margin of the plateau and directly contacts with Tarim *** of the 90°E boundary,the Indian crust is moving towards the northern edge of the plateau and collides with Tarim Basin at 80°E while reach the Bangong-Nujiang suture belt at 88°E;eastward of the 90°E boundary,the northern edge of the crust should be at 50-100 km south of Bangong-Nujiang *** results supply helpful constrains to understand the mechanism of the continent-continent collision and its consequences in the plateau and neighbouring areas.

关键词： Wide-angle seismic profiling Crustal thickness Tibetan plateau

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Dramatic divergences in size between two vomeronasal pheromone receptor gene families in mice and rats

Dramatic divergences in size between two vomeronasal pheromo...

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中国遗传学会七届一次青年研讨会暨上海高校模式生物E——研究院第一届模式生物学术研讨会

作者： Hui yang, Peng Shi, Jianzhi Zhang, ya-ping Zhang (laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, and Cellular and Molecular evolution, {2. Institute of Zoology, {2., china, Department of Ecology and evolutionary Biology, university of Michigan, USA, The graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing, china )

Mammalians can detect pheromonal signals via the vomeronasal organ (VNO) primarily to discriminate individuals in the same species and elicit certain social or reproductive behaviors. Two superfamilies, V1r and V2., encode the pheromone receptors. In this study, we provide a global draft of V2. repertoires in mice and rats through a computational approach. A total of 182.and 141 V2. genes are identified including 46 and 44 putatively functional genes in mouse and rat, respectively. These genes can be phylogenetically divided into two families with a species-specific pattern. Genomic distribution and evolutionary analysis reveal that V2. evolvement in rodents was a complicated process which involved tandem duplication, unequal crossover and selective pressure variation. Diverging time estimation indicates that a great part of V2. genes are products of recent expansion within 10 MyA in mice and 10-2. MyA in rats, which supports the observation that genes from each species clustered and it is mainly the result of postspeciation duplications. Unlike to V1rs, the number of putative functional V2. members in mice and rats is much smaller. As comparisons of gene structure and binding ligands of both Vlr and V2. are taken into account, we hypothesize that the identified -50 V2. genes can function well if they recognize ligands sharing a common structural motif. Our results also suggest function divergence between the two vomeronasal pheromone receptors.

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Upper Mantle Transitional Zone beneath Central-Southern Tibet

Upper Mantle Transitional Zone beneath Central-Southern Tibe...

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中国地球物理学会第二十七届年会

作者： Junmeng Zhao~(1,*) ying Huang~(1,2. Shunping Pei~1 Hongbing Liu~1 Wei Wang~1 Qiang Xu~1 Honggang Cheng~1 Wei Tang~1 Lei yang~1 1.laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of sciences,{2.,100085,P.R.china 2.graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences,{2.,100049,P.R.china

＜正＞*** The Tibetan Plateau is the result of the collision between India and Eurasia,which began at approximately 50 Ma（yin and Harrison,2.00）.Over the past several decades,numerous international seismic experiments have been undertaken in Tibet to study the crustal and mantle structure of the ***,different mechanisms have been put forward to explain the evolution of the Tibetan plateau and adjacent *** fully understand the geodynamics of the India-Eurasia collision requires seismic investigation of lithospheric deformation of the *** of the best ways to image deformation in Earth’s interior is through the detection and interpretation of seismic *** anisotropy can give us insight into the past and current mantle

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一种新的测量大气折射的方法

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云南大学学报（自然科学版） 2018年第2期40卷 287-294页

作者：苏婕张益恭杨磊冒蔚中国科学院云南天文台云南昆明650216 中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室云南昆明650216 中国科学院天文大科学研究中心北京100012 中国科学院大学北京100049

大气折射是直接影响地面天体测量位置的一项较大的修正项.现有的大气折射表仅采用某一地区的大气平均密度编制而成,而实际大气密度的分布情况还受到观测站的地理环境、周围建筑物分布、气象环境等要素的影响.因此对于高精度的观测,仅用... 详细信息

大气折射是直接影响地面天体测量位置的一项较大的修正项.现有的大气折射表仅采用某一地区的大气平均密度编制而成,而实际大气密度的分布情况还受到观测站的地理环境、周围建筑物分布、气象环境等要素的影响.因此对于高精度的观测,仅用统一的大气折射表作修正是不够的,提高大气折射修正值精度的根本途径是建立观测站本地的大气折射实测模型.根据多功能天文经纬仪的特点,提出一种仅用子午方向的视天顶距测定值就可得到瞬时天文纬度测定值的方法,将这种测定值分别用于建立子午方向大气折射实测模型和各给定方位的大气折射实测模型.并且在编制观测纲要时满足一定的限制条件Σtan z→0,巧妙地压缩原有大气折射表等系统误差对瞬时天文纬度测定值的影响.

关键词：天体测量天文大气折射数据处理

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