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Development of a chinese land data assimilation system:its progress and prospects

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第8期17卷 881-892页

作者： Li Xin~(1**) Huang Chunlin~1 Che Tao~1 Jin Rui~1 Wang Shugong~l Wang Jiemin~1 Gao Feng~1 Zhang Shuwen~2 Qiu Chongjian~2 Wang Chenghai~2 (1.cold and arid regions {3. and engineering research institute,chinese academy of Sciences,lanzhou 73.000,China 2.College of Atmospheric Sciences,lanzhou University,lanzhou 73.000,China) [a]cold and arid regions {3. and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China [b]College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China

The objective of land data assimilation is to merge multi-source observations into the dynamics of land surface model for improving the estimation of land surface *** have developed a land data assimilation system for China's land *** this sys- tem,the Common Land Model and Simple Biosphere Model 2 are used to simulate land surface *** radiative transfer models of thawed and frozen soil,snow,lake,and vegetation are used as observation operators to transfer model predictions into estimated bright- ness temperatures.A Monte-Carlo based sequential filter,the ensemble Kalman filter,is implemented as data assimilation method to inte- grate modeling and *** system is capable of assimilating passive microwave remotely sensed data such as special sensor mi- crowave/imager (SSM/I),TRMM microwave imager (TMI),and advanced microwave scanning radiometer enhanced for EOS (AMSR- E) and the conventional in situ measurements of soil and snow.A spatiotemporally consistent assimilated dataset for soil moisture,soil temperature,snow and frozen soil,with a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree and temporal resolution of one hour,has been *** paper introduces the development of chinese land data assimilation system and the progress made on data assimilation algorithms,land sur- face modeling,microwave remote sensing of land surface hydrological variables,and the preparation of atmospheric forcing *** dis- tinct characteristics and challenges of developing land data assimilation system and the perspectives for future development are also dis- cussed.

关键词： land data assimilation land surface model passive microwave remote sensing Kalman filter

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Physico-chemical Characteristics and environmental Significance of Snow Deposition on Haxilegen Glacier No.51 in Tian Shan,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第3期8卷 484-494页

作者： DONG Zhiwen LI Zhongqin ZHANG Mingjun WANG Feiteng WU Lihua state key laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute /Tianshan Glaeiological Station CAS Lanzhou 730000 China College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Snow chemistry on the glaciers of alpine regions is a good indicator of atmospheric environmental *** examine snow chemistry in three snowpits at different altitudes on the Haxilegen Glacier No.51,in the Kuitun River source,Tian Shan,China,during July-September 2004 to *** use correlation analysis,factor analysis and sea-salt tracing methods to examine the characteristics and sources of major ions and mineral dust particles in the *** show that mineral dust particles and major ions in the snow pits vary *** the Asian dust period in springtime,the concentration of mineral dust particles and major ions deposited in snow is high,while the concentration is relatively low during the non-dust period of summer and *** may be caused by dust storm activity in central *** order of major ionic concentrations in the snow packs was determined to be Ca2+ > SO42-> NH4+ > NO3.> Cl-> Na+ > Mg2+ > K+.Ca2+ was the dominant cation;SO42- was the dominant *** find,with the exception of NO3.,that the variabilities of ionic concentrations are highly *** show that the glacier region was significantly affected by dust activity and anthropogenic *** major ions,especially Na+,originate from dust sources of central Asia and from the Ocean,transported by the westerly winds.

关键词： Snow chemistry Mineral dust environmental significance Haxilegen glacier No. 51 Tian Shan

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Hydrological Characteristics of the Rongbuk Glacier Catchment in *** Region in the Central Himalayas,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第2期7卷 146-156页

作者： LIU Weigang REN Jiawen QIN Xiang LIU Jingshi LIU Qiang CUI Xiaoqing WANG Yetang state key laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold andArid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10085 China

From 8 April to 11 October in 2005, hydrological observation of the Rongbuk Glacier catchment was carried out in the Mr. Qomolangma （Everest） region in the central Himalayas, China. The results demonstrated that due to its large area with glacier lakes at the tongue of the Rongbuk Glacier, a large amount of stream flow was found at night, which indicates the strong storage characteristic of the Rongbuk Glacier catchment. There was a time lag ranging from 8 to 14 hours between daily discharge peaks and maximum melting （maximum temperature）. As melting went on the time lag got shorter. A high correlation was found between the hydrological process and daily temperature during the ablation period. The runoff from April to October was about 80% of the total in the observation period. Compared with the discharge data in 1959, the runoff in 2005 was much more, and the runoff in June, July and August increased by 69%, 3.% and 14%, respectively. The rising of temperature is a major factor causing the increase in runoff. The discharges from precipitation and snow and ice melting are separated. The discharge induced by precipitation accounts for about 20% of the total runoff, while snow and ice melting for about 80%.

关键词： Central Himalayas Mt. Qomolangma Rongbuk Glacier Hydrological characteristics

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Application and Effect Analysis of the Awning Measure on cold regions

Application and Effect Analysis of the Awning Measure on Col...

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第八届国际冻土工程会议

作者： Wenjie Feng Zhi Wen Zhizhong Sun Junjie Wu (state key laboratory of {3. {3. engineering cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute {{13. academy of Sciences Gansu lanzhou Donggang West Road 3.6# China 73.000)

＜正＞Due to the globe warm,lead the permafrost into the shrink and thaw,almost all the various initiatives to protect the permafrost measures were adopted to the actual engineering now,the awning are one of these,had be used on the embankment side slope during the build of Qinghai-Tibet Railway（QTR） and others cold region *** this paper,we contrast the awning effect in warm and low-temperature permafrost regions, through combined the awning measures of the QTR,Qinghai-Tibet Highway（QTH） and Qing-Kang Road（Nation Highway 214）（QKR）.The results showed that the awning can fall the embankment {3. temperature and increase the artificial permafrost table effectively in low-temperature permafrost *** in warm permafrost region,the artificial permafrost table can not be increase *** effect of awning protected permafrost is more categorical and obvious than the others initiative protected permafrost measures. All of this can ensure the road safety and smoothed.

关键词： Shading Measure(Awning) cold regions Permafrost Permafrost Protected

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The Glacier Area Changes in the Qangtang Plateau Based on the Multi-temporal Grid Method and its Sensitivity to Climate Change

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 882-893页

作者： WANG Liping XIE Zichu WANG Xin LIU Shiyin DING Liangfu SHANGGUAN Donghui The College of Resources and environmental Science Hunan Normal University Changsha China cold and arid regions {3. and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Geography Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan China

Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid *** results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang ***,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western *** estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang ***,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.

关键词： The Qangtang Plateau Glacier change Multi-temporal Climate change Functional model ofglacier system Simulation

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Thermal features of Qinghai-Tibet Railway Embankment with Crushed-stone Slope Protection in Permafrost regions

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 58-58页

作者： Guoyu Li,Ning Li,Wei Ma,Huijun Jin,Yu Sheng state key laboratory of {3. {3. engineering,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, {{13. academy of Science,lanzhou 73.000,China.

The Embankment with Crushed-Stone Slope Protection(ECSSP) in permafrost regions is an effective measure to cool subgrade and protect *** can mitigate the engineering hazards of the Qinghai-Tibet railway in the permafr... 详细信息

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet railway embankment with crushed-stone slope protection mechanisms of cooling effect thermal regime heat flow

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降温速率和粒径对砂土中甲烷水合物形成过程影响研究

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天然气地球科学 2011年第5期22卷 920-925页

作者：蒋观利吴青柏展静中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

为研究降温速率和多孔介质粒径对天然气水合物形成过程的影响,在2种不同粒径的砂土中开展了甲烷水合物的形成实验研究。5个不同的降温速率被应用到2种粒径砂土中甲烷水合物的形成实验。实验结果表明,降温速率对砂土中甲烷水合物的成核... 详细信息

为研究降温速率和多孔介质粒径对天然气水合物形成过程的影响,在2种不同粒径的砂土中开展了甲烷水合物的形成实验研究。5个不同的降温速率被应用到2种粒径砂土中甲烷水合物的形成实验。实验结果表明,降温速率对砂土中甲烷水合物的成核时间有明显的影响。降温速率越快,甲烷水合物所需的成核时间就越短。同时,降温速率越慢,甲烷气体形成甲烷水合物的气体转化率就越高。不同的降温速率也影响形成实验中降温阶段和恒温阶段的甲烷水合物形成情况。在较低的降温速率下,恒温阶段的气体转化率相对较少。不同的多孔介质对甲烷水合物的形成过程也具有明显的影响。相对来说,在相同条件下,甲烷水合物在粗砂土中比在细砂土中更容易形成;在粗砂土中形成甲烷水合物,其气体转化率比在细砂土中形成的甲烷水合物更高。

关键词：甲烷水合物降温速率粒径砂土成核时间气体转化率

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Modeling the Roles of Precipitation Increasing in Glacier Systems Responding to Climate Warming—Taking Xinjiang Glaciated Region as Example

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Journal of Mountain Science 2005年第4期2卷 306-312页

作者： WANG Xin XIE Zichu LIU Shiyin TAO Jianjun HAN Yongshun YANG Yuelong research institute of Geo-spatial Information Science Hunan University of Science ＆ Technology Xiangtan 411201 Hunan China key laboratory of Ice Core and cold Region＇s Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 China institute of Resources and Environment Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China institute of Tibetan Plateau research CAS Beijing 100029 China

The studies on prediction of climate in Xinjiang almost show that the precipitation would increase in the coming 50 years, although there were surely some uncertainties in precipitation predictions. On the basis of the structure of glacier system and nature of equilibrium line altitude at steady state （ELAo）, a functional model of the glacier system responding to climate changes was established, and it simultaneously involved the rising of summer mean temperature and increasing of mean precipitation. The results from the functional model under the climatic scenarios with temperature increasing rates of 0.01, 0.03.and 0.05 K/year indicated that the precipitation increasing would play an evident role in glacier system responding to climate change： if temperature become 1 ℃ higher, the precipitation would be increased by 10%, which can slow down the glaciers retreating rate in the area by 4 %, accelerate runoff increasing rate by 8 % and depress the ELAo rising gradient by 24 m in northern Xinjiang glacier system where semi-continental glaciers dominate, while it has corresponding values of only 1%, 5 % and 18m respectively in southern Xinjiang glacier system, where extremely continental glaciers dominate.

关键词： Glacier system climate warming precipitation increasing role

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Impact of human activities on soil respiration:A review

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research in cold and arid {3. 2009年第4期1卷 287-299页

作者： Fang Zhang,Tao Wang,Xian Xue,Jian Guo state key laboratory of Desert and Desertification,{3. and {3. regions environmental engineering research institute,Chi-nese academy of Sciences,lanzhou,Gansu 73.000,China. state key laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

soil respiration is one of the primary fluxes of carbon between soils and the *** is produced by rhizosphere respiration and soil microbial *** respiration is not only affected by {3. factors,but also changes with the hu-man-induced disturbances of ***-use,the measures of land management,the pollution of soil,and so on can affect soil respiration and change the soil *** to some research,the authors summed up their impacts on soil respiration by human activities through land-use changes and land-management measures among agroecosystem,grassland ecosystem,and for-est *** results showed that (1) when adding fertilization to farmland,the soil respiration will increase;(2) fenced land can decrease soil respiration,while soil respiration in the grazed land at a grassland ecosystem will decline with the increasing of grazing intensity;(3. with grassland fertilization;farmland cultivation;fire,fertilization,and cutting of forest,conflicting results were found in the changes of soil *** plant species,site condition,and measurement season can lead to different results on soil respiration.

关键词： human activities soil respiration agroecosystem grassland ecosystem forest ecosystem

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Nonlinear Analysis on Space-time Expending of Artificial frozen Wall for Supporting Deep Foundation Pit

Nonlinear Analysis on Space-time Expending of Artificial Fro...

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第八届国际冻土工程会议

作者： Fujun Niu~1,Huimin Xia~2,Zhiyin Xu~1,Zhanju Lin~1 (1.state key laboratory of {3. {3. engineering,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,CAS,{{13.,China 73.00 2.engineering institute,University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China 210007)

＜正＞The artificial ground freezing（AGF） technique has significant advantages in supporting deep foundation pit and subway tunnel *** application of AFG technique,Sanger-Sayles formula is convenient to engineering *** method is commonly used in thermal calculation of artificial frozen wall expending based on the solution of Fourier’s thermal equation with the axisymmetric boundary conditions far from the practical *** somewhat unreasonable hypothesis of the temperature distribution adopted in the energy calculation makes the result ***,the formula can only deal with the problems with single value of thermal physical *** this paper,based on finite element method analysis,we develop a computational analysis on the artificially freezing process with nonlinear changing of the thermal physical parameters,and simulate expending of the frozen wall *** general expressions related to engineering design of the soil temperature distribution of the wall,energy exhaust and the general form concerning the energy exhaust during the freezing process are proposed.

关键词： finite element method artificial ground freezing nonlinear properties energy exhaust

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