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Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East china Sea Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 122-130页

作者： CHEN JianPing 1,2 ,GE HePing 3 ,CHEN XiaoDong 3 ,DENG ChunPing 1,2 &LIANG DiGang 1,2 1 research institute of petroleum exploration&development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Key Lab of petroleum Geochemistry,CNPC,beijing 100083,china 3 Shanghai Division,CNOOC,Shanghai 200030,china research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina Beijing China Key Lab of petroleum Geochemistry CNPC Beijing China Shanghai Division CNOOC Shanghai China

Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag,the East china Sea Basin,differ greatly in gaseous compositions,of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2%―94%while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by *** hydrocarbon gases,without exception,contain less than 90%of methane and over 10%of C2 + heavier hydrocarbons,indicating a wet *** isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed thatδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 are basically lighter than-44‰,-29‰and-26‰, *** difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great,suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation.δ13C CO2 values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than-10‰,indicating a typical abiogenic *** simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit,consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the ***, δ13C 1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit whileδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values of the former are over 9‰heavier than those of the *** the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag,where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter,therefore,natural gases in the

关键词： Lishui Sag natural gas biogenesis abiogenesis lacustrine source rock marine source rock coal-measures source rock

Geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 14-35页

作者： ZOU CaiNeng &TAO ShiZhen research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China

Based on the examination of the global researches on oil and gas provinces and large gas fields and the analysis of the features,attributes and distribution of large gas provinces and gas fields,this paper puts forward three indicators of determining large oil and gas provinces:spatial indicator,reservoir-forming indicator and resource *** classifies the gas accumulated areas and large gas provinces in china and analyzes the controlling factors on the distribution of large gas provinces and large gas fields:the lateral distribution is mainly controlled by high-energy sedimentary facies and constructive diagenetic facies,palaeo-highs and their periclinal zones,deep faults,etc,and the vertical distribution is mainly controlled by unconformities,series of evaporates and deep low-velocity highly-conductive beds,*** also reveals the main geological characteristics of large gas provinces and large gas fields in *** gas fields in four-type basins have their own characteristics and onland large gas fields are dominantly developed in foreland basins and craton basins;there are three types of gas sources,of which,coal is the main source with high gas generating intensity and varying origins;reservoir rocks of the large gas fields(provinces)are of various types and dominated generally by low-middle permeability and porosity pore-type reservoirs;structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps coexist in Chinese large gas fields and form dense high abundance and large-area low and middle-abundance large gas fields;most of the large gas fields have late hydrocarbon-generation peaks and reservoir formation,and experienced the process of multiple-stage charging and late finalization; large gas provinces(fields)have good sealing and preservation conditions,and evaporates seals are largely developed in large and extra-large gas *** paper intends to shed light on the exploration and development of large gas fields(provinces)through analyzing their geological

关键词： large gas province large gas field indicator of large oil and gas provinces forming condition distribution characteristics geological feature

Cracking conditions of crude oil under different geological environments

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 77-83页

作者： ZHAO WenZhi,WANG ZhaoYun,ZHANG ShuiChang&WANG HongJun research institute of petroleum exploration&development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina Beijing China

There are mainly 3 kinds of existing states of oil generating from source rocks,that is,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon inside of source rock,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock and concentrated liquid hydrocarbon outside of source *** of the differences in thermal history and medium conditions around,and the interaction of organic and inorganic matter,the liquid hydrocarbon with 3 kinds of existing state has different cracking *** gas generation dynamics experiments of crude oil matching different mediums indicate that the distribution of activation energy of methane changes a lot according to medium *** carbonate has a main influence on oil cracking conditions and can largely reduce its activation energy,which reflects the lower cracking temperature of crude *** mudstone takes a second place and the sandstone is the *** catalytic cracking function to the oil of the carbonate,of the mudstone and of the sandstone changes weaken in *** corresponding Ro values of main gas generation period in different mediums are as follows:1.5%―3.8%with pure crude oil,1.2%―3.2%with dispersive crude oil in carbonate,1.3%~3.4% with dispersive crude oil in mudstone and 1.4%―3.6%with dispersive crude oil in *** influence of pressure to crude oil cracking is relatively *** the low heating speed condition, pressure restrains the oil cracking and gas generation,but in the high heating speed condition,pressure has an indistinctive influence to the oil cracking and gas *** also makes a different effort in different evolvement *** the middle and lower Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin as an example,primary oil generating quantity is 2232.24×10 8 t,residual oil and oil cracking gas quantity is 806.21×10 8 t and 106.95×10 12 m 3 respectively.

关键词： different existing state oil cracking condition gas source rock kitchen of oil cracking type

SEVERAL　CONSIDERATIONS　ON　HYDROCARBON　GENERATION　MECHANISM　AND　EVOLUTION　OF　CARBONATE　ROCKS

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石油勘探与开发 1996年第5期23卷 75-80页

作者： Cheng Keming Wang Zhaoyun(research institute of petroleum exploration and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083, china)

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关键词： Marine factes Oil generation of carbonate rocks Mechanism Evaluation Oil-generatingindex Thermal evolution

Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2 ,LIU WenHui 3 ,ZHANG DianWei 3 ,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Langfang Branch of research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 exploration and Production research institute,SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Langfang Branch of research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Langfang China exploration and Production research institute SINOPEC Beijing China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13 C,and the distributive range ofδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 is-32‰―-36‰,-22‰―-24‰and-20‰―-22‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13C CO2 value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3 He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3 He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

Neutron and density logging responses to gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging:Gas reservoirs of sandstone in a western china field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 201-206页

作者： WU WenSheng1,XIAO LiZhi1 & ZHANG LongHai2 1 Resource & Information Department,china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china Resource & Information Department China University of Petroleum Beijing China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China

Studying the response differences between neutron and density logging of gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging will be of significance in evaluation of gas reservoir under the under-balanced condition and application of logging data. With Monte Carlo simulation technique,the paper obtains the relationship between neutron and density logging measurement and borehole di-ameter,porosity or gas saturation for well-balanced and under-balanced logging. The conclusions show that the response trend of under-balanced logging to gas reservoirs agrees with that of well-balanced logging with small borehole,and under-balanced logging data can be used usually as well-balanced logging data. When borehole diameter is large,under-balanced logging data should be corrected for the influences of borehole.

关键词： under-balanced logging density logging neutron logging gas reservoir response

High-Resolution Transgressive-Regressive Sequence Stratigraphy of Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Southwestern Ordos Basin,Northern china

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第4期21卷 423-438页

作者：吕明胜陈开远薛良清衣丽萍朱红涛 research institute of petroleum exploration & development PetroChina School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences china National Oil and Gas exploration and development Corporation Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences

The reservoirs within the Chang 8 Member of Yanchang(延长) Formation in the southwestern Ordos basin are characterized by low *** is significant to build a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for the exploration and development of these *** on an integrated investigation of well logs,seismic data,cores and outcrops,the Chang 8 Member is interpreted as a 3rd-order transgressive-regressive(T-R) sequence,which consists of six 4th-order T-R sequences,namely,K1,K2,K3,K4,K5 and K6,respectively,from base to *** 4th-order sequence comprises a transgressive systems tract overlain by a regressive systems *** K1 to transgressive systems tract of K4,it is characterized by the landward shifts of facies and overall retrogradational sequence stacking pattern due to accommodation increase more than sediment supply during the 3rd-order base-level *** distributary channels are mainly deposited in the transgressive systems tracts,and the interdistributary bays,sheet sands,and small-scale mouth bars are primarily developed in the regressive systems tracts in response to the 4th-order base-level *** the regressive systems tracts of K4 to K6,it is characterized by the basinward shifts of facies and overall progradational sequence stacking pattern because of accommodation increase less than sediment supply during a fall in 3rd-order base *** distributary channels are mainly accumulated in the transgressive systems tracts,and distributary channels and mouth bars are deposited in the regressive systems tracts as a result of the 4th-order base-level *** stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses indicate that sequences K1,K2,K5 and K6,as well as the basin edge of K3 and K4,remain potential for exploration and development due to their high reservoir quality in response to the low accommodation and more sediment supply.

关键词： transgressive-regressive sequence base level sediment supply sequence stratigraphic framework Ordos basin.

Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,china 2 Langfang Branch,Reasearch institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 institute of exploration and development,petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 4 University of petroleum,beijing102249,china 5 petrochina research institute of petroleum exploration and development,beijing 100083,china Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China institute of exploration and development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an China University of petroleum Beijing China petrochina research institute of petroleum exploration and development Beijing China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2, SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 232000, china 3. Langfang Branch, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Langfang 065007, china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan China Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.