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Assessing and regulating the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of china

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 710-720页

作者： LI Zhi1,2, LIU WenZhao2, ZHANG XunChang3 & ZHENG FenLi2 1 College of resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, yangling 712100, china 2 institute of soil and water conservation, chinese academy of sciences & ministry of water resources, yangling 712100, china 3 USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 73036, El Reno, Oklahoma, USA 1. College of resources and Environment Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Yangling 712100 China2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources Yangling 712100 China3. USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory El Reno Oklahoma 73036 USA

Climate change can cause considerable changes in water resources and assessing the potential impacts can provide important information for regional sustainable development. The objectives were to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change during 2010-2039 on water resources (runoff, soil water content, and evapotranspiration) in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of china and to further explore adaptive measures to cope with the changes. Projections of four climate models (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2, CSIRO-Mk2, and HadCM3) under three emission scenarios (A2, B2, and GGa) were used to estimate future changes in precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature based on Change Factor method. The soil and water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to simulate the hydrologic responses to climate changes. The CA-Markov model was used to develop land use scenarios. Compared with the present climate, the climate models predicted a -2.3% to 7.8% change in annual precipitation, 0.7 to 2.2°C rises in maximum temperature, and 1.2 to 2.8°C rises in minimum temperature. Without consideration of land use change, SWAT predicted a -19.8% to 37.0% change for runoff, -5.5% to 17.2% change for soil water content, and 0.1% to 5.9% increase for evapotranspiration during 2010–2039 under all climate scenarios. Though the change of hydrometeorolocial variables are complex, they would possibly increase with great probability, and the hydrological regime would be influenced such as a decrease in runoff in winter months. With land use changes, the projected land use of 2015 would increase soil water content by 4.0% and surface runoff by 5.7% while slightly decrease evapotranspiration by 0.6% compared with the 2000 land use. This result showed that adjustment of land use patterns was capable of regulating water resources and could be used to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.

关键词： climate change water resources SWAT the Loess Plateau

Phosphorus Changes and Sorption Characteristics in a Calcareous soil Under Long-Term Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 248-256页

作者： GUO Sheng-Li DANG Ting-Hui HAO Ming-De Northwest Sci- Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling Shaanxi 712100 （China） institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling Shaanxi 712100 （China）

Knowledge of phosphorus （P） behavior in long-term fertilized soils is essential for programming fertilization practices and for sustaining environmental quality. The long-term （1984-1997） effects of various fertilization treatments on P changes and sorption isotherms as well as the relationship of soil properties to P sorption and P forms were evaluated in an Ustic Isohumisol, a calcareous soil, on the Loess Plateau, china. Compared to 1984, after 13 years of crop production, total soil P in the no-P treatments （control and N treatment） decreased by 5%-7%, but in the phosphorus fertilizer alone （P）, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in combination （NP）, manure alone （M）, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and manure in combination （NPM） treatments, it increased by 22%, 19%, 28%, and 58%, respectively. Residual fertilizer P was found mainly in NH4Ac-soluble P （Cas-P）, followed by NaHCO3-soluble P （NaHCO3-P）, and NH4F-soluble P （Al-P）. Phosphorus sorption in the soils with different fertilization practices fit the Langmuir equations. Phosphorus sorption capacity in the no-P treatments increased, whereas it decreased in the P-included treatments （P, NP, and NPM treatments）. Phosphorus sorption maximum （Qm） was significantly and negatively correlated to inorganic P including NaHCO3-P, Cas-P, NaOH-Na2CO3-soluble P （Fe-P）, and Al-P （P ≤ 0.01）. Moreover, long-term fertilization increased soil organic carbon in the NP, M, and NPM treatments and decreased pH in the NP and NPM treatments. Thus, the ability of the soil to release sorbed P to the environment increased under long-term P fertilization.

关键词： calcareous soil long-term fertilization P accumulation P sorption P transformations

STUDY ON INDUCTION AND INHIBITION OF OROBANCHE *** BY EXTRACTS OF TRADITIONAL chinese MEDICINAL HERBS

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STUDY ON INDUCTION AND INHIBITION OF OROBANCHE *** BY EXTRAC...

STUDY ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL HETEROGENEITY PROPERTY OF ALLELOPATHIC EXPRESSION IN RHIZOSPHERE soil FROM DIFFERENT DRYLAND WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF china

中国第三届植物化感作用学术研讨会、第八届全国杂草科学大会、联合国粮农组织——中国“水稻化感作用论坛”

作者： Fuping JIN~1 and Yongqing MA~(1,2*) 1 College of resources and Environment,Northwest A & F University,Shaanxi yangling 712100, china 2 institute of soil and water conservation,chinese academy of sciences and ministry of water resources,Shaanxi yangling 712100,china

Orobanche minor parasitize many kinds of crops and cause serious damage to host,but it's difficult to *** it's important on how to utilize the germination characters of small broomrape to reduce its soil bank,especially to induct or inhibit germination using nonhost root *** screened the extracts of 240 traditional chinese medicinal herbs to test their

关键词： Traditional chinese Medicinal Herbs Orobanche minor induct inhibit

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STUDY ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL HETEROGENEITY PROPERTY OF ALLE...

STUDY ON ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF ASTRAGALUS ADSURGENS PALL IN DIFFERENTL GROWTH STAGES

中国第三届植物化感作用学术研讨会、第八届全国杂草科学大会、联合国粮农组织——中国“水稻化感作用论坛”

作者： De-sheng WANG~1 Yong-qing MA ~(1,2*) Sheng-peng ZUO~2 1 College of resources and Environment,Northwest A & F University,Shaanxi yangling 712100, china 2 institute of soil and water conservation,chinese academy of sciences and ministry of water resources,Shaanxi yangling 712100,china

Through pot trials the characteristics of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of allelopathic potential from living roots amended in soil of four common winter wheat accessions on the Loess Plateau of china was conducted in four continuous growth periods based on bioassay of aqueous extracts from top soil(0 - 20 cm) as well as typical statistic *** was a

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. allelopathic expression rhizosphere soil spatial and temporal herterogeneity ecological management

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STUDY ON ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF ASTRAGALUS ADSURGENS PALL...

渭北旱塬区不同立地条件对紫花苜蓿产量的影响与通径分析

中国第三届植物化感作用学术研讨会、第八届全国杂草科学大会、联合国粮农组织——中国“水稻化感作用论坛”

作者： Fu-ke YU ~(1,2) Yong-qing MA ~(*2,3) 1 Laboratory for conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource & School of Life Science,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,china 2 institute of soil and water conservation,chinese academy of sciences and ministry of water resources,yangling,Shaanxi 712100,china 3 Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry,yangling,Shaanxi 712100,china

Allelopathic potential of Astragalus adsurgens Pall in nutritional growth stage,blossom and seed stage,mature stage was studied by using radish seeds as *** result showed that A. adsurgens in different growth stage has different allelopathic effect on radish seedling *** included:(i).Extract partitioned with ethyl acetate(1:60,g/mL,the same below) from leaves of

关键词： Allelopathic potential Astragalus adsurgens Pall Growth stage

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水土保持通报 2010年第5期30卷 73-78页

作者：魏婉玲程积民高阳刘伟西北农林科技大学林学院中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北农林科技大学动物科技学院

为了提高渭北旱塬区土地利用效率和紫花苜蓿高产栽培,对渭北旱塬区阴坡(东坡)和阳坡(西坡)紫花苜蓿生长状况进行了测定研究,并选取3个紫花苜蓿的性状进行简单相关、偏相关和通径系数分析。研究结果表明,在同一坡向不同坡位上,坡下部紫... 详细信息

为了提高渭北旱塬区土地利用效率和紫花苜蓿高产栽培,对渭北旱塬区阴坡(东坡)和阳坡(西坡)紫花苜蓿生长状况进行了测定研究,并选取3个紫花苜蓿的性状进行简单相关、偏相关和通径系数分析。研究结果表明,在同一坡向不同坡位上,坡下部紫花苜蓿的产量和生理性状的生长状况都优于坡上部;在同一坡位不同坡向上,阴坡紫花苜蓿的生长状况优于阳坡,其中阴坡下部的生长状况最好,阳坡上部的生长状况最差。坡向对紫花苜蓿产量的影响大于坡位的影响。株高、分枝数和单茎重的简单相关系数均为极显著,但通径系数和决策系数差别较大。株高和分枝数对产量起主要直接作用,而单茎重对生物量的直接作用不甚明显,主要是通过株高和分枝数对生物量起间接作用。

关键词：渭北旱塬紫花苜蓿不同立地条件通径分析

聚丙烯酰胺增加土壤降雨入渗减少侵蚀的模拟试验研究Ⅱ.侵蚀

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土壤学报 2003年第3期40卷 401-406页

作者：雷廷武唐泽军张晴雯赵军中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院北京100083 中国科学院水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100

土壤侵蚀和雨水的流失是干旱、半干旱地区制约农业发展乃至生态环境良性循环的两个主要因素。聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM ,Polyacrylamide)对土壤的性质有着明显的改进作用 ,PAM具有良好的黏结力 ,能有效改良土壤的表层结构 ,提高土壤的稳定性 ,... 详细信息

土壤侵蚀和雨水的流失是干旱、半干旱地区制约农业发展乃至生态环境良性循环的两个主要因素。聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM ,Polyacrylamide)对土壤的性质有着明显的改进作用 ,PAM具有良好的黏结力 ,能有效改良土壤的表层结构 ,提高土壤的稳定性 ,增加土壤的入渗率 ,减少土壤侵蚀。本文试图通过人工降雨模拟实验 ,获得不同的PAM的使用量及覆盖率与土壤侵蚀量在不同的雨强、不同的坡度条件下的关系。实验表明 ,经PAM处理后土壤的入渗性能和抗侵蚀的性能都有所提高 ,PAM能明显地黏结着土壤表面的颗粒 ,形成大的团聚体 ,阻碍土壤结皮的形成 ,减少土壤侵蚀。

关键词：聚丙烯酰胺土壤降雨入渗侵蚀封闭结皮产沙量土壤侵蚀

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坡面细沟发生临界水动力条件初探

土壤学报 2003年第6期40卷 822-828页

作者：丁文峰李占斌鲁克新丁登山南京大学城市与资源学系南京210093 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所陕西杨陵712100 西安理工大学水资源研究所西安710048

通过玻璃水槽试验和土槽放水冲刷试验对坡面细沟侵蚀发生的临界水动力条件进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,坡面径流在顺坡向下流动过程中以滚波形式运动并发生叠加是造成侵蚀方式发生变化的主要原因。由于径流流动过程中发生滚波叠加 ,造成... 详细信息

通过玻璃水槽试验和土槽放水冲刷试验对坡面细沟侵蚀发生的临界水动力条件进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,坡面径流在顺坡向下流动过程中以滚波形式运动并发生叠加是造成侵蚀方式发生变化的主要原因。由于径流流动过程中发生滚波叠加 ,造成在径流流路上出现局部水深增加 ,导致侵蚀切应力激增 ,当切应力大于该处的土壤抗蚀力时便发生侵蚀 ,并最终造成细沟沟头的出现。通过对土槽冲刷试验的结果分析 ,运用能量守恒原理建立了径流能耗和径流侵蚀产沙率之间的关系 ,给出了给定土壤条件下坡面细沟侵蚀率估算模型。结果表明 ,坡面土壤侵蚀的发生具有一定的临界条件 ,当径流能耗大于 7 3 8(J)

关键词：坡面细沟侵蚀发生临界水动力坡面径流滚波运动土壤抗蚀力

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陕西渭北高原沟壑区野生果树资源

水土保持研究 2003年第1期10卷 150-155,158页

作者：白岗栓杜社妮姜峻侯喜录西北农林科技大学

陕西渭北高原沟壑区有野生果树 113种 ,隶属 2 5科 4 8属 ,其中蔷薇科有 4 7种。野生果树水平分布集中于子午岭、黄龙山、陇山、崂山的次生林区 ,其中陇山次生林区种类最多 ;垂直分布多在海拔 135 0 m以下的山坡地或沟谷地。经济利用价... 详细信息

陕西渭北高原沟壑区有野生果树 113种 ,隶属 2 5科 4 8属 ,其中蔷薇科有 4 7种。野生果树水平分布集中于子午岭、黄龙山、陇山、崂山的次生林区 ,其中陇山次生林区种类最多 ;垂直分布多在海拔 135 0 m以下的山坡地或沟谷地。经济利用价值较高的野生果树有山杏、海棠果、文冠果、酸枣。

关键词：渭北高原沟壑区野生果树种质资源