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A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2010年第5期53卷 763-772页

作者： CHEN BaiLian1,3, ZHANG RenHe2, SUN ShuFen1, BIAN LinGen2, XIAO CunDe4,2 & ZHANG TingJun5 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 2 chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, China 3 graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10004., China 4 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 5 The National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449, USA 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China4. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China5. The National Snow and Ice Data Center University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA

A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4 measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3, 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2) the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.

关键词： Antarctic Ice Sheet near-surface layer energy transfer numerical model

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Detection of Tumor Marker CA125 in Ovarian Carcinoma Using Quantum Dots

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第10期36卷 681-686页

作者： Hui-Zhi WANG, Hai-Yan WANG, Ru-Qiang LIANG, and Kang-Cheng RUAN* Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences, graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Key Laboratory of Proteomics Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer several advantages over organic dyes in fluores- cence-imaging applications, such as higher quantum yield, exceptional photostability, and a narrow, tunable, and symmetric emission spectrum. To explore whether QDs could specifically and effectively label tumor markers and be used in immunohistochemistry as a novel type of fluorescent probe, we used quantum dots with maximum emission wavelength 605 nm (QD605) to detect the ovarian carcinoma marker CA125 in specimens of different types (fixed cells, tissue sections, and xenograft piece). Additionally, we compared the photostability of QD signals with that of a conventional organic dye, FITC. All labeling signals of QDs were found to be more specific and brighter than those of FITC. Moreover, the QDs exhibited exceptional photostability during continuous illumination for 1 h by a high-intensity laser (Ar laser power 100 mW) at 488 nm, while the FITC signals faded very quickly and became undetectable after 24 min of illumination. These results indicate that QD-based probes can offer substantial advantages over existing fluorophores in many applications, and can be used effectively in immunohistochemistry as a novel class of fluorescent probes.

关键词： quantum dots detection of tumor marker CA125 ovarian carcinoma

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Olfactory receptor gene family evolution in stickleback and medaka fishes

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Science China(Life sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 257-266页

作者： CHEN Ming1,2,PENG ZuoGang1 & HE ShunPing1 1 Laboratory of Fish Phylogenetics and Biogeography,Institute of Hydrobiology,chinese academy of sciences,Wuhan 430072,China 2 graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100039,China 1. Laboratory of Fish Phylogenetics and Biogeography Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Interaction of olfactory receptor (OR) genes with environmental odors is regarded as the first step of *** this study,OR genes of two fish,medaka (Oryzias latipes) and stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus),were identified and an evolutional analysis was *** selection pressure of different TM regions and complete coding region were *** TM regions (TM4,TM5 and TM6) were found to have higher average Ka/Ks values,which might be partly caused by positive selection as suggested by subsequent positive selection *** analysis showed that many PTSs overlap,or are adjacent to previously deduced binding sites in *** results support the hypothesis that binding sites of fish OR genes may evolved under positive selection.

关键词： olfactory receptor positive selection binding site

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Statistical distribution of nonlinear random wave height

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第4期49卷 443-448页

作者： HOU Yijun1, GUO Peifang1,2, SONG Guiting1,2, SONG Jinbao1, YIN Baoshu1 & ZHAO Xixi1,2 1. Institute of Oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2. graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China 1. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China 2. graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

A statistical model of random wave is developed using Stokes wave theory of water wave dynamics. A new nonlinear probability distribution function of wave height is presented. The results indicate that wave steepness not only could be a parameter of the distribution function of wave height but also could reflect the degree of wave height distribution deviation from the Rayleigh distribution. The new wave height distribution overcomes the problem of Rayleigh distribution that the prediction of big wave is overestimated and the general wave is underestimated. The prediction of small probability wave height value of new distribution is also smaller than that of Rayleigh distribution. Wave height data taken from East China Normal University are used to verify the new distribution. The results in- dicate that the new distribution fits the measurements much better than the Rayleigh distribution.

关键词： Random ocean wave, nonlinearity, wave height distribution.

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Adaptive quasi-likelihood estimate in generalized linear models

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Science China Mathematics 2005年第6期48卷 829-846页

作者： CHEN Xia & CHEN Xiru school of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China graduate school, chinese academy of Science, beijing 10004., China 1. school of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University 430072 Wuhan China 2. graduate school Chinese Academy of Science 100049 Beijing China

This paper gives a thorough theoretical treatment on the adaptive quasilikelihood estimate of the parameters in the generalized linear models. The unknown covariance matrix of the response variable is estimated by the sample. It is shown that the adaptive estimator defined in this paper is asymptotically most efficient in the sense that it is asymptotic normal, and the covariance matrix of the limit distribution coincides with the one for the quasi-likelihood estimator for the case that the covariance matrix of the response variable is completely known.

关键词： generalized linear models, quasi likelihood estimate, adaptive estimate.

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Forecasting the summer rainfall in North China using the year-to-year increment approach

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Science China Earth sciences 2009年第4期52卷 532-539页

作者： FAN Ke1, LIN MeiJing1,2 & GAO YuZhong3 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 2 graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10004., China 3 Heilongjiang Meteorological Administration, Harbin 150030, China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Heilongjiang Meteorological Administ

A new approach to forecasting the year-to-year increment of rainfall in North China in July-August (JA) is proposed. DY is defined as the difference of a variable between the current year and the preceding year (year-to-year increment). NR denotes the seasonal mean precipitation rate over North China in JA. After analyzing the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the DY of NR, five key predictors for the DY of NR have been identified. The prediction model for the DY of NR is established by using multi-linear regression method and the NR is obtained (the current forecasted DY of NR added to the preceding observed NR). The prediction model shows a high correlation coefficient (0.8) between the simulated and the observed DY of NR throughout period 1965-1999, with an average relative root mean square error of 19% for the percentage of precipitation rate anomaly over North China. The prediction model makes a hindcast for 2000-2007, with an average relative root mean square error of 21% for the percentage of precipitation rate anomaly over North China. The model reproduces the downward trend of the percentage of precipitation rate anomaly over North China during 1965-2006. Because the current operational prediction models of the summer precipitation have average forecast scores of 60%-70%, it has been more difficult to forecast the summer rainfall over North China. Thus this new approach for predicting the year-to-year increment of the summer precipitation (and hence the summer precipitation itself) has the potential to significantly improve operational forecasting skill for summer precipitation.

关键词： annual increment North China precipitation prediction prediction skill

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Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第5期17卷 584-590页

作者： Huang Xiang , Chen Yaning , Li Weihong , Ma Jianxin and Chen Yapeng (Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, Urumqi 830011, China graduate University, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China) [a]Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China [b]chinese academy of sciences Graduate University Beijing China

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 22 and 0. 35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.

关键词： Populus euphratica soil carbon flux air temperature 10 cm above ground surface soil moisture content the Tarim River.

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Prediction of Debris-flow Danger Area by Combining Hydrological and Inundation Simulation Methods

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： CUI Peng Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Debris flows have caused serious human casualties and economic losses in the regions strongly affected by the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2oo8. Debris flow mitigation and risk assessment is a key issue for reconstruction. The existing methods of inundation simulation are based on historical disasters and have no power of prediction. The rain- flood method can not yield detailed flow hydrograph and does not meet the need of inundation simulation. In this paper, the process of water flow was studied by using the Arc-SCS model combined with hydraulic method, and then the debris flow runoff process was calculated using the empirical formula combining the result from Arc-SCS. The peak discharge and runoff duration served as input of inundation simulation. Then, the dangerous area is predicted using kinematic wave method and Manning equation. Taking the debris flow in Huashiban gully in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 24 Sep. 2oo8 as example, the peak discharge of water flow and debris flow were calculated as 35.52 m3·s-1 and 215.66 m3·s-, with error of 4.15% compared to the measured values. The simulated area of debris-flow deposition was 161,500 m2, vs. the measured area of 144,097 m2, in error of 81.75%. The simulated maximum depth was 12.3 m, consistent with the real maximum depth between lO and 15 m according to the field survey. The minor error is mainly due to the flow impact on buildings and variations in cross-section configuration. The present methodology can be applied to predict debrisflow magnitude and evaluate its risk in other watersheds inthe earthquake area.

关键词： Debris flow Arc-SCS model Inundation simulation Risk analysis Wenchuan earthquake

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A new spceies of N assarius(Gastropoda,Nassariidae)from the northern China seas

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第6期30卷 82-85页

作者： YANG Jingwen ZHANG Suping Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 10049 China

A new species, Nassarius （Zeuxis） humeratus n. sp. of Nassariidae was described based on the specimens collected in the Huanghai Sea （Yellow Sea） and Bohai Sea during the expedition from 1958 to 1959. The new species was distinguished from similar species Nassarius （Zeuxis） bolangoi （Ladd, 1976） and Nassarius （Varicinassa） variciferus （A. Adams, 1852） in shell characteristics. Some relative discussion was provided. The new species mainly distributes in the subtidal zone of 30–53 m depth, in muddy and sandy bottom in the Bohai Sea and northern Huanghai Sea.

关键词： Gastropoda Nassariidae new species Bohai Sea Huanghai Sea

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A new method to prepare clean cuticular membrane from fossil leaves with thin and fragile cuticles

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Science China Earth sciences 2011年第2期54卷 223-227页

作者： WANG Li1,2 & LENG Qin1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,Nanjing 210008,China 2 graduate school of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 10004.,China 3 Department of Science and Technology,Bryant University,Smithfield RI 02917,USA 1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Department of Science and Technology Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA

Leaf cuticle analysis has long been a powerful tool for fossil plant identification, systematics, and palaeoclimatological recon- struction. In recent decades the application of stomatal frequency data that are relied on precise calculation of stomata on plant fossil cuticles to reconstruct ancient atmospheric CO2 concentration made the preparation of cuticular membrane with sufficient size a critical technique in palaeoclimatological research. However, for plants with originally thin and fragile cuticles, e.g., most deciduous plants, conventional techniques sometimes fail to obtain cuticular membranes with sufficient size, or sometimes unable to recover any. This has largely hampered the usage of fossil cuticle analysis in palaeobotanical and palaeo- climatological research. Here, we describe a new method using clear nail polish as a medium to ＂strengthen＂ the originally thin and fragile cuticles prior to maceration procedures. We demonstrate the method by using middle Eocene Metasequoia fossils that were notorious for the difficulty of recovering large-sized clean cuticular membranes due to their thin and fragile nature. Metasequoia, with well-documented and widely-distributed fossil records since the Late Cretaceous and with a living repre- sentative, 114. glyptostroboides, as a comparative reference, bas been widely used as a model genus for the study of evolution of plants, palaeoclimatological reconstruction, and plant adaptation to climate changes. But its deciduous habit produces thin cuticles and makes the preparation of clean cuticular membranes a tedious process. The new method successfully allows us to recover its delicate cuticular membranes with sufficient sizes for SEM observation and stomatal frequency analysis.

关键词： fossil leaf cuticle Metasequoia new method thin and fragile cuticle SEM observation stomatal frequency CO2

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