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Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion

science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 144-149页

作者： QIAO Wei1,WANG Wei2,ZHU CuiPing3 & ZHANG ZhongZhi1 1 College of Chemical science and engineering,china university of Petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 department of environmental science and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 10084,china 3 J & K china Cleaning Energy Technology Co.Ltd.,beijing 100085,china 1. College of Chemical science and engineering China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China3. J & K China Cleaning Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing 100085 China

Biogas generated from sewage sludge,livestock waste,and food waste by anaerobic digestion is a valuable renewable energy ***,conventional anaerobic digestion is not an efficient process.A long hydraulic retention time and low biogas recovery rate hinder the applications of those *** effective pretreatment method to destroy sludge microbial cells has been one of the major concerns regarding improvement of the biogas *** article focuses on the effects of microwave heating on sludge anaerobic *** suspended solid(VSS) and chemical organic demand solubilization of heated sludge were *** heating was found to be a rapid and efficient process for releasing organic substrates from *** increase of organic dissolution ratio was not obvious when holding time was over 5 min with microwave *** effect of the VSS solubilization was primarily dependent on heating *** highest value of VSS dissolving ratio,36.4%,was obtained at 170°C for 30 *** COD dissolving ratio was about 25% at 170°*** organic carbon of treated sludge liquor was 1.98 and 2.73 g/L at 150°C and 170°C for 5 min,respectively.A biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of excess sludge and a mixture of primary and excess sludge demonstrated an increase in biogas *** total biogas from microwave treated mixture sludge increased by 12.9% to 20.2% over control after 30 days of *** production was 11.1% to 25.9% higher for excess sludge than for untreated *** VS removal ratios of mixture sludge and excess sludge were 12% and 11% higher,respectively,compared to the untreated sludge.

关键词： biogas recovery microwave heating sludge anaerobic digestion

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Estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from biomass waste in china:A case study in Hebei Province

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science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 19-23页

作者： LUO YuXiang1,WANG Wei1,WAN Xiao2,DENG Zhou2 & ZHU CuiPing2 1 department of environmental science and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 10084,china 2 J&K china Cleaning Energy Technology Company Limited,beijing 100085,china 1. department of environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China2. J&K China Cleaning Energy Technology Company Limited Beijing 100085 China

Crop residue,animal manure and MSW are selected as representative biomass *** gas emissions from treatment and disposal process of biomass waste in Hebei province are estimated for the period from 2002 to 2007,using the methodologies recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate *** gas emission was about 10 Mt CO2-equivalent *** 6% of greenhouse gas emission came from open burning of crop residue,74% from management system of animal manure,and 20% from MSW *** all the greenhouse gas sources,landfill is the most concentrated one,and has significant potential of emission reduction.

关键词： biomass waste methane nitrous oxide IPCC methodology

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Design of policy mechanism to promote cleaner production in china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 346-350页

作者： ZHANG Tian zhu(department of environmental science and engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china. department of environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. zhangtz@***

In order to promote cleaner production in china, a package of policy options was presented based on the identification of the barriers encountered in the CP demonstration project and the effectiveness and feasibility of policy options for the CP implementation were analyzed. Furthermore, the policy mechanism framework was given, which composes of compulsory, economic incentive, social pressure and supportive function. Finally, the implementation strategy of the policy mechanism, in which the emphasis will be changed from compulsory policy options towards economic and social pressure policy options, was proposed.

关键词： cleaner production barrier identification policy mechanism china

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Expression of lignin peroxidase H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium by multi-copy recombinant Pichia strain

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第2期21卷 218-222页

作者： WANG Wei,WEN Xianghua department of environmental science and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china. department of environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The lipH2 gene, encoding the expression of lignin peroxidase, was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 and expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33, a yeast. The cDNA of LiPH2 was generated from total RNA extracted from P chrysosporium by PCR with primers that do not contain a P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase secretion signal. The gene was then successfully inserted into the expression vector pPICZα, and resulted in the recombinant vector pPICZα-lipH2. The transformation was conducted in two ways. One was using the wild Pichia pastoris as the recipients, which results in the recombinant P. pastoris with single or low lipH2 gene copy. The second was using P. pastoris and single or low lipH2 gene copy as the recipients, which results in the recombinant P. pastoris with multi-copies of lipH2 genes. This study firstly expressed the gene lipH2 in P. pastoris and achieved the successful expression of the lipH2 depending upon the generation of a recombinant strain that contained multiple copies. The lignin peroxidase activity reached a maximum of 15 U/L after 12 h induction.

关键词： heterologous expression lignin peroxidase Pichia pastoris

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The age of synthesis:From cognitive science to converging technologies and hereafter

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Chinese science Bulletin 2011年第6期56卷 465-475页

作者： CAI ShuShan1,2 1 department of Psychology, tsinghua university, beijing 10084, china 2 Center for Psychology and Cognitive science, tsinghua university, beijing 10084, china department of Psychology Tsinghua University Center for Psychology and Cognitive science Tsinghua University

This paper describes the development of two of the most important scientific disciplines in the last quarter of the 20th century, cognitive science, which emerged in 1975, and nano-bio-info-cogno (NBIC) converging technologies, which emerged in 2000. In this century, we will achieve cross-disciplinary integration, innovation in comprehensive knowledge and comprehensive devel opment in human resources. NBIC converging technologies will greatly expand human cognition and communication, improve human health, enhance social outcomes, strengthen national security and unify science and education. Cognitive science and converging technologies will have major effects on the future human development. I argue that the 21st century represents an age of synthesis, reflected in the continual reintegration between scientific disciplines in recent times. This new age of synthesis will require innovations in thought and methodology that differ from those underlying the age of analysis in the 20th century. I predict that these developments will allow every individual to realize comprehensive development. Accordingly, the education system will be transformed, and a comprehensive human resources system will be created.

关键词：认知科学融合技术化学合成教育系统人力资源人类健康生物信息综合知识

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To enhance the reproduction of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by adding natural lixiviums in liquid medium

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第6期15卷 808-814页

作者： LIN Gang, WEN Xiang-hua, QIAN Yi (department of environmental science and engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china. department of environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 Chin

Great promotion to the reproduction of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium by adding natural lixiviums such as from wood, maize core and potato in liquid medium was found in this research. Incubated in the liquid medium contained 10 mg/L glucose as carbon source with natural lixiviums for three days, the production of mycelium pellet reaches more than 80 g/L, which is 5 times more than that of without natural lixiviums. Incubated in the liquid medium contained 5 mg/L glucose as carbon source with natural lixiviums for three days, the production of mycelium pellet can reach 69.5 g/L, while the production in the medium without natural lixiviums is very low. When the liquid medium contained 1—20 g/L glucose as carbon source, the production of mycelium pellet in 3 d can only reach 12.5 g/L to 14.5 g/L. The fungus in the medium with potato lixiviums are easily contaminated by other microorganisms and in the medium with maize core lixiviums are easily bulking, while in the medium with wood lixiviums are neither easily contaminated nor bulking. Medium with wood lixiviums can produce more pellet than other medium, endure contamination and keep better sedimentation capacity. So that, wood lixivium is better additive to the culture of white rot fungi in liquid medium. Addition of the mixture of wood, maize core and potato lixiviums is of advantage to the production of mycelium pellet. The difference of the production in the medium with different amount of wood lixiviums showed little in the first 3 d, while it expanded after 3 d. Wood lixiviums stimulate the growth of P. chrysosporium instead of supply organics which fungi need.

关键词： white rot fungi medium additive

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TEXTURE DETERMINATION OF THIN FILM ZrO_2 BY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1993年第12期6卷 472-473页

作者： WANG Yinghua tsinghua university,beijing,china department of Materials science and engineering,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china tsinghua Univ Beijing China

A method for semi-quantitative determination of thin film texture using electron diffrac- tion is *** texture state of a zirconia thin film with a cubic structure has been determined in this way and is presented as an... 详细信息

关键词： texture thin film electron diffraction ZrO_2

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Prediction of soot–water partition coefficients for selected persistent organic pollutants from theoretical molecular descriptors

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 867-872页

作者： Qing Zhang, Jun Huang, Gang Yu * POPs Research Centre, department of environmental science and engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china POPs Research Centre Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models were developed for soot–water partition coefficient (KSC) values of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs), i.e. 10 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, nine polychlorinated biphe- nyls, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and two polybrominated diphenyl ethers, using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Quan- tum chemical descriptors computed by parameterized model revision 3 Hamiltonian method were used as predictor variables. The cross- validated Q2cum value for the optimal QSPR model is 0.844, indicating a good predictive capability for the logKSC values of these chem- icals. The QSPR results showed that average molecular polarizability (a), standard heat of formation (DHf) and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) have dominant effects on KSC of POPs. The results suggested that logKSC values of POPs increase with the increase of a. Contrarily, logKSC values decrease with the increase of ELUMO and DHf of POPs.

关键词： Quantitative structure–property relationships Black carbon Persistent organic pollutants Quantum chemical descriptors Partial least squares

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Estimating health damage cost from secondary sulfate particles—a case study of Hunan Province,china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2003年第5期15卷 611-617页

作者： HAO Ji ming, LI Ji, YE Xue mei, ZHU Tian le (department of environmental science and engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china. ) department of environmental science and engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

china's coal dominated energy pattern has resulted in large amount of SO 2 emissions. Estimate of the sulfur related health damage cost is necessary to help perform systematic cost benefit analysis and set national energy and emissions control priorities. Current researches were confined to gaseous SO 2 in urban areas; however, secondary sulfate (SO 2- 4) particles can exert serious impact in a wider region. Based on the concept of “intake fraction', CALPUFF long range dispersion model and 180 sample emission sources, multiple regression equation was obtained with good correlation( r =0 85), which illustrates that populations were key parameters to determine intake fraction but source characteristics were insignificant. Based on the formula and the population distribution data, county level intake fractions were mapped for Hunan Province(range: 1 1×10 -6 -3 2×10 -6 ) of china. A combination of county level SO 2 emissions with the intake fractions yields a total 1 98 tons of sulfate(SO 2- 4) inhalation, and resulting total health damage cost to be 0 76(willingness to pay approach, WTP) or 0 16(human capital approach, HC) billion USD in 1997, about 2.1% or 0 45% of GDP in Hunan in 1997. Average health damage cost per ton of SO 2 emission is 930(WTP) or 200 USD(HC). The results demonstrated that more stringent regulation should be forced.

关键词： intake fraction health impact Hunan Province sulfate regression analysis

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Numerical Simulation of Shrinkage Cavity Formation in Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings Based on Micro Modeling

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1998年第1期12卷 9-12页

作者： Wenzhen Li Baicheng Liu Shantong Jin (Metallurgy engineering School, university of science and Technology beijing, beijing 100083, china)(department of Mechanical engineering, tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china) Metallurgy engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China department of Mechanical engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

A micro-modeling method (MM) for the quantitative prediction of the shrinkage cavity formation in SGiron castings is proposed. The mathematical models describing the volume changes during the solidification ofspheroidal graphite cast iron are established based on the models of solidification kinetics. The shrinkage cavityformation of T-shaped SG iron castings is calculated with MM method. The calculated results are compared with theexperimental results. It is shown that the predicted size, shape and distribution of shrinkage cavity by MM methodare in good agreement with the measured results.

关键词： solidification shrinkage numerical simulation micro modeling spheroidal graphite cast iron

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