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Dye-sensitized solar cells: Atomic scale investigation of interface structure and dynamics

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chinese physics B 2014年第8期23卷 2-12页

作者：马薇张帆孟胜 beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter physics and Institute of physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation center of Quantum Matter

Recent progress in dye-sensitized solar cells （DSC） research is reviewed, focusing on atomic-scale investigations of the interface electronic structures and dynamical processes, including the structure of dye adsorption onto Ti02, ultrafast electron injection, hot-electron injection, multiple-exciton generation, and electron-hole recombination. Advanced exper- imental techniques and theoretical approaches are briefly summarized, and then progressive achievements in photovoltaic device optimization based on insights from atomic scale investigations are introduced. Finally, some challenges and oppor- tunities for further improvement of dye solar cells are presented.

关键词： dye-sensitized solar cells interface structure absorption electron injection multiple-exciton generation charge recombination

Colossal magnetoresistance and spin-glass properties of La(1-x)TexMnO3(x=0.04,0.1)

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chinese science Bulletin 2003年第13期48卷 1321-1324页

作者： TAN Guotai, DUAN Peng, DAI Shouyu, CHEN Zhenghao, LU Huibin & ZHOU Yueliang Laboratory of Optical physics, Institute of physics & center for Condensed Matter physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Zhenghao (e-mail: zhchen @***) Laboratory of Optical physics Institute of Physics & Center for Condensed Matter Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

For the first time, a novel material of La1-x- TexMnO3 (x = 0.04, 0.1), in which the La ions are replaced by the nonmetal element Te in the Chalcogen, has been synthesized. The material has a rhombohedral lattice with the space group of R3c, and Te ions have a tetravalence state. The curves of the resistivity vs. temperature indicate that this material has the property of a metal-semiconductor transition and the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect. The maximum magnetoreistance ratio MR=[(0)()]/(0)H? is about 51% at 4 T for x = 0.1. Besides, a spin-glass behavior at low magnetic fields is observed in this compound.

关键词：巨磁电阻 La1-xTexMnO3 镧碲物理性质

On gl■k2Current Superalgebra and Twisted Conformal Field Theory

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Communications in theoretical physics 2007年第1期 69-77页

作者： DING Xiang-Mao~1 WANG Gui-Dong~(1,2) WANG Shi-Kun~(1,3)1 Institute of Applied Mathematics,academy of Mathematics and Systems science,the chinese academy of sciences,P.O.Box 2734,beijing 100080,china2 Graduate School of the chinese academy of Scisences,beijing 100049,china3 KLMM,AMSS,CAS,beijing 100080,china

Motivated by the recently discovered hidden symmetry of the type IIB Green-Schwarz superstring oncertain background,the non-semisimple Kac-Moody twisted superalgebra glis investigated by means of thevector coherent state method and boson-fermion *** free field realization of the twisted current superalgebraat general level k is *** corresponding Conformal Field Theory (CFT) has zero central *** the classification theory,this CFT is a nonunitary field theory. After projecting out a U(1) factor and an outerautomorphism operator,we get the free field representation of psl,which is the algebra of glmodulothe Z-outer automorphism,the CFT has central charge -2.

关键词： superalgebra differential operator realization free field realization conformal field theory

Two-fluid Dynamics in Clusters of Galaxies

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2005年第1期5卷 6-20页

作者： Yu-Qing LouNational Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012Department of physics & Tsinghua center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University, beijing 100084 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

We develop a theoretical formulation for the large-scale dynamics of galaxy clusters involving two spherical 'isothermal fluids' coupled by their mutual gravity and derive asymptotic similarity solutions analytically. One of the fluids roughly approximates the massive dark matter halo, while the other describes the hot gas, the relatively small mass contribution from the galaxies being subsumed in the gas. By properly choosing the self-similar variables, it is possible to consistently transform the set of time-dependent two-fluid equations of spherical symmetry with self-gravity into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We focus on the analytical analysis and discuss applications of the solutions to galaxy clusters.

关键词： dark matter - hydrodynamics - ISM: general - galaxies: clusters -outflows winds - shocks

β-delayed proton decays near the proton drip line

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science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第3期48卷 257-267页

作者： XU Shuwei 1 , LI Zhankui 1 , XIE Yuanxiang 1 , HUANG Wenxue 1 , SHU Nengchuan 2 , CHEN Yongshou 2 , XU Furong 3 , WANG Kun 4 , PAN Qiangyan 1 , WANG Xudong 1 , YU Yong 1 & XING Yebing 1 1. Institute of Modern physics, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2. Nuclear physics Department, china Institute of Atomic Energy, beijing 102413, china 3. Department of Technical physics, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 4. Shanghai Institute for Nuclear Research, Shanghai 201800, china 1. Institute of Modern physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 2. Nuclear physics Department China Institute of Atomic Energy 102413 Beijing China 3. Department of Technical physics Peking University 100871 Beijing China 4. Shanghai Institute for Nuclear Research 201800 Shanghai China

We briefly reviewed the experimental study on a-delayed proton decays near the proton drip line published by our group during the period of 1996―2004, namely the first observation of the a-delayed proton decays of 9 new nuclides in the rare-earth region and the new measurements of a-delayed proton decays of 5 nuclides in the mass ～90 region near the N = Z line with the aid of the “p-?” coincidence in combination with a He-jet tape transport system. In the meantime some important experimental technique details were supplemented. The experimental results, including the half -lives, spins, parities, deformations and production reaction cross sections for the 14 nuclei were summarized and compared with the current nuclear-model predictions, and then the following points were represented. (1) The experimental half-lives for 85Mo and 92Rh as well as the predicted “waiting point” nuclei 89Ru and 93Pd are 5―10 times longer than the theoretical predictions given by M?ller et al. using a macroscopic-microscopic model. It considerably influences the predictions of the abundances of the nuclides produced in the rp-process. (2) The current-model predictions are not consistent with the experimental assignments of the spins and parities for the proton drip-line nuclei 142Ho and 128Pm. However, the nuclear potential energy surface (PES) calculated by using a Woods- Saxon-Strutinsky method reproduced the experimental results. (3) The Alice code overestimated the production reaction cross sections of the studied 9 rare-earth nuclei by one order of magnitude or two, while HIVAP code overestimated them by one order of magnitude approximately.

关键词： proton drip line, β-delayed proton decay, He-jet tape transport system, "p-γ" coincidence, spin, parity, deformation, production reaction cross section.

Properties of Soliton-Transported Bio-energy in c~-Helix Protein Molecules with Three Channels

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Communications in theoretical physics 2007年第8期48卷 369-376页

作者： PANG Xiao-Feng(1,2) LIU Mei-Jie11 Institute of Life science and Technology,Uniersity of Electronic science and Technology of china,Chengdu 610054,china2 International center for Material physics,the chinese academy of sciences,Shenyang 110015,china

We study numerically the propagating properties of soliton-transported bio-energy excited in the α-helixprotein molecules with three channels in the cases of the short-time and long-time motions and its features of collisionat temperature T=0 and biological temperature T=300 K by the dynamic equations in the improved Davydov theoryand fourth-order Runge-Kutta method,*** these simulation experiments we see that the new solitonsin the improved model can move without dispersion at a constant speed retaining its shape and energy in the cases ofmotion of both short-time or T=0 and long time or T=300 K and can go through each other without scattering in *** these cases its lifetime is,at least,120 ps at 300 K,in which the soliton can travel over about 700 aminoacid *** result is consistent with analytic result obtained by quantum perturbed theory in this *** themeanwhile,the influences of structure disorder of α-helix protein molecules,including the inhomogeneous distribution ofamino acids with different masses and fluctuations of spring constant,dipole-dipole interaction,exciton-phonon couplingconstant and diagonal disorder,on the solitons are also studied by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta *** resultsshow that the soliton still is very robust against the structure disorders and thermal perturbation of proteins at biologicaltemperature 300 *** we can conclude that the new soliton in the α-helix protein molecules with three channelsis a possible carrier of bio-energy transport and the improved model is possibly a candidate for the mechanism of thistransport.

关键词： bio-energy transport soliton protein molecule Runge-Kutta method thermal stabilization

Modeling the intracellular dynamics for Vif-APO mediated HIV-1 virus infection

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chinese science Bulletin 2010年第22期55卷 2329-2340页

作者： WANG Yi1,2 & LAI LuHua1,3 1 center for theoretical Biology, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 2 School of physics, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 3 BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, beijing 100871, china center for theoretical Biology Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China BNLMS State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The viral infectivity factor (Vif) was found to be essential for controlling HIV-1 virus infectivity. It targets cellular antiviral proteins in APOBEC family (APO) to trigger its fast degradation and inhibits APO packaging into nascent virion. In the present study, we propose a mathematical model to quantitatively study the intracellular dynamics of these typical virus-host interactions. Four sets of published experimental data were compared with simulation results to justify the model. Systematic parameter sensitivity and perturbation analysis showed that parameters related to APO are crucial to the infectivity of newly synthesized HIV-1 virus. Interestingly, we discovered that the synthesis rate of the viral structure protein Gag and the required number per nascent virion are optimized to achieve high virion production with minimal level of packaged APO, and large portion of model parameters are beneficial to virus only within a relatively small range. Furthermore, minor variations in several parameters related to viral protein Tat, the activator of viral RNA synthesis, were found to induce switch-like behaviors on both incorporated Vif and APO. These findings may provide new insights for understanding the high mutation rate of HIV-1 virus and its latency, as well as help identify key targets for therapeutic design.

关键词：病毒感染载脂蛋白 HIV 细胞内动力学抗病毒蛋白建模介导

A NOVEL METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING THE WHOLE PROCESS OF POLYMER GELATION

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chinese Journal of Polymer science 2001年第4期19卷 335-339页

作者： Qiang Chen Xian-min Zhang Guo-wei Wang Jian Xu State Key Laboratory of Polymer physics & Chemistry, center for Molecular science, Institute of Chemistry, chinese academy of sciences beijing 100080, china Department of Information & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, china Tjanjin Polytechnic University,Tianjin 300160 chinese Acad Sci Ctr Mol Sci State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Dept Informat & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China

A novel method was established to investigate the gelation process of polymers. The change of refractive index of a polymer system during gelation was determined in situ in a prismatic cell. It can give reliable information on the whole gelation process. The apparatus and the execution of this technique are illustrated and the error is also discussed.

关键词： gelation process in situ technique refractive index

Study of proton resonances in ^(18)Ne via resonant elastic scattering of ^(17)F+p and its astrophysical implication

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science china(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第S1期54卷 32-36页

作者： HE JianJun1, HU Jun1,2, XU ShiWei1, CHEN ZhiQiang1, ZHANG XueYing1, WANG JianSong1, YU XiangQing1, ZHANG LiYong1,2, LI Long1,2, YANG YanYun1,2, MA Peng1,2, ZHANG XueHeng1, HU ZhengGuo1, GUO ZhongYan1, XU Xing1,2, YUAN XiaoHua1, LU Wan1,2, YU YuHong1, ZANG YongDong1,2, TANG ShuWen1,2, YE RuiPing1,2, CHEN JinDa1,2, JIN ShiLun1,2, DU ChengMing1,2, WANG ShiTao1,2, MA JunBing1,2, LIU LongXiang1,2, BAI Zhen1,2, LEI XiangGuo1, SUN ZhiYu1, ZHANG YuHu1, ZHOU XiaoHong1, XU HuShan1, SU Jun3, LI ErTao3, WANG HongWei4, TIAN WenDong4 & LI XiangQing5 1 Institute of Modern physics (IMP), chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 china Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), beijing 102413, china 4 Shanghai Institute of Applied physics (SINAP), chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 201800, china 5 School of physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and Technology, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 1. Institute of Modern physics (IMP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) Beijing 102413 China4. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China5. School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The proton resonant properties in 18Ne, which determine the reaction rate of the key stellar 14O(α,p)17F reaction, have been studied by using a technique of proton resonant elastic scattering of 17F+p. A 4.22 MeV/nucleon 17F radioactive ion (RI) beam was produced via a projectile-fragmentation reaction, and separated by a Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL). By bombarding a thick (CH2)n target, the energy spectra of the recoiled protons were measured by two ΔE-E silicon telescopes at the center-of-mass scattering angles of θc.m.≈175°±5°, θc.m.≈152°±8°, respectively. Several proton resonances in 18Ne were ob served clearly. A further R-matrix analysis of the experimental data is under way to determine the resonant parameters. The present work reports the preliminary results briefly.

关键词： resonant reaction reaction rate explosive burning accreting binary systems