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Cut marks and terminal Pleistocene hominids in the Ma'anshan site:Evidence for meat-eating

chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3872-3879页

作者： ZHANG Yue1,2,3, WANG ChunXue1,2, ZHANG ShuangQuan1,2 & GAO Xing1,2? 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2 joint laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3 State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008, china Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China joint laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing 210008 China

In this paper, cut marks on the long bones of class Ⅱ sized animals in the Ma'anshann site are studied. Based on the location and frequencies of the long bone cut marks, the distribution characteristics are analyzed as follows: (1) cut mark frequencies in the lower layer (LL) are much higher than those of the upper; (2) in the LL cut mark frequency of the upper limbs is the highest, and that of the middle and lower limbs is lower and the lowest; (3) In the upper layer (UL) the cut mark frequency, does not spread as orderly as in the LL. The data are compared to those of the experiment and it is demonstrated that values of the LL all fall into the experimental 95% confidence intervals, and the cut mark frequencies of the upper, middle and lower limbs coincide with those of the experiment; while the values of the UL are much lower, of which, those of the humerus, femur and radius are out of the intervals, and the frequencies of the upper, middle and lower limbs are far more different from those of the experiment. It implies that the earlier hominids (of the LL) defleshed the limbs of the class Ⅱ sized animals with stone tools more completely than the later hominids. With the evidence of burning marks, it is suggested that the difference on the roasting behaviors derived the cut mark difference of the Ma'anshan UL and LL.

关键词：原始人类马鞍山证据网站痕迹切口更新世肉类

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Use-wear analysis confirms the use of Palaeolithic bone tools by the Lingjing Xuchang early human

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第21期55卷 2282-2289页

作者： LI ZhanYang 1,4 & SHEN Chen 2,3,4 1 Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450000,china 2 the joint laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100044,china 3 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto ON M5S2C6,Canada 4 Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University,Jinan 250100,china Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University Jinan 250100 China The joint laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China The Royal Ontario Museum Toronto ON M5S2C6 Canada

During 2007-2008 excavations at the Lingjing site near Xuchang,Henan Province,dated back to around 100-80 ka ago,a large quantity of mammalian fossil remains were recovered along with a remarkable cluster of Early Modern human(EMH) skull fragments in *** some of those animal bones were probably modified into tools.A use-wear analysis was carried out to examine the functions of modified bone *** results suggest that Lingjing bone tools were used for drilling,penetrating,and scraping animal substances,and that some might have been hafted during the *** study confirms that early existence ofintentionally-modified bone tools at human occupations of the early Late Pleistocene in northern *** discovery suggests making and use of bone tools were inevitably a part of early human behaviors and cultural development,as such of stone tools.

关键词：早期人类磨损分析旧石器时代工具许昌哺乳动物化石现代人类动物骨头

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A zooarchaeological study of bone assemblages from the Ma'anshan Paleolithic site

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第3期53卷 395-402页

作者： ZHANG Yue1,2,3, WANG ChunXue1,2, ZHANG ShuangQuan1,2 & GAO Xing1,2 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044 2 joint laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044 3 State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008 1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China2. Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing 210008 China

Ten thousands of bone fragments were recovered from the Ma’anshan Paleolithic site, of which 4358 pieces can be identified to skeletal elements or species. In this research, the bone assemblages are quantified based on elements of MNI, MNE, and MAU. Then bone surface modifications and skeletal element profiles of the bone assemblages are studied to understand shlepping behaviors and reveal the technique of disarticulating and defleshing the animals’ bodies, etc. Based on the analyses of bone assemblages and the comparative study with the ethnoarchaeological as well as experimental data, it is assumed that later hominids at the site made fuller use of the game animals than the earlier hominids. Incorporating the lines of evidence from chronological dating, paleoenvironment, and polished bone tools between the two cultural layers, here we propose three hypotheses suggesting that the changes of environment, the migrations of the hominids from the North, or the demographic pulses may cause such a behavioral difference. However, it is yet to be determined which hypothesis can better explain the changes.

关键词： Ma’anshan site zooarchaeology Paleolithic hominid behavior

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Periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第7期57卷 790-794页

作者： HU Rong1,2,3, ZHAO LingXia1,2 & WU XinZhi2 1 Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2 laboratory of human evolution, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china laboratory of human evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

Periodicity of Retzius lines is a key factor in dental development. In this study, we examined the periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South china using polarized light microscope observation of dental ground sections. The periodicities all of the 15 teeth were 9 d. Comparisons of periodicity were made with extant primates, fossil apes and hominins. Periodicity of fossil Pongo from South china was relatively long but fell within the variation of extant Pongo, Gorilla and modern human, and longer than periodicity of Pan and other extant primates. Fossil Pongo from South china was similar to Lufengpithecus and Sivapithecus, shorter than Gigantopithecus and longer than European and African fossil apes and most early hominins in periodicity. Generally, the periodicities of Asian large-body fossil apes were longer than the periodicities of European and African large-body fossil apes in Miocene. Difference among species and trend of evolution in periodicity were analyzed and discussed. We found that periodicity might gradually increase from Proconsul in early Miocene to several fossil apes in Miocene and then Gigantopithecus in Pleistocene. In addition, this study made correlate analysis between periodicity and body mass respectively in males and females of six extant apes and five fossil apes, and found that periodicity positively correlated with body mass.

关键词：周期性变化中国南方大猩猩化石灵长类动物早中新世类人猿显微镜观察

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Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper Palaeolithic in northern china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3, SHEN Chen1,2,4 GAO Xing1,2 CHEN FuYou1,2 & WANG ChunXue1,2,3 1Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China laboratory of human evolution and archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Royal Ontario Museum Toronto M5S 2C6 Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASOs) were identified from a few Upper Palaeolithic sites in northern china. Its morpho- logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASO has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern china. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were employed. The result suggests that the ASO might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, providing evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern china. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern china.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析

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Some problems on the studies of the late Pleistocene human evolution and formation of modern human populations

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1233-1241页

作者： LIU Wu(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china) [a]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

For the past two decades, studies and debates on the modern human origins around the world have attracted attentions to the late Pleistocene human evolution and formation of modern human populations, and some controversial hypotheses and problems have been proposed. In the present paper, some problems on the late Pleistocene human evolution, and the formation and differentiations of modern human populations in china are studied with a brief description and comments on the research advances in this field.

关键词： late Pleistocene human evolution formation and differentiation of modern human population paleoanthropology.

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Dynamics of morphological changes for mitochondrial fission and fusion

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 680-689页

作者： WANG ShiQi 1,2,4 , FU ChangLiang 1,2 , ZHANG Yan 1,2 , CHEN Quan 3 & LONG Mian 1,2 1 Key laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity laboratory), beijing 100190, china 2 Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Institute of Mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100190, china 3 State Key laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 4 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 1. Key laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity laboratory) Beijing 100190 China2. Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China4. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China3. State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Mitochondria experience continuous fusion and fission in a living cell, but their dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here a theoretical model was developed, upon a simplified population balance equation (PBE), to predict the morphological changes induced by mitochondrial fission and fusion. Assuming that both fission and fusion events are statistically independent, the survival probability of mitochondria staying in the fission or fusion state was formulated as an exponentially-decayed function with time, which depended on the time-dependent distribution of the mitochondrial volume and the fission and fusion rates. Parametric analysis was done for two typical volume distributions. One was Gamma distribution and the other was Gaussian distribution, derived from the measurements of volume distribution for individual mitochondria in a living cell and purified mitochondria in vitro. The predictions indicated that the survival probability strongly depended on morphological changes of individual mitochondria and was inversely correlated to the fission and fusion rates. This work provided a new insight into quantifying the mitochondrial dynamics via monitoring the evolution of the mitochondrial volume.

关键词： mitochondria morphology fission fusion dynamics modeling

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Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1300-1306页

作者： SU Benxun~ 1,2 **, ZHANG Hongfu~1, XIAO Yan~ 1,2 and ZHAO Xinmiao~ 1,2 (1. State Key laboratory of Lithospheric evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china) [a]State Key laboratory of Lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions （Mg#=90.4-91.0） to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts （Mg#=85.5-81.9）. The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1%. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Western Qinling Dangchang Haoti Cenozoic volcanic rocks olivine xenocrysts zoned texture.

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A puzzle of the radio-quiet quasar PG 1407+265:Are optical and X-ray emissions produced from a relativistic jet?

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第1期54卷 183-186页

作者： CHEN Liang 1,2,3 & BAI JinMing 1,2 1 National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650011,china 2 Key laboratory for the Structure and evolution of Celestial Objects,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650011,china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 1. National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China2. Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

PG 1407+265 is a radio quiet quasar that has a relativistic *** this report,we show some peculiar properties of its optical and X-ray emissions,which indicate possible non-thermal origins produced from the *** use a simple synchrotron + synchrotron self Compton (SSC) model to fit the emissions with different ratios of energy densities between the magnetic field and electrons (η≡U B/U e),which predicts a different γ-ray *** First LAT AGN Catalog (1LAC) did not include PG 1407+265,which indicates an upper limit of γ-ray *** upper limit constrains the ratio to be unreasonably large (η≥10 4-5).This inversely indicates that the optical and X-ray emissions may not be produced from the beaming *** discuss the physical implications of these results.

关键词： active galactic nuclei jet non-thermal emission PG 1407+265

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Petrology and tectonic significance of the early Mesozoic granulite xenoliths from the eastern Inner Mongolia, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第10期54卷 1484-1491页

作者： SHAO JiAn 1,2 & WEI ChunJing 1 1 The Key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal evolution, Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space sciences, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 2 Key laboratory of Mineral Resources, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 1. The Key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Granulite xenoliths are found in the early Mesozoic diorite intrusions from Chifeng and Ningcheng areas, eastern Inner Mongolia. The granulites are granoblastic and weakly gneissic with mineral assemblage of hypersthene, diopside, plagioclase and minor biotite, amphibole and ilmenite. Some samples contain the intergrowth composed of labradorite and vermicular hypersthene, and some coarse-grained plagioclases of andesine and labradorite composition occasionally develop bytownite rims with vermicular hypersthene, indicating a possible presence of garnet. Presence of blastogabbroic texture and hypersthene with diopside exsolution lamellae in some samples suggests that the protolith of the granulite is norite or gabbro. On the basis of metamorphic research and thermobaric calculation, the evolution of the granulite xenoliths is summarized into the following stages: (1) Isobaric cooling of underplated noritic or gabbroic magma in the lower crust led to the formation of probable garnet-bearing medium-high pressure granulite. (2) These higher pressure granulites were adiabatically uplifted to upper crust by dioritic magma and transformed to low pressure two-pyroxene granulite during an isothermal decompression. (3) The two-pyroxene granulite underwent retrograde metamorphism of different degrees during an isobaric cooling process as a result of crystallization and cooling of the dioritic magma. The pyroxenite-dominated cumulates and the medium-high pressure granulites may have rejuvenated the lower crust during the early Mesozoic.

关键词： early Mesozoic granulite xenolith lower crust North china Craton

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