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Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin,NW china

Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2,LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 state key laboratory of Petroleum resources and Prospecting,china university of Petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 state key laboratory of coal resources & safe mining,china university of mining & technology,beijing 100083,china 3 Exploration Research Center,Exploration & Development Institute,china Petrochemical Corporation,beijing 100083,china state key laboratory of Petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China state key laboratory of coal resources & safe mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim Basin,NW china,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei *** reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the *** the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological *** stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2) The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim Basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Late Permian coals from the Songzao coalfield, Chongqing, southwestern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第5期50卷 678-688页

作者： DAI ShiFeng1,2, ZHOU YiPing3, REN DeYi1, WANG XiBo1, 2, LI Dan1, 2 & ZHAO Lei1, 2 1 state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining (china university of mining and technology), beijing 100083, china 2 Department of resources and Earth Science, china university of mining and technology, beijing 100083, china 3 Kunming Research Institute of coal Science, Kunming 650041, china state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining (china university of mining and technology) Beijing 100083 China Department of resources and Earth Science China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China Kunming Research Institute of coal Science Kunming 650041 China state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining (china university of mining and technology) Beijing 100083 China

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the four main workable coal seams (No.6, No.7, No.8, and No.11) of Late Permian age from the Songzao coalfield, Chongqing, Southwest china, were examined using in- ductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), cold-vapor absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), ion-selective electrode (ISE), scanning electron mi- croscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that the main workable No.8 coal that accounts for about 60% of the total coal reserves in the Songzao coalfield was not enriched in hazardous trace elements. The No.11 coal has high concentrations of alkaline elements, Be (9.14 μg/g), Sc (12.9 μg/g), Ti (9508 μg/g), Mn (397 μg/g), Co (23.7 μg/g), Cu (108 μg/g), Zn (123 μg/g), Ga (32 μg/g), Zr (1304 μg/g), Nb (169 μg/g), Hf (32.7 μg/g), Ta (11.4 μg/g), W (24.8 μg/g), Hg (0.28 μg/g), Pb (28.1 μg/g), Th (24.1 μg/g), and rare earth elements (509.62 μg/g). The concentration of Nb and Ta in the No. 11 coal is higher than the industrial grade, and their potential utilization should be further studied. Besides pyrite, quartz, calcite, and clay minerals, trace minerals including chalcopyrite, marcasite, siderite, albite, mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, monazite, apatite, anatase, chlorite, and gypsum were found in the No.11 coal. It should be noted that alabandite of hydrothermal origin and anatase occurring as cement were identi- fied in coal. In addition, the clayey microbands derived from alkaline volcanic ashes were identified in the coal. The dominant compositions of these clayey microbands were mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, which were interlayered with organic bands. The modes of occurrence of alkaline volcanic ash bands indicate that the volcanic activities were characterized by the multiple eruptions, short time interval and small scale for each eruption during peat accumu

关键词： coal trace elements mineral alkaline volcanic ash Late Permian period Songzao coalfield

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Energy analysis for damage and catastrophic failure of rocks

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 199-209页

作者： XIE HePing 1,2,LI LiYun 2,1,JU Yang 2,PENG RuiDong 2 & YANG YongMing 2 1 Sichuan university,Chengdu 610065,china 2 state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining,beijing key laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rock and Concrete,china university of mining and technology,beijing 100083,china Sichuan university Chengdu China state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining Beijing Key Laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rock and Concrete China University of Mining and Technology Beijing China

The development history and current state of studies on the characteristics and mechanisms of deformation and failure of rock materials were briefly reviewed from the viewpoint of *** main scope and the achievable objectives of the energy-based research system were *** was validated by experiments that the damage process of rocks can be well described by the rock damage evolution equation established based on energy *** was found from the uniaxial compression and biaxial compression tests that only a small proportion of the total input energy in hard rocks is dissipated before peak load and a large proportion in soft rocks is dissipated before peak *** both hard and soft rocks,the energy dissipated after peak load accounts for a greater *** energy would be required for rock failure under equal biaxial compression than under unequal biaxial *** total absorbed energy is different for rock failure under high-rate loading and low-rate *** fragmented failure pattern usually corresponds to higher energy *** mesoscopic analysis on the damage and failure of bedded salt rocks showed that the energy dissipation is prominent and the total absorbed energy for rock failure is low when cracks propagate in the weak mud interlayer while it is contrary when cracks propagate in the salt *** energy accumulation,transfer,dissipation and release during the failure process of tunnel with impending failure under disturbance were analyzed theoretically based on the elastoplastic mechanics ***,the spatial distribution of energy dissipation and energy release of fractured rocks under unloading was simulated *** was demonstrated that energy is likely to be released from the weakest surface under compression,which triggers the global failure of rocks.

关键词： rock deformation failure energy accumulation energy dissipation energy release

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Thermal-mechanical coupled effect on fracture mechanism and plastic characteristics of sandstone

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 833-843页

作者： ZUO JianPing1,2, XIE HePing2,3, ZHOU HongWei1,2 PENG SuPing1 1 state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining, china university of mining and technology, beijing 100083, china 2 Institute of Rock Mechanics and Fractals, china university of mining and technology, beijing 100083, china 3 Sichuan university, Chengdu 610065, china state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining China University of Mining and Technology Beijing China Institute of Rock Mechanics and Fractals China University of Mining and Technology Beijing China Sichuan university Chengdu China

Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate fractographs of sandstone in mine roof strata under thermal-mechanical coupled effect. Based on the evolution of sandstone surface morphology in the failure process and frac- tography, the fracture mechanism was studied and classified under meso and mi- cro scales, respectively. The differences between fractographs under different tem- peratures were examined in detail. Under high temperature, fatigue fracture and plastic deformation occurred in the fracture surface. Therefore, the temperature was manifested by these phenomena to influence strongly on micro failure mechanism of sandstone. In addition, the failure mechanism would transit from brittle failure mechanism at low temperature to coupled brittle-ductile failure mechanism at high temperature. The variation of sandstone strength under differ- ent temperature can be attributed to the occurrence of plastic deformation, fatigue fracture, and microcracking. The fatigue striations in the fracture surfaces under high temperature may be interpreted as micro fold. And the coupled effect of tem- perature and tensile stress may be another formation mechanism of micro fold in geology.

关键词： sandstone, thermal-mechanical coupled effects, fractograph, plastic deformation, SEM, micro fold

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Calculation of maximum ground movement and deformation caused by mining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 562-569页

作者： LI Pei-xian1, 2, TAN Zhi-xiang1, 2, DENG Ka-zhong1, 2 1. key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, china university of mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116, china 2. Jiangsu key laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering, china university of mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116, china key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Jiangsu key laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

In order to know the maximum mining ground deformation of arbitrary surface point, directions of the maximum surface tilt, curvature,horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation caused by multi-working faces were deduced based on probability integral method. The distribution forms of surface deformations in all direction φ∈[0, 2π] were obtained and also equations of maximum deformations were given based on calculation of mining ground deformation in direction φ. A mining subsidence analysis system was developed with VB6.0. The system implements the probability integral mining subsidence prediction with direct integration method, and it can avoid errors of arbitrary shaped working face subdivision of traditional method, and accuracy of mining subsidence prediction can be improved with the direct integral method. The system implements the contour chart and profile chart and also data analysis automation by manipulation of the SURFER kernel function and it complements the defect of existing subsidence prediction software. Calculation of maximum deformations caused by multi-working faces mining in a coal mine of Xuzhou, china was shown as application example. Engineering application indicates that maximum deformation of mining ground surface can be calculated and analyzed by the system. The research provides a theoretical basis and calculation tool for mining subsidence prediction and analysis.

关键词： mining subsidence probability integral method movement and deformation system development

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A statistical model for porous structure of rocks

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第11期51卷 2040-2058页

作者： JU Yang1,2, YANG YongMing1, SONG ZhenDuo3 & XU WenJing4 1 state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining, china university of mining & technology, beijing 100083, china 2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The university of Calgary, 2500 university Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada 3 china National coal mining Equipment Co. Ltd, beijing 100011, china 4 Department of Materials and Metallurgy, The university of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering The University of Calgary Calgary Canada china National coal mining Equipment Co. Ltd Beijing China Department of Materials and Metallurgy The University of Utah Utah USA

The geometric features and the distribution properties of pores in rocks were in- vestigated by means of CT scanning tests of sandstones. The centroidal coordi- nates of pores, the statistic characterristics of pore distance, quantity, size and their probability density functions were formulated in this paper. The Monte Carlo method and the random number generating algorithm were employed to generate two series of random numbers with the desired statistic characteristics and prob- ability density functions upon which the random distribution of pore position, dis- tance and quantity were determined. A three-dimensional porous structural model of sandstone was constructed based on the FLAC3D program and the information of the pore position and distribution that the series of random numbers defined. On the basis of modelling, the Brazil split tests of rock discs were carried out to ex- amine the stress distribution, the pattern of element failure and the inosculation of failed elements. The simulation indicated that the proposed model was consistent with the realistic porous structure of rock in terms of their statistic properties of pores and geometric similarity. The built-up model disclosed the influence of pores on the stress distribution, failure mode of material elements and the inosculation of failed elements.

关键词： porous structure statistical model random numbers reconstruction rocks

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Subsidence control and farmland conservation by solid backfilling mining technology

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 665-669页

作者： GUO Guang-li1, 2, FENG Wen-kai3, ZHA Jian-feng1, 2, 3, LIU Yuan-xu1, 2, WANG Qiang1, 2 1. key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, china university of mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116, china 2. Jiangsu key laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering, china university of mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116, china 3. state key laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu university of technology, Chengdu 610059, china key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Jiangsu key laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China state key laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

Solid backfilling mining technology, which decreases the height of fissure zone and caving zone, and alleviates the subsidence, is a new technology for farmland conservation. Based on the situation analysis of farmland destruction in mining area, three ways for farmland protection were proposed. In order to improve the feasibility of this technology, the limited filling materials should be used to increase resources recovery ratio, and then the surplus materials could be backfilled into goaf. An index, namely farmland conservation ability, was put forward to optimize the ways for farmland conservation. At last, the Wanbei coal mine was taken as a case for farmland conservation. It was shown that 3240 t dull coal was substituted and 52 hm2 farmland was conserved by solid backfilling mining in this coal mine.

关键词： solid backfilling farmland conservation mining subsidence equivalent mining height

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Experimental study of dynamic mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete under high-strain-rate impacts

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2435-2449页

作者： JU Yang1,2,LIU HongBin1,SHENG GuoHua1,3 & WANG HuiJie1 1 state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining,beijing key laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rocks and Concrete,china university of mining and technology,beijing 100083,china 2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,university of Calgary,2500 university Drive,AB T2N 1N4,Canada 3 School of resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern university,Shenyang 110004,china state key laboratory of coal resources and safe mining Beijing Key Laboratory of Fracture and Damage Mechanics of Rocks and Concrete China University of Mining and Technology Beijing China Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Canada School of resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China

The dynamic mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete subjected to compressive impacts with high strain rates ranging from 10 to 1.1×102 s-1 were investigated by means of SHPB (split-Hopkinson-pressure-bar) tests of the cylindrical specimens with five different steel fiber volumetric *** properties of wave stress transmission,failure,strength,and energy consumption of RPC with varied fiber volumes and impact strain rates were *** influences of impact strain rates and fiber volumes on those properties were characterized as *** general forms of the dynamic stress-strain relationships of RPC were modeled based on the experimental *** investigations indicate that for the plain RPC the stress response is greater than the strain response,showing strong brittle *** RPC with a certain volume of fibers sustains higher strain rate impact and exhibits better deformability as compared with the plain *** a constant fiber fraction,the peak compressive strength,corresponding peak strain and the residual strain of the fiber-reinforced RPC rise by varying amounts when the impact strain rate increases,with the residual strain demonstrating the greatest *** the fiber content makes trivial contribution to improving the residual deformability of RPC when the impact strain rate is *** tests also show that the fiber content affects the peak compressive strength and the peak deformability of RPC in a different *** a constant impact strain rate and the fiber fraction less than 1.75%,the peak compressive strength rises with an increasing fiber *** peak compressive strength tends to decrease as the fiber volume exceeds 1.75%.The corresponding peak strain,however,incessantly rises with the increasing fiber *** total energy Edisp that RPC consumed during the period from the beginning of impacts to the time of residual strains elevates with the fiber volume increment as long as the fiber fraction

关键词： impact reactive powder concrete (RPC) high strain rate dynamic strength energy consumption dynamic stress-strain response

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Analysis of stability of coal pillars with multi-coal seam strip mining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 549-555页

作者： ZHANG Li-ya, DENG Ka-zhong, ZHU Chuan-guang, XING Zheng-quan Jiangsu key laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering, china university of mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116, china Jiangsu key laboratory of resources and Environmental Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China

Strip mining is one of the efficient measures to control surface subsidence and mining damage. However, the researches on the laws of the geological mining factors to upper and lower pillar's stability are still deficient in multi-coal seam strip mining at present. Based on the three dimension fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (short for FLAC3D) numerical simulation software, the laws of the stress increasing coefficient on the coal pillar and its stability were systematically studied for different depths, different mining widths, different interlayer spacings, different mining thicknesses, different properties of interstratified rock and the spacial relations of the upper and lower pillars in vertical alignment in multi-coal seam strip mining. The function relation between the stress increasing coefficient of upper and lower pillars with the mining depth, mining widths, interlayer spacing, mining thickness, property of interstratified rock and the spatial relationship were obtained.

关键词： multi-coal seam strip mining FLAC3D numerical simulation stability of coal pillar

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Macro-and microscopic mechanical behaviour of flow of coal samples experimentally deformed at high temperatures and pressures

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第S1期50卷 59-66页

作者： LIU Junlai , YANG Guang & MA Rui state key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources, china university of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing technology of Ministry of Education, china university of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china College of Earth Sciences, Jilin university, Changchun 130061, china state key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing technology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing China College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun China

coal samples from Qinshui Basin, Shanxi, china are experimentally deformed at temperatures and confining pressures of 200 - 500℃and 200 - 500 Mpa, strain rate of 0.5×10-5/s and total strain of 10%. The vitrinite reflectance of the coal samples varies from 3.04 to 1.79. It is shown that the strengths of the deformed samples change obviously with coeval increasing temperatures and pressures (T/P). At the experimental range of T/P, the effects of increasing temperature predominate over that of increasing pressure. Microstructural analysis indicates a brittle to ductile transition under experimental T/P conditions from 200 to 300℃, and 200 to 300Mpa. Brittle deformation microstruc-tures include macroscopic fracture zones and penetrative fracture associations. Elongation, undulose or irregular extinction, deformation lamellae and dynamic recrystallization of grains are the main ductile deformation microstructures. The variation of deformation mechanisms of the experimentally deformed coal samples is related to both the components of coals and T/P conditions. At low T/P, fractures occur in both inertinite and vitrinite of the samples. At higher T/P, crystalline plastic deformations are observed in the inertinite only.

关键词： coal experimental deformation brittle to ductile transition.

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