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Enrichment mechanisms of rare earth elements in marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts

Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第2期54卷 197-203页

作者： JIANG XueJun1,2,LIN XueHui1,2,YAO De3.4 & GUO WeiDong5 1 Key Laboratory of marine Oil and Gas Resources and marine Environment,Ministry of Land and Resources,qingdao 266071,{3. 2 qingdao institute of marine geology,{3. geological Survey,qingdao 266071,{3. 3.institute of Resources and Environment,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,{3. 4 institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,qingdao 266071,{3. 5 Department of Oceanography,Xiamen University,Xiamen 3.1005,{3. 1. Key Laboratory of marine Oil and Gas Resources and marine Environment Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 China2. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology China Geological Survey Qingdao 266071 China3. Institute of Resources and Environment Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049 China4. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China5. Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

A series of selective extraction experiments were conducted on marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts from the seamount near the Line Island to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements （REEs） and the mechanisms of combination between REEs and the hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts. The enrichment of REEs in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts is attributed mainly to the mineral or oxide/hydroxide of the crust rather than the growth environment. The REEs are present mainly in amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxide rather than in 6-MnO2. Amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxide preferentially combines free REE3., while 6-MnO2 combines the REE-carbonate complexes in modern seawater. The REEs in seawater are combined more strongly with amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxides than with 6-MnO2. The positive Ce anomaly in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts results from the oxidation of soluble Ce3. to insoluble Ce4＋ by the actively soluble oxygen of the bottom current rather than by the oxidation of δ-MnO2.

关键词： rare earth elements hydrogenic ferromanganese crust selective extraction experiment geochemistry combinationmechanism

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Ancient Changjiang channel system in the East china Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1972-1978页

作者： LI Guangxue1,2, LIU Yong1, YANG Zigeng3. YUE Shuhong4, YANG Wenda5 & HAN Xibin1 1. College of marine Geo-science, Ocean University of china, qingdao 266003. china 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Sea Floor Resource and Exploration Technique, qingdao 266003. china 3. qingdao institute of marine geology, qingdao 266071, china 4. College of marine Environment, Ocean University of china, qingdao 266003. china 5. First Survey Team of marine geology, Shanghai Bureau of Petroleum, Shanghai 201208, china 1. College of marine Geo-science Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Sea Floor Resource and Exploration Technique 266003 Qingdao China 3. qingdao institute of marine {3. 266071 Qingdao China 4. College of marine Environment Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China 5. First Survey Team of marine geology Shanghai Bureau of Petroleum 201208 Shanghai China

Based on the data of high-resolution seismic profiles, an ancient river channel sys-tem of the last glaciation occurred along the Zhedong and Xihu depression in the southeast of Hupijiao rise. The distribution of the channel fill system shows that the ancient Changjiang River went through the Changjiang depression into the low land plain of the outside continental shelf during the low sea level cycle of the last glaciation. The big channel fill into Okinawa Trough is not found due to the depletion of the river kinetic energy in the low land plain. The river discharge dispersal was of an important role to the dilution of the northern Okinawa Trough sea at that time. Six ancient river channel systems (A―F), which are main distributaries of ancient Changjiang in the East china Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation, may be buried off the modern Changjiang estuary. The distribution of these channels coincides with the zonal elevations in the sea floor.

关键词： last glaciation, continental shelf plain, Changjiang River, ancient channel fill

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Structural control of the Gagua “Wedge” Zone east of Taiwan Island on the southern Okinawa Trough

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1165-1174页

作者： ZHENG Yanpeng1,2,3. LIU Baohua2,3. WU Jinlong2, LIANG Ruicai2,3. LIU Chenguang2,3.& ZHANG Zhengmin1 1. marine geology College, Ocean University of china, {3. 266003. china 2. First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, {3. 266061, china 3. Key Laboratory of marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology, State Oceanic Administration, {3. 266061, china 1. marine geology College Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao China 2. First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 3. Key Laboratory of marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China

Based on compositive analysis and interpretation of the observed and historical data, the geophysical field characters and structural properties of the Gagua “Wedge” Zone of the sea area east of Taiwan Island and the primary tectonic stress direction and its variabilities of backarc spreading in the southern Okinawa Trough are studied. It is concluded from the study results that the Gagua “Wedge” Zone is structurally consistent with the Gagua ridge and two fault basins on both sides of the Gagua ridge, and adjusts the moving direction and distance of the western Philippine Sea plate to make the northwestward motion of the plate on its east side change to the northward subduction of the plate on its west side so that the primary tectonic stress direction of the Okinawa Trough changed from NW-SE to nearly N-S, which provided the stress source for the Okinawa Trough to enter the second spreading stage.

关键词： east of Taiwan Island, Gagua "Wedge" Zone, Okinawa Trough, structural control.

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Hydrocarbon test in lower-layer atmosphere to predict deep-sea petroleum or hydrate in the Okinawa Trough: an example

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第4期22卷 569-576页

作者： Gong Jianming1, Chen Jianwen 1, 2, Li Gang1, Zhang Xunhua1, Li Jipeng3. Huang Fulin1 1. qingdao institute of marine {3., qingdao 266071, china. 2. Ocean University of china, qingdao 266003. china 3. Hefei institute of Petroleum Chemical Exploration, china Petroleum Exploration and Development Research institute, Hefei 23.022,china qingdao Inst marine Geol Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China Ocean Univ china Qingdao 266003 Peoples R China china Petr Explorat & Dev Res Inst Hefei Inst Petr Chem Explorat Hefei 230022 Peoples R China

Light hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, propane, butane and CO2) test and C isotopic analysis of CO are conducted for over 100 lower-layer atmospheric samples from the East china Sea slope and the Okinawa Trough. The results show that the lower-layer atmosphere mainly consists of CO2 and then of CH4, and the CO2 concentrations are calculated to have a high average value of 0.87 omega/10(-2) about three times that of the regional background (0-3.omega/10(-2)). The result also shows that the average value of C isotope - 20.8 x 10(-3. is given to the CO2, inferring that it is inorganic gas. Thus, for the future 's work in the Okinawa Trough, special attention should be paid to CO2 hydrate, which is very possibly an important hydrate type.

关键词： lower-layer atmosphere hydrocarbon test C isotopic analysis deep-sea petroleum gas hydrate

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Distribution of molluscan remains in the sediment of the Chukchi Sea and its vicinity, the Arctic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第4期22卷 607-619页

作者： Gao Aiguo 1,2, Xu Fengshan3. Sun Haiqing 1,2, Li Lon1 1. First institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, qingdao 266061,china. 2. Key Laboratory of {3. Sedimentology and Environmental geology, State Oceanic Administration, qingdao 266061,china 3. institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, qingdao 266071,china State Ocean Adm Inst Oceanog 1 Qingdao 266061 Peoples R China State Ocean Adm Key Lab Marine Sedimentol & Environm Geol Qingdao 266061 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Oceanol Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China

The result of an analysis of mollusca remains collected from the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea and Bering Sea in the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, from July to September, 1999 is presented. Seventeen species of mollusca have been identified, which belong to two classes: Bivalvia and Gastropoda. The compositions of the mollusca are very simple. According to the distribution pattern two groups may be distinguished among molluscan species. The Pan-Arctic and circumboreal group comprises Nuculana pernula, ***, Nucula bellotii, Astarte montagui, Seripes groenlandicus, Macoma calcarea, M. moesta alaskana, Liocyrna fluctuosa, Mya pseudoarenaria and Turritella polaris. Three species, Cyclocardia crebricostata, Trichotrois coronata and Argobuccinum oregonense are components of the Pan-Arctic and Pacific boreal group. With regard to feeding habits, detritus feeders dominate. There are 7 species of detritus feeders, i.e., Nuculana pernula, N. radiata, Nucula bellotii, Macoma calcarea, M. moesta alaskana, Macoma sp. and Trichotropis coronata. Detritus feeders are dominant with regard to the numbers of species as well as to the frequency of occurrence. Macoma calcarea is the most abundant species.

关键词： Chukchi Sea Beaufort Sea Bering Sea molluscan remains

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REE and Sr-Nd isotope characteristics of hydrothermal chimney at Jade area in the Okinawa Trough

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第2期23卷 287-296页

作者： LIUYanguang MENGXianwei FUYunxia KeyLaboratoryofmarineSedimentologyandEnvironmentgeologyofStateOceanicAdministration Qingdao266061China geologicalResourceandGeotechnicalEngineeringCooperationofqingdao Qingdao266071China

Hydrothermal chimney is a product of hydrothermal activity on the seabed. Chimney samples dredged from Jade hydrothermal area in Izena depression of the Okinawa Trough, are characterized by relatively enriched light rare earth elements (LREE) and strongly positive Eu anomalies. 87Sr/86Sr and 143.d/144Nd of these samples are exactly between those of seawater and of acidic pumice, averaged at 0.708928 and 0.512292, respectively. These characteristics imply that the main source of hydrothermal sulfide at Jade area is possibly the undersurface acidic rocks. The mineralizing mechanism can be summarized as follows: Large amount of mineralized material would be leached out and LREE-enriched hydrothermal solution would be subsequently produced as a result of thermo-chemical exchange reaction between acidic volcanic rocks and heated seawater that penetrated in advance from upper water mass. The spurting out from the seabed and quickly crystallizing in the seawater of hydrothermal solution are responsible for the formation of Cu-Zn sulfide and barite-amorphous SiO2 minerals that are characterized by enriched LREE and positively strong Eu anomalies.

关键词： hydrothermal chimney rare earth elements Sr and Nd isotopes

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Representation of microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum correct to the second order

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 549-554页

作者： YUAN Yeli2 & HUA Feng1,2,3.1. institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, qingdao 266071, china 2. Key Laboratory of {3. Science and Numerical Modeling, State Oceanic Administration, qingdao 266061, china 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., china 1. Key Laboratory of marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 2. institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 266071 Qingdao China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

In this paper, the analytical representations of four wave source functions in high-frequency spectrum range are given on the basis of ocean wave theory and dimensional analysis, and the perturbation method is used to solve the governing equations of ocean wave high-frequency spectrum on the basis of the temporally stationary and locally homogeneous scale relations of microscale wave. The microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum correct to the second order has an explicit structure, its first order part represents the equilibrium between dif- ferent source functions, and its second order part represents the contribution of microscale wave propagation.

关键词： temporally stationary and locally homogeneous, source function in high-frequency spectrum range, microscale ocean wavenumber spectrum.

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BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第4期28卷 50-56页

作者： ZHANG Yong MENG Xiangjun SUN Ping CHEN Yanli QU Peng Key Laboratory of marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment geology of Ministry of Land and Natural Resources Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Ministry of Land and Natural Resources Qingdao 266071 China qingdao institute of marine {3. Ministry of Land and Natural Resources Qingdao 266071 China North china Sea Branch State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266033 China

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX （short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers） among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South china Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.

关键词： BTEX submarine petroleum prospecting chemical anomaly oil and gas reservoirs

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Morphology and internal architecture of a banner bank off Chengshan Headland, Shandong Peninsula

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第5期28卷 58-65页

作者： ZHOU Liangyong LIU Jia XUE Chunting KONG Xianghuai BAI Dapeng College of marine Geo-science Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China The Key Laboratory of marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental geology Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 China qingdao institute of marine {3. Qingdao 266071 China

A banner bank off the north coast of the Chengshan Headland, Shandong Peninsula, has been described on the basis of echo sounder bathymetry, side-scan sonar and high-resolution seismic data sets. The bank is in NWW direction, approximately parallel to the coastline. The bank consists of sandy silt or clayed silt. Sand waves and megaripples are observed on the north side, which result from strong tidal currents around the headland and storm waves in winter. These bed forms indicate that the bank is influenced by the modern hydrodynamics. The bank is separated from the coast and Holocene subaqueous clinoform around the Shandong Peninsula in its east part. High-resolution seismic profiles reveal that the bank was formed during two periods： the earlier seismic unit Ua, and later seismic units Ub and Uc which overlays Ua with erosional surfaces on its south side and north side, respectively. As comparing with the clinoform, the bank has a different internal architecture. In the west of the bank, however, topography and surface sediment characteristics suggest that the bank links to the clinoform. The authors propose that seismic Ua is a residual part of early clinoform deposit. After the sediments in the north and south of Ua were eroded by strong currents, the Ub and Uc started to deposit probably by a complex hydrodynamic process. These results provide new insights into the evolution of the bank and its relation with the Holocene subqueous clinoform.

关键词： banner bank morphology internal architecture bed forms Holocene subqueous clinoform Huanghai Sea

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Oceanic iron fertilization: one of strategies for sequestration atmospheric CO_2

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第1期22卷 57-68页

作者： Song Jinming marine Ecology and Environmental Science Lab, institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, qingdao 266071, {3. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Oceanol Marine Ecol & Environm Sci Lab Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China

Carbon cycle is connected with the most important environmental issue of Global Change.As one of the major carbon reservoirs, oceans play an important part in the carbon cycle. In recent years, iron seems to give us a good news that oceanic iron fertilization could stimulate biological productivity as CO2 sink of human-produced CO2. Oceanic iron fertilization experiments have verified that adding iron into high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) seawaters can increase phytoplankton production and export organic carbon, and hence increase carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2, to reduce global warming. In sixty days, the export organic carbon could reach 10 000 times for adding iron by model prediction and in situ experiment, i.e. the atmospheric CO2 uptake and inorganic carbon drawdown in upper seawaters also have the same magnitude. Therefore, oceanic iron fertilization is one of the strategies for increasing carbon sink of anthropogenic CO2. The paper is focused on the iron fertilization, especially in situ ocean iron experiments in order that the future research is more efficient.

关键词： Iron fertilization phytoplankton production export organic carbon CO2 sink

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