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Numerical simulation of topography effects on the “00.7” severe rainfall in beijing

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第9期15卷 818-826页

作者： ZHANG Chaolin1**, JI Chongping1, KUO Yinghwa2, FAN Shuiyong1, XUAN Chunyi3 and CHEN Min1(1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, china meteorological administration, beijing 100089, china 2. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, national center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA 3. beijing meteorological Bureau, beijing 100089, china) Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA. beijing meteorological Bureau Beijing 100089 China

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4—5th July 2000 in beijing (with 24h accumulated precipitation of 240 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v3.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF 3DVAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional meteorological observations in its assimilation step. For 24 h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72, 0.76, 0.67 and 0.63, for thresholds of 1, 5, 10, and 20 mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 110, 50 and 3.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.

关键词： topography heavy rainfall 3DVAR ground-based GPS numerical simulation.

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Interdecadal trend turning of global terrestrial temperature and precipitation during 1951-2002

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1383-1393页

作者： Xiaohui Shi Xiangde Xu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences,beijing 100081,china State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

A grid-by-grid counting of interdecadal trend turning(ITT)of annual mean surface air temperature(SAT)and total precipitation at 67,359 terrestrial grids in the period 1951-2002 is *** analysis of the last ITTs of SAT and total precipitation in the period,in the context of both occurrence time and linear trends after the breakpoint,indicates that a warming trend has become highly significant across most reagent of the world in the late 20th *** terrestrial grids have recorded an ITT of total precipitation in either the 1970s or 1980s,and 45.7% of the terrestrial grids in the study have seen a decreasing trend in total annual precipitation after the break- point,with the remaining 54.3% having experienced an increasing ***,global terrestrial regions have experienced either an increasingly warm and dry climate or an increasingly warm and wet *** analysis of ITT of regional mean SAT and total pre- cipitation in 22 regions shows that the Northern American continent has become increasingly warm and dry after the last interdecadal ***,the African continent has become increasingly warm and wet,with both Europe and most of Asia having the same *** South America and the West of Australia have experienced an opposite trend in climate,becoming increasingly cold and wet.

关键词： Global terrene Surface air temperature Precipitation Interdecadal trend turning

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Analysis of the severe group dust storms in eastern part of Northwest china

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第3期12卷 357-362页

作者： ZHOU Zijiang, WANG Xiwen(1. national meteorological center, beijing 100081, china 2. Lanzhou Central meteorologicalObservatory, Lanzhou 730020, china) national meteorological center 北京 100081 Lanzhou Central meteorological Observatory Lanzhou 730020

Based on the available original dust storm records from 60 meteorological stations, we discussed the identification standard of severe dust storms at a single station and constructed a quite complete time series of severe group dust storms in the eastern part of Northwest china in 1954–2001. The result shows that there were 99 severe group dust storms in this region in recent 48 years. The spatial distribution indicates that the Alax Plateau, most parts of the Ordos Plateau and most parts of the Hexi Corridor are the main areas influenced by severe group dust storms. In addition, the season and the month with the most frequent severe group dust storms are spring and April, accounting for 78.8% and 41.4% of the total events respectively. During the past 48 years the lowest rate of severe group dust storms occurred in the 1990s. Compared with the other 4 decades, on the average, the duration and the affected area of severe group dust storms are relatively short and small during the 1990s. In 2000 and 2001, there were separately 4 severe group dust storms as the higher value after 1983 in the eastern part of Northwest china.

关键词： eastern part of Northwest china severe group dust storms temporal and spatial distribution characteristics

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A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of china

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 223-231页

作者： Peng Yanju1,Lu Yuejun1,Yan Jiaquan2,Tang Rongyu1,Wang Junqin3 and Li Jiagang3 1. Institute of Crustal Dynamics,china Earthquake administration,beijing 100085,china 2. Institute of Geophysics,china Earthquake administration,beijing 100081,china 3. beijing Research center of china national Offshore Oil Corp.,beijing 100027,china Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor K to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 200 and 1000 - 2500 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： fixed offshore platform seismic design level seismic design objective return period Bohai Sea

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Climate effects of nuclear war in china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1993年第2期5卷 230-240页

作者： Cao HongxingChinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, chinaWang Yongzhong Lin Yunmeibeijing Institute of Meteorology, beijing 100081, china Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China. China

By utilizing simulations of climatic respponse to nuclear smoke, which were made by the Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory, USA, climate change in china induced by a large-scale nuclear war is analysed. Remarkable climate change in china following nuclear smoke injections is found. The surface air temperature decreases dramatically around all china, surface cooling is 13 ℃ averaging over whole china in July and maximum cooling is 23. 4 ℃ , 3 ℃ cooling in January and maximum 8℃ for the 150 Tg smoke injection (equivalent to the base-line nuclear war). However, the change in temperature is unhomogeneous, implying that the rise in temperature happens over some parts of china. An averaging precipitation decrease in many of months of the experimental year. The precipitation defect is dependent on a scale of nuclear war, the deduction is 1.8mm/day averaging over china in July in the 150 Tg smoke injection, and 0.1 mm/d in January. Nevertheless, the precipitation enhancement in a few months over some regions is found. This dramatic climate change brings catastrophe to agriculture, ecology, as well as socio-economics.

关键词： nuclear winter climate simulation precipitation change.

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Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2, KANG Shichang2,3,5, SUN Junying4,5, Paul A. Mayewski2 & QIN Dahe5 1. national Climate center, china meteorological administration, beijing 100081, china 2. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, china 4. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, china 5. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 1. national Climate center China Meteorological Administration 100081 Beijing China 2. Climate Change Institute University of Maine 04469 Orono ME USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 Beijing China 4. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 5. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 20D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 20D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (20D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

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Simulation of freezing and melting of soil on the northeast Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第20期56卷 2145-2155页

作者： XIA Kun 1,2,3,LUO Yong 2,4,5 & LI WeiPing 2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100029,china 2national Climate center,china meteorological administration,beijing 100081,china 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,china 4 center for Earth System Science,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,china 5Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Simulation,Ministry of Education,beijing 100084,china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences national Climate center China Meteorological Administration Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Earth

Using observational data spanning the period from February to December 2009 and recorded at the Suli station in Qinghai Province,the land-surface model CLM3.0 was employed to simulate the freezing and melting of *** results indicate that the simulated soil temperature is higher than the observed soil temperature and the ultimate thawing date is earlier than the observed date during the melting *** the freezing period,the simulated soil temperature is lower than the observed soil temperature and the ultimate freezing of the deep soil is earlier than that ***,the simulation of freezing is better than that of melting,and the simulation of a shallow layer is better than that of a deeper *** the original CLM3.0,it is assumed that frozen soil begins to melt when the soil temperature exceeds 0C,which is inconsistent with *** critical freeze-thaw temperature was calculated according to thermodynamics equations and the freeze-thaw condition was *** this work,the melting rate for frozen soil was reduced using the modified scheme,and the simulated soil temperature was lowered. Meanwhile,the refreezing of soil during the melting season was well simulated and more closely matched ***,it was found that the rates of melting and freezing differ,with the former being slower than the latter,but refreezing during the melting season is rather quick.

关键词：土壤温度冻结期青藏高原东北部模拟融化观测数据热力学方程表面模型

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CO_2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第14期47卷 1217-1220页

作者： WANG Gengchen, WEN Yupu, KONG Qinxin, REN Lixin & WANG MulinInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing, 100029, china Academy of meteorological Sciences, china meteorological administration, beijing 100086, china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Academy of meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing China

Based on the long-term monitoring data on CO2 concentration, variation trend and characteristics of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland are analyzed. Results show that the increasing trend of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere over the Chinese mainland has appeared during the period of 1991-2000. The average annual CO2 growth increment is 1.59μL/L, and the average annual CO2 growth rate is 0.44%. Distinct seasonal variations of CO2 background concentration are observed, and the averaged amplitude of CO2 seasonal variations is 10.35μL/L. Regional variation characteristics of CO2 background concentration in the atmosphere and possible impact of human activities on these variations over the Chinese mainland are discussed as well.

关键词： CO2 background concentration Chinese mainland CO2 growth rate CO2 seasonal variation CO2 regional variation CO2 variation trend.

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Case studies on mesoscale structures of heavy rainfall system in the Yangtze River generated by Meiyu front

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1303-1311页

作者： LIU Liping1, RUAN Zheng1 & QIN Danyu2 1. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, china 2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, china 1. Chinese Academy of meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology 210044 Nanjing China

A heavy rainfall system was observed over the Yangtze River during Meiyu season by using dual-Doppler radar systems in the field experiment conducted by the project of national Fundamental Research Planning “Research on formation mechanism and the prediction theory of hazardous weather over china”. The three-dimensional mesoscale kinematic structure and process of a heavy rain on 22 and 23 July, 2002 are investigated by using the radial velocity and dual-Doppler radar technique. The results show that a southwest-northeast oriented rain band with the length of about 1000 km involves numbers of meso-β or meso-γ-scale convective cells with the size of 20―50 km. The heavy rain band in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River ex-ists in a low-level wind shear. The interaction between southwest low-level jet on the southern side of wind shear and east wind on the northern side formed the updraft. The wind disturbance, wind shear and convergence generate the convective action. The new cell developed in right rear flank of rain band and moved to the southwest wind area, where the vapor is abundant. This kind of echo can last a long time and developed well. The strong convective echoes are often ac-companied by the meso-γ-scale vortex and convergence.

关键词： heavy rainfall in Meiyu front, mesoscale structure, dual-Doppler radar, middle reaches of the Yangtze River, low-level jet.

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Influences of greenhouse effect on agricultural production in china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1990年第4期2卷 3-10页

作者： Gao Suhua, Ding Yihui, Pan Yaru and Zhao Zongci Academy of meteorological Science,State meteorological administration,beijing 100081,china

An obvious warming in china induced by doubled carbon, dioxide as simulated by the climatic models have been found. It is also noticed that there might be drying or wetting in some parts of china induced by doubled CO2 as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs). Agricultural productivity mainly depends on the temperature, rainfall and soil moisture in china. The changes of agricultural productivity in the different parts of china induced by doubled CO2 have been estimated in this paper. It is shown that the greenhouse effect might cause increasing production in some parts of china and decreasing production in other parts of china.

关键词： greenhouse effect agricultural productivity doubled CO2 GCMs climatic productivity force.

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