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Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2, KANG Shichang2,3.5, SUN Junying4,5, Paul A. Mayewski2 & QIN Dahe5 1. national climate center, China Meteorological Administration,{3., China 2. climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, China 4. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,{3., China 5. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, China national climate center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME USA Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 20D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 20D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (20D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

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Some characteristics of the atmosphere during an adiabatic process

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第6期16卷 644-648页

作者： GAO Li, LI Jianping and REN Hongli (LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, China national {3. center, Laboratory of {3. Studies, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China) LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China national climate center Laboratory of Climate Studies China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

Some important characteristics of the atmosphere during an adiabatic process are investigated, which include the invariability of atmospheric entropy range and local surface potential temperature, the conservation of the atmospheric mass intervened between any isentropic surface and the ground, and the isentropic surface intersecting with the ground. The analysis shows that the atmospheric reference state (ARS) for investigation on available potential energy (APE) should be defined objectively as the state which could be approached from the existing atmosphere by adiabatic adjustment, and be related to initial atmospheric state before adjustment. For the initial atmosphere state at any time, its corresponding ARS is different from the one at another time. Based on the above-mentioned conclusions, the reference state proposed by Lorenz cannot be obtained physically, so a new conception, the conditional minimum total potential energy, is put forward in order to objectively investigate atmospheric APE.

关键词： available potential energy adiabatic isentropic surface atmospheric reference state conditional minimum total potential energy.

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Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Ni o Events

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第2期5卷 123-127页

作者： ZHENG Fei 1,WAN Li-Ying 2,and WANG Hui 3.1 International center for climate and Environment Science (ICCES),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,{3. 100029,China 2 Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting,national Marine Environmental Forecasting center,{3. 100081,China 3.national Meteorological center,{3. 100081,China International center for climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China national Meteorological center Beijing 100081 China

El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming *** physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity *** this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3. quality controlled ocean *** is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper *** related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio ***,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events.

关键词： salinity effect CP-E1 Nifio EN3.dataset

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Progress in China’s climate change study in the 20th century

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2004年第S1期 5-13页

作者： ZHAI Panmao1,2, CHAO Qingchen1,2, ZOU Xukai1,2(1. Laboratory for climate Studies, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China 2. national climate center, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China)

Studies on the 20th century climate change in China have revealed that under the background of global warming over the past century, climate in China has also experienced significant change with mean annual temperature increased by about 0.5 oC. More reliable results for the latter part of the 20th century indicate that the largest warming occurred in Northwest China, North China and Northeast China, and the warming in winter is most significant. Although no obvious increase or decrease trends were detected for mean precipitation over China in the past half century, regional differences are very distinct. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, precipitation increased, while that in the Yellow River Basin markedly decreased. Studies suggest that climate change in China seems to be related not only with the internal factors such as ENSO, PDO, and the others, but also with the anthropogenic effects such as greenhouse gas emissions, and land use. The future climate change studies in China seem to be important in narrowing understanding the nature of China's climate change and its main causes, since it is significant for projection and for impact assessment of climate change in the future.

关键词： th century climate change China

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Assessment of Global Weather Disasters in 2000

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2001年第4期10卷 152-160页

作者： LIU Chuanfeng (national climate center,{3., China) national climate center Beijing 100081 China

The global climate in 2000 kept warmer than that in the average year. The strong La Nina weakened abruptly after reaching its second peak value over the central and eastern Pacific region along the equator in January. The event had significant impacts upon the world climate, especially that in the tropical regions. Many areas of the Northern Hemisphere suffered severe cold weather in winter and heat wave in summer. The globe was afflicted with severe high temperature, drought and forest fire, whereas many areas in southern Asia. Western Europe, southern Africa, and northern South America were frequently attacked by Storm rainfall. It is estimated that the global economic loss caused by weather disasters in 2000 was over $ 100 billion with hundreds of millions of people affected.

关键词： global weather disaster severe cold drought flooding

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A new type of Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2000年第1期19卷 35-46页

作者： Xie Simei Hao Chunjiang Zou Bin Jing Qiyi Liao Xiaohong Sheng Xiaowen Zhang Canrong (1. national Research center for Marine Environment Forecasts, beijing 100081, China 2, Second Institute of China Aerospace Corporation 3. {3. Chuanyi Electric Compan Natl. Res. Ctr. Mar. Environ. F. Beijing 100081 China Second Inst. of China Aerosp. Corp. China beijing Chuanyi Electric Company Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System (SMSRPS) is specially developed for the navigation meteorological safeguard of the Antarctic exploration ship over the sea ice area of the forth Ocean. This system can suit to the climate environment of very high temperature high moisture and very low temperature - supersaturation; it has a self-protection ability to against the hurricane - force wind over force 12 and the strong vibration during icebreaking, as well as strong magnetic disturbance. It has two sets of receiving-imagery processing systems for polar orbit low-resolution and quasi-stationary high-solution satellites. The key creation Points of this system are as follows: 1. the active gyro-control stabilization platform and a mixed mounting system of three rotating a - B and x -- y axes are used. It solved the tracing difficulties both in the low elevation angle and very high elevation angle of polar-orbit satellite, even in the status of ship moving with continuously changing its poition, direction and ship roll and pitch. 2. Imagery processing subsystem. The newest BORLAND-- DELPHI language and PASCAL language pro gramming software are used under WINDOWS 95 environment. It has a dynamic positioning nested-grid system and electric mapping grid data system. It can show the latitude-longitude of any point on the map, and marks any object such as ship, station or island, and draws the route. It can monitor cloud and temperature, forest fire, anomalous change of ocean and land. It can output satellite cloud maps of 24 bit with very high clarity. This system is very advanced in technique for the whole structure with the features of small volume, light weight and very low cost. It suits to very bad climate and ocean environment. Its imagery process ing system has complete functions with high resolution and being very easy to operate. It is not only suit to land use, but also and specially to all kinds of ship over the sea. It can be exte

关键词： Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System imagery processing system active gyro-control platform

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Simulation of freezing and melting of soil on the northeast Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第20期56卷 2145-2155页

作者： XIA Kun 1,2,3.LUO Yong 2,4,5 & LI WeiPing 2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100029,China 2national climate {3.,China Meteorological Administration,beijing 100081,China 3.raduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,China 4 {3. for Earth System Science,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,China 5Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Simulation,Ministry of Education,beijing 100084,China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences national climate center China Meteorological Administration Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Earth

Using observational data spanning the period from February to December 2009 and recorded at the Suli station in Qinghai Province,the land-surface model CLM3.0 was employed to simulate the freezing and melting of *** results indicate that the simulated soil temperature is higher than the observed soil temperature and the ultimate thawing date is earlier than the observed date during the melting *** the freezing period,the simulated soil temperature is lower than the observed soil temperature and the ultimate freezing of the deep soil is earlier than that ***,the simulation of freezing is better than that of melting,and the simulation of a shallow layer is better than that of a deeper *** the original CLM3.0,it is assumed that frozen soil begins to melt when the soil temperature exceeds 0C,which is inconsistent with *** critical freeze-thaw temperature was calculated according to thermodynamics equations and the freeze-thaw condition was *** this work,the melting rate for frozen soil was reduced using the modified scheme,and the simulated soil temperature was lowered. Meanwhile,the refreezing of soil during the melting season was well simulated and more closely matched ***,it was found that the rates of melting and freezing differ,with the former being slower than the latter,but refreezing during the melting season is rather quick.

关键词：土壤温度冻结期青藏高原东北部模拟融化观测数据热力学方程表面模型

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IMPACT OF SUMMER MONSOON'S ANNUAL VARIATION IN EAST ASIA ON DROUGHT-FLOOD DISASTERSAND WATER RESOURCES IN CHINA

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1996年第4期 156-162页

作者： Zhang Qing and Zhang Aiqun(national climate center,{3. 100081)

This paper is based on the precipitation of a period of ten days in 3.6stations which are divided into seven areas of China from 1951 to 1995. We analysed drought and flood facts in the active period of summer monsoon... 详细信息

关键词： EAST ASIA IMPACT OF SUMMER MONSOON’S ANNUAL VARIATION IN EAST ASIA ON DROUGHT

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climate change tendency and grassland vegetation response during the growth season in Three-River Source Region

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1506-1512页

作者： QIAN Shuan1,FU Yang2 & PAN FeiFei3.1 national Meteorological center,beijing {3.,China 2 Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute,Xining 810001,China 3.Department of Geography,University of North Texas,Denton,TX 76203.USA national Meteorological center Beijing China Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute Xining China Department of Geography University of North Texas Denton USA

climate change,climate suitablity change for grassland vegetation,and grassland response to climate change during the growth season are studied systematically by using meteorological data of temperature,precipitation,and length of sunlight from 1961 to 2007,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI from 1982 to 2006,and observations of grass height,biomass,and coverage in enclosed grassland from 1994 to *** models are developed to evaluate climate change and the climatic suitability of grassland vegetation *** temperature,accumulative precipitation,and length of sunlight during the growth season increased from 1961 to 2007 at rates of 0.24°C/10 yr,2.3. mm/10 yr,and 2.81 h/10 yr,*** increase rates of ave-rage temperature between April and May,and between June and August are 0.17 and 0.3.°C/10 yr;accumulative rainfall between April and May increased at a rate of 2.80 mm/10 yr,and accumulative rainfall between June and August decreased at a rate of 0.3. mm/10 yr;the increase rates of accumulative length of sunlight between April and May,and between June and August are 2.15 and 1.2 h/10 *** climatic suitability of grassland vegetation growth showed an increasing trend,and the increase rate between April and May is greater than that between June and *** NDVI observations from 1982 to 2006 and measurements of grass height,dry biomass,and coverage from 1994 to 2006 show that the climate change has resulted in an increase in plant productivity of the grassland in Three-River Source *** some protection measures are taken as soon as possible,the deteriorated grassland in Three-River Source Region can recover.

关键词： climate change climate suitability change grassland vegetation Three-River Source Region

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Global analysis theory of climate system and its applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1034-1039页

作者： LI Jianping1,2 & CHOU Jifan2,3.1. LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 3. Training center for China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The idea and main theoretical results of the global analysis theory of climate system are briefly summarized in this paper. A theorem on the global behavior of climate system is given, i.e. there exists a global attractor in the dynamical equations of climate, any state of climate system will be evolved into the global attractor as time increases, indicating the nonlinear adjustment process of climate system to external forcing. The different effects of external forcing, dissipation and nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions are pointed out, and some main applications of the global analysis theory are also introduced. Especially, three applications, the adjustment and evolution processes of climate, the principle of numerical model design and the optimally numerical integration, are discussed.

关键词：整体分析理论气侯体系应用不定性计算法则气侯科学数字模型

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