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Ionization state of cosmic hydrogen by early stars and quasars

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第6期9卷 665-681页

作者： Xiao-Chun Mao1,2 1 national astronomical observatories, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences

Cosmic hydrogen is reionized and maintained in its highly ionized state by the ultraviolet emission attributed to an early generation of stars and quasars. The Lyα opacity observed in absorption spectra of high-redshift quasars permits more stringent constraints on the ionization state of cosmic hydrogen. Based on density perturbation and structure formation theory, we develop an analytic model to trace the evolution of the ionization state in the post-overlap epoch of reionization, in which the bias factor is taken into account. For quasars, we represent an improved luminosity function by utilizing a hybrid approach for the halo formation rate that is in reasonable agreement with the published measurements at 2 ≤ z ≤ 6. Comparison with the classic Press-Schechter mass function of dark matter halos, we demonstrate that the biased mass distribution indeed enhances star formation efficiency in the overdense environment by more than 25 per cent following the overlap of ionized bubbles. In addition, an alternative way is introduced to derive robust estimates of the mean free path for ionizing photons. In our model, star-forming galaxies are likely to dominate the ionizing background radiation beyond z = 3, and quasars contribute equally above a redshift of z ～ 2.5. From 5 ≤ z ≤ 6, the lack of evolution in photoionization rate can thus be explained by the relatively flat evolution in star formation efficiency, although the mean free path of ionizing photons increases rapidly. Moreover, in the redshift interval z ～ 2 - 6, the expected mean free path and Gunn-Peterson optical depth obviously evolve by a factor of ～ 500 and ～50 respectively. We find that the relative values of critical overdensities for hydrogen ionization and collapse could be 430% at z ≈2 and 2% at z ≈6, suggesting a rapid overlap process in the overdense regions around instant quasars following reionization. We further illustrate that the absolute estimates of the fraction of neutral hydrogen computed fr

关键词： cosmology theory -- formation galaxies -- quasars general -- diffuse radiation -- intergalactic medium

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Spectroscopic study of globular clusters in the halo of M31 with the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第11期11卷 1298-1310页

作者： Zhou Fan1,2,Ya-Fang Huang1,2,Jin-Zeng Li1,2,Xu Zhou1,2,Jun Ma1,2,Hong Wu1,2,Tian-Meng Zhang1,2 and Yong-Heng Zhao1,2 1 national astronomical observatories,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100012,china 2 Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy,national astronomical observatories,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100012,china national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences

We present spectroscopic observations for 11 confirmed globular clusters(GCs) of M31 with the OMR spectrograph on the 2.16 m telescope at the Xinglong site of national astronomical observatories,chinese academy of *** of our sample clusters are located in the halo of M31 and the most remote one is out to a projected radius of 78.75 kpc from the galactic *** all our sample clusters,we measured the Lick absorption-line indices and radial *** is noted that most GCs in our sample are distinct from the HI rotation curve of galaxy M31,especially for B514,MCGC5,H12 and B517,suggesting that most of our sample clusters do not have a kinematic association with the star-forming young disk of the *** separately fitted the absorption line indices from the updated stellar population model of Thomas et *** two different tracks of Cassisi and Padova,by applying the χ2 minimization *** fitting results show that all our sample clusters are older than 10 Gyr,and metal-poor(2.38 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.91 dex).After merging the spectroscopic metallicity of our work with the previously published ones,we extended the cluster sample out to a projected radius of 117 kpc from the galaxy's *** found the metallicity gradient exists for all the confirmed clusters with a slope of 0.028 ± 0.001 dex kpc ***,the slope turns out to be 0.018 ± 0.001 dex kpc 1 for all the halo clusters,which is much *** we only consider the outer halo clusters with rp > 25 kpc,the slope becomes 0.010 ± 0.002 dex kpc 1 and if one cluster G001 is excluded from the outer halo sample,the slope is 0.004 ± 0.002 dex kpc ***,we conclude that the metallicity gradient for M31's outer halo clusters is not significant,which agrees well with previous findings.

关键词： galaxies individual(M31) — galaxies star clusters — globular clusters general — star clusters general

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Possible effect of solar activity on variation of the tree-rings of a 500 a platycladus orientalis at the Mausoleum of Emperor Huang

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第4期52卷 631-639页

作者： FENG Bo1,2 & HAN YanBen1 1 Xi’an Institute of Posts & Telecommunications,Xi’an 710061,china 2 national astronomical observatories,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100012,china Xi’an Institute of Posts & Telecommunications Xi’an China national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The variation of the tree-ring's index of a platycladus orientalis at the Mausoleum of Emperor Huang and of a long series of sunspots relative number during AD1470-1974 are analyzed by using the wavelet power spectrum method,and their variation characters are also discussed. It is determined that the tree-ring's variation has cycles of approximate 2-7,11,93 and 150 a. Two data series are used for analyzing sunspot relative number(SSN) variation. First,the analysis of the annual average SSN during AD1700-1974 proved that variation cycles are about 11,50,and 93 a; then,the data during AD1465-1975 obtained from the decadal average SSN train over 7000 a reconstructed on the geomagnetic data is analyzed and its variation cycles are about 50,90,and 160 a. Besides the tree-rings cycle of 2-7 a is commonly considered to be related to ENSO,while 11 a cycle is related to solar Schwabe cycle; in addition,it is possible that the cycles of 90 and150 a are likely to be related to solar Gleissberg cycle and Suess cycle. The correlations between them are possibly due to the effect of solar activity on the climate and additionally on the tree's growth.

关键词： tree-ring solar activity climate change wavelet spectrum

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Drifting bands of solar radio spikes

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chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第4期53卷 638-640页

作者： XU FuYing1,2& WU HongAo1,2 1 Purple Mountain Observatory,chinese academy of sciences,Nanjing 210008,china 2 national astronomical observatories,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100012,china Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

The solar flare(1N/C5.3) occurred in NOAA 8742 on October 27,1999,and the accompanied complex radio burst was observed by the spectrometer with both high temporal(5 ms) and frequency(10 MHz) resolutions at Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO).It started at 04:27:42 UT,peaked at 04:28:42 UT and ended at 04:29:18 *** most significant feature of the event might be the sequential spikes in both time and frequency to form three slow drift bands over the frequency range of ～5 to ≥7.5 GHz with almost the same drift rate about 2.7 GHz/*** relative bandwidth for the individual spikes varied from 1.6% to 4.9%,typically 3.3%.Based on electron cyclotron maser action driven by loss-cone anisotropy,the rare phenomena of slow drift band consisting of spikes were interpreted by spike source moving back and forth along the magnetic ***,the estimations of the narrow bandwidths of spike given by electron cyclotron maser theory coincided well with the observations.

关键词：太阳耀斑微波爆裂太阳活动天文学

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Entropy of three-dimensional BTZ black holes

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中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学英文版 2004年第3期47卷 277-283页

作者： GAO Changjun1,2 & SHEN Yougen1,2,3,4 1.Shanghai astronomical Observatory,chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 200030,china(mailing address) 2.national astronomical observatories,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100012,china 3.Institute of Theoretical Physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080,china 4.Shanghai United Center for Astrophysics,Shanghai 200234,china Shanghai astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China

The entropies of scalar field and neutrino field are calculated in the background of three-dimensional BTZ black hole. Considering statistical physics,we propose not to consider the superraradiant modes for bosons (Fermion fields do not display supperradiance).In fact,the nonsuperradiant modes do contribute exactly the area entropy for both bosons and fermions. The result shows that the neutrino field entropy is 3/2 times the scalar one.

关键词： BTZ black holes, entropy, supperradiant modes.

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Analysis on the positioning precision of CAPS

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第3期52卷 328-332页

作者： JI YuanFa1,2 & SUN XiYan1,2 1 national astronomical observatories, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012, china 2 Applied Science and Technology College, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, china national astronomical observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Applied Science and Technology College Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin China

As a newly developed satellite positioning system, the chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) is a typical direct sequence spread spectrum ranging system like GPS. The positioning precision of such navigation signals depends on many factors, including the pseudo-code rate, the signal to noise ratio, the processing methods for tracking loops and so on. This paper describes the CAPS link budget, the solution approach for CAPS positioning, focusing on the autocorrelation function feature of C/A code signals. The CAPS signal measurement precision is studied by the software approach together with theoretical analysis of the range resolution. Because the conventional Delay Lock Loop (DLL) is vul- nerable to the impact of noise, a narrow correlator and multiple correlators as well as the corresponding discrimination methods of phases are proposed, which improves the robustness of DLL and the code-phase resolution of the measurement. The results show that the improvement of the DLL structure and the discrimination method are the most important way to improve the ranging resolution. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that a CAPS receiver could reach a 20-m positioning precision by using three satellites with a supported height from an altimeter.

关键词： satellite navigation receiver narrow correlation tracking loop

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Study of the primordial lithium abundance

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第S1期54卷 67-72页

作者： LI ZhiHong1, LI ErTao1, SU Jun1, LI YunJu1, BAI XiXiang1, GUO Bing1, WANG YouBao1, CHEN YongShou1, HOU SuQing1, ZENG Sheng1, LIAN Gang1, SHI JianRong2 & LIU WeiPing1 1 china Institute of Atomic Energy, beijing 102413, china 2national astronomical observatories, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012, china china Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing China (GRID:grid.410655.3) (ISNI:***) chinese academy of sciences National Astronomical Observatories Beijing China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***)

Lithium isotopes have attracted an intense interest because the abundance of both 6Li and 6Li from big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the puzzles in nuclear astrophysics. Many investigations of both astrophysical observation and nucleosynthesis calculation have been carried out to solve the puzzle, but it is not solved yet. Several nuclear reactions involving lithium have been indirectly measured at china Institute of Atomic Energy, beijing. The Standard BBN (SBBN) network calculations are then performed to investigate the primordial Lithium abundance. The result shows that these nuclear reactions have minimal effect on the SBBN abundances of 6Li and 7Li.

关键词： big bang nucleosynthesis element abundance nuclear reaction network

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Contradiction between strong lensing statistics and a feedback solution to the cusp/core problem

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第12期10卷 1215-1222页

作者： Stacy McGaugh Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege Park

Standard cosmology has many successes on large scales, but faces some fundamental difficulties on small, galactic scales. One such difficulty is the cusp/core problem. High resolution observations of the rotation curves for dark matter domi- nated low surface brightness （LSB） galaxies imply that galactic dark matter halos have a density profile with a flat central core, whereas N-body structure formation simula- tions predict a divergent （cuspy） density profile at the center. It has been proposed that this problem can be resolved by stellar feedback driving turbulent gas motion that erases the initial cusp. However, strong gravitational lensing prefers a cuspy density profile for galactic halos. In this paper, we use the most recent high resolution observations of the rotation curves of LSB galaxies to fit the core size as a function of halo mass, and compare the resultant lensing probability to the observational results for the well defined combined sample of the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey （CLASS） and Jodrell Bank/Very Large Array Astrometric Survey （JVAS）. The lensing probabilities based on such density profiles are too low to match the observed lensing in CLASS/JVAS. High baryon densities in the galaxies that dominate the lensing statis- tics can reconcile this discrepancy, but only if they steepen the mass profile rather than making it more shallow. This places contradictory demands upon the effects of baryons on the central mass profiles of galaxies.

关键词： cosmology: theory -- dark matter -- galaxies: halos -- gravitationallensing: strong

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Magnetic and Velocity Fields in Flare Regions

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天文研究与技术 1999年第S1期 175-181页

作者： Li Wei 1(beijing astronomical Observatory, The chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012,china) 2(national astronomical observatories, The chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012, china)

This paper reviews observations of the solar magnetic and velocity fields in active regions where flares produce. Our study includes (1) the relationship among the magnetic fields, Doppler velocity fields and flares; (2) the relationship between magnetic shear and flares; (3) the relationship among electric currents, electric helicity and flares; (4) the evidence for non-potential magnetic field.

关键词： Magnetic and Velocity Fields in Flare Regions

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A comparative analysis on two solar proton events

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 47-51页

作者： LE GuiMing1,2,3,4, HAN YanBen2 & ZHANG YiJun3 1 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 2 national astronomical observatories, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100012, china 3 chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 4 national Center for Space Weather, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

This paper presents a comparative analysis on the two Solar Proton Events (SPE), which occurred on 14 July 2000 (Bastille Day) and 28 October 2003 (28OCT03) respectively. It is found that although the peak flux of the latter seemed to be greater than that of the former based on geostationary observations, the maximum intensities of the energetic protons (>10 MeV and 30 MeV) during the Bastille Day event were all higher than those of the 28OCT03 event according to the interplanetary observations. Further analysis indicated that the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energies exceeding 10 and 30 MeV by the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)-driven shock on 14 July 2000, was far larger than that of the 28OCT03 event. In the Bastille Day case, when the CME approached to the height around 14 R⊙, the CME-driven shock would reach its maximum capacity in accelerating the solar en- ergetic protons (>100 MeV). In contrast, on 28 October 2003, when CME approached to the height about 58R⊙, the CME-driven shock reached its highest potential in accelerating the solar energetic protons of the same category. At this moment, the peak flux (>100 MeV) was about 155 pfu, which was much lower than 355 pfu measured on 14 July 2000. This demonstrated that in the Bastille Day event, the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energy beyond 100 MeV, was significantly larger than its counterpart in the 28OCT03 case. Therefore, the peak flux of an SPE event depends not only on the interplanetary intensity of the solar energetic particles, but also on the velocity of the associated CME-driven shock, and the quantity of the seed particles as well as on the interplanetary magnetic en- vironment. This paper also reveals that the magnetic sheath associated with ICME on 28 October 2003 captured a large number of solar energetic protons, including those having energy greater than 100 MeV.

关键词：太阳质子 CME 太阳耀斑太阳系

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