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Validation and correction of sea surface salinity retrieval from SMAP

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第3期39卷 148-158页

作者： Sisi Qin Hui Wang Jiang zhu Liying Wan Yu Zhang Haoyun Wang National Meteorological center Beijing 100081China Numerical Weather Prediction center of china Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterBeijing 100081China international center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.

关键词： sea surface salinity(SSS) soil moisture active passive(SMAP) soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) validation correction

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A Reconstructed Wind Stress Dataset for Climate research over the Tropical Pacific during a 153-Year Period

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2009年第5期2卷 277-283页

作者： Zheng Fei Du Juan zhu Jiang international center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer physics and atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

There are close relationships between the sea surface temperature (SST) and the surface wind over the tropical *** study the past climate variability over the tropical Pacific,the long-term monthly wind stress anomalies over the tropical Pacific for the period of 1856–2008 are reconstructed with an SVD (singular value decomposition)-based statistical atmospheric model,where the wind stress anomalies are slave and directly correspond to the SST *** verification results show that the reconstructed wind stress data have high correlations and a small root mean square (RMS) error with the three reanalysis/simulated surface wind datasets from the last 50 *** addition,the simulated SST anomalies from an intermediate oceanic model (IOM),which is forced by the reconstructed wind stress,can simulate the realistic interannual and decadal variability of the ENSO (El Nio-Southern Oscillation);this indicates that this new long-term wind stress dataset is useful for various climate studies,especially for the large-scale interannual and decadal variability.

关键词： reconstructed wind stress statistical atmospheric model ENSO

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Projections of Wind Changes for 21st Century in china by Three Regional Climate Models

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chinese Geographical Science 2010年第3期20卷 226-235页

作者： JIANG Ying Luo Yong ZHAO Zongci SHI Ying XU Yinlong zhu Jinhong National Climate center of china Beijing 100081 China center for Wind and Solar Energy Resources Assessment China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Illinois State Water Survey Department of Natural Resources University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign Illinois 61820 USA

This paper examines the capability of three regional climate models (RCMs), i.e., RegCM3 (the international Centre for Theoretical physics Regional Climate Model), PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) and CMM5 (the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-the National center for atmospheric research of USA, NCAR Mesoscale Model) to simulate the near-surface-layer winds (10 m above surface) all over china in the late 20th century. Results suggest that like global climate models (GCMs), these RCMs have the certain capability of imitating the distribution of mean wind speed and fail to simulate the greatly weakening wind trends for the past 50 years in the country. However, RCMs especially RegCM3 have the better capability than that of GCMs to simulate the distribution and change feature of mean wind speed. In view of their merits, these RCMs were used to project the variability of near-surface-layer winds over china for the 21st century. The results show that 1) summer mean wind speed for 2020-2029 will be lower compared to those in 1990-1999 in most area of china; 2) annual and winter mean wind speed for 2081-2100 will be lower than those of 1971-1990 in the whole china; and 3) the changes of summer mean wind speed for 2081-2100 are uncertain. As a result, although climate models are absolutely necessary for projecting climate change to come, there are great uncertainties in projections, especially for wind speed, and these issues need to be further explored.

关键词： wind speed projection regional climate model global climate model

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Predicting Western Pacific Subtropical High Using a Combined Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Forecast

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013年第6期6卷 405-409页

作者： WANG Li-Wei ZHENG Fei zhu Jiang international center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sci-ences Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences beijing institute of Applied Meteorology

Weather and climate in East china are closely related to the variability of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH), which is an important part of the Asian monsoon system. The WPSH prediction in spring and summer is a critical component of rainfall forecasting during the summer flood season in china. Although many attempts have been made to predict WPSH variability, its predictability remains limited in practice due to the complexity of the WPSH evolution. Many studies have indicated that the sea surface temperature(SST) over the tropical Indian Ocean has a significant effect on WPSH variability. In this paper, a statistical model is developed to forecast the monthly variation in the WPSH during the spring and summer seasons on the basis of its relationship with SST over the tropical Indian Ocean. The forecasted SST over the tropical Indian Ocean is the predictor in this model, which differs significantly from other WPSH prediction methods. A 26-year independent hindcast experiment from 1983 to 2008 is conducted and validated in which the WPSH prediction driven by the combined forecasted SST is compared with that driven by the persisted SST. Results indicate that the skill score of the WPSH prediction driven by the combined forecasted SST is substantial.

关键词： western Pacific subtropical high SST tropical Indian Ocean statistical prediction

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Extreme spring cold spells in North china during 1961–2014 and the evolving processes

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2018年第5期11卷 432-437页

作者： Ya-Li zhu Hui-Jun WANG Tao WANG Dong GUO nansen-zhu international research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Climate Change research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study presents the major features of extreme spring cold spells(ESCS)in North china during 1961–2014 and the evolving *** an ESCS,northern Eurasia is controlled by large-scale positive SLP anomalies and an anomalous anticyclone that continuously transport northern cold air to North china,causing significant,persistent,lower-than-normal daily *** fact,these positive SLP and anticyclonic wind anomalies begin to appear over northwestern Europe about 10 days prior to the *** anticyclonic wind anomalies keep moving southeastward and expand to the west of Lake Baikal until two days before the ***,the center of the anomalous low-level anticyclone moves over Lake Baikal,inducing northerly wind anomalies that transport cold air into North *** the following days,as the positive SLP anomalies weaken,the anomalous anticyclone and related northerly winds appear to wane,and the ESCS gradually comes to an *** results may prove meaningful for the prediction and early warning of ESCSs.

关键词： Spring cold spell North china spring temperature extreme weather

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Recent observations and research progresses of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes during thunderstorms

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Science china Earth sciences 2023年第3期66卷 435-455页

作者： Fanchao LYU Yijun ZHANG Gaopeng LU Baoyou zhu Hongbo ZHANG Wei XU Shaolin XIONG Weitao LYU Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of china Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of atmospheric sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200441China School of Earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China Electronic Information School Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs)are high-energy emissions in thunderstorms that were discovered first by satellite-based and then by ground-based gamma-ray detectors with photon energy up to tens of Me *** are a natural highenergy phenomenon associated with lightning discharges that frequently occur during ***,their production mechanisms and associated processes are still *** studies have already been a research spotlight in the atmospheric electricity and high-energy atmosphere research *** this paper,we review recent research progresses on TGF studies in the past decade,including TGF detection,the relationship between TGFs and lightning processes,and thunderstorm *** unsolved important scientific questions are *** suggest that upward TGFs observed by satellite-based detectors are closely connected with the development of in-cloud upward negative *** are usually generated in milliseconds of the initiation of upward negative leaders and may produce a kind of distinct radio emissions because of the generation and propagation of huge amounts of high-energy *** contrast,its counterpart,i.e.,downward TGFs observed by ground-based gamma-ray detectors,is associated with different types of lightning processes,such as downward negative or upward positive leaders,the initial continuing current stage of rocket-triggered lightning flashes return stroke *** of limited observations,how these downward TGFs are generated is still *** from the development of state-of-the-art instruments with high temporal and spatial resolutions,new insights into the processes and mechanisms of TGFs will be achieved with coordinated observations from satellite-based and ground-based measurements.

关键词： Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs) Lightning Thunderstorm High-energy emissions Radio emission detection

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Performances of six reanalysis profile products in the atmospheric correction of passive microwave data for estimating land surface temperature under cloudy-sky conditions

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 296-322页

作者： Xin-Ming zhu Xiao-Ning Song Pei Leng Fang-Cheng Zhou Liang Gao Da Guo College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture//Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China National Satellite Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijingPeople’s Republic of China

Passive microwave(PMW)observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 provide a way to obtain cloudy land surface temperatures(LSTs).However,atmospheric corrections must be performed on cloudy LSTs due to the cloud effect at higher *** this paper,six reanalyzed profiles,including the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis(ERA5),Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim),Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Data(JRA-55),Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for research and Application V2(MERRA2),National centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/Final Operational Global Analysis(FNL),and NCEP/Global Forecasting System(GFS),were compared with 2829 radiosonde profiles derived from the University of ***,their performances in correcting the atmospheric effects of LSTs at cloudy skies were *** showed that the ERA5 had the best accuracy in revealing the actual atmospheric conditions,and the RMSEs of transmittance,downward radiance,and upward radiance were about 0.007,2.01,and 1.89 K,*** RMSEs between the estimated LSTs and referenced LSTs varied from 3.15 K of the ERA5 to 6.12 K of the NCEP/FNL,indicating the ERA5 can be recommended for the atmospheric correction of PMW-based LST ***,transmittance accuracy plays an essential role in impacting the LST retrievals in any weather.

关键词： Reanalysis product land surface temperature atmospheric correction AMSR2 evaluation

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Bias Analysis in the Simulation of the Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Characteristics by Two High-Resolution Global atmospheric Models

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2023年第4期40卷 634-652页

作者： Qiyang LIU Fengxue QIAO Yongqiang YU Yiting zhu Shuwen ZHAO Yujia LIU Fulin JIANG Xinyu HU Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Ministry of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Geographic sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Climate Environment and Sustainability CenterSchool of Atmospheric ScienceNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Department of atmospheric and Ocean sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

This study compares the atmosphere-only HighResMIP simulations from FGOALS-f3-H(FGOALS)and MRIAGCM3-2-S(MRI)with respect to tropical cyclone(TC)characteristics over the Western North Pacific(WNP)for the July-October months of *** focus is on investigating the role of the tropical easterly jet over the Western Pacific(WP_TEJ)in modulating the simulation biases in terms of their climatological distribution and interannual variability of WNP TC genesis frequency(TCGF)based on the analysis of the genesis potential index(GPI).Results show that the two models reasonably capture the main TC genesis location,the maximum center of frequency,and track density;however,their biases mainly lie in simulating the intense TCs and TCGF *** MRI better simulates the windpressure relationship(WPR)but overestimates the proportion of super typhoons(SSTYs).At the same time,FGOALS underestimates the WPR and the proportion of SSTYs but better simulates the total WNP TC *** particular,FGOALS overestimates the TCGF in the northeastern WNP,which is strongly tied to an overestimated WP_TEJ and the enhanced vertical circulation to the north of its entrance *** contrast,the MRI simulates a weaker WP_TEJ and vertical circulation,leading to a negative TCGF bias in most of the *** models exhibit comparable capability in simulating the interannual variability of WP_TEJ intensity,but the composite difference of large-scale atmospheric factors between strong and weak WP_TEJ years is overestimated,resulting in larger interannual anomalies of WNP TCGF,especially for ***,accurate simulations of the WP_TEJ and the associated oceanic and atmospheric factors are crucial to further improving WNP TC simulations for both models.

关键词： tropical cyclone genesis HighResMIP tropical easterly jet

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The early-warning effects of assimilation of the observations over the large-scale slope of the “World Roof” on its downstream weather forecasting

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第4期54卷 706-710页

作者： PENG ShiQiu XU XiangDe SHI XiaoHui WANG DongXiao zhu YuXiang PU JingJiao Department of Marine Earth & Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8208 USA State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sci- ences Guangzhou 510301 China Training Centre of china Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Guangzhou institute of Tropical and-Marine Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Guangzhou 510080 China Zhejiang institute of Meteorological sciences Hangzhou 310017 China

To improve the numerical simulation of the severe snow storms occurred in the south of china and the middle/lower reaches of Changjiang River during January of 2008, the observations from the automatic weather stations (AWS) over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and its surrounding areas were assimi-lated into the Weather research and Forecasts (WRF) model using multi-cycle 3-dimensional varia-tional data assimilation (3DVAR). Due to the large-scale special topography of the QXP and its sur-rounding areas which may reach up to the mid-troposphere, the AWS located at different height on the deep slope of the plateau are different to those located on plains and take a role analogous in some extent to that of radio soundings in obtaining the vertical "profile" information of the atmosphere, and have the advantages in the aspects of sampling frequency, location/height fixing, and synchronization. The information captured by these AWS may carry the early-warning "strong signals" in the upstream sensitive area for the downstream weather systems to the east of the plateau and thus the assimilation of these AWS data is expected to lead to significant improvements on the simulation of the severe weather system occurred in its downstream areas through adjusting the 3-dimensional structures of the atmospheric thermal-dynamics for the initial conditions of the model. This study indicates that the assimilated information of moisture, temperature and pressure carried in the observations of AWS over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding areas is very important and useful in the forecasting of precipitation in its downstream areas.

关键词：雪暴数字模拟青海-西藏高原温度压力降水量

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Evaluation of the New Dynamic Global Vegetation Model in CAS-ESM

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2018年第6期35卷 659-670页

作者： Jiawen zhu Xiaodong ZENG Minghua ZHANG Yongjiu DAI Duoying JI Fang LI Qian ZHANG He ZHANG Xiang SONG international center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Marine and atmospheric sciences Stony Brook University School of atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-Sen University College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

In the past several decades, dynamic global vegetation models（DGVMs） have been the most widely used and appropriate tool at the global scale to investigate vegetation-climate interactions. At the institute of atmospheric physics, a new version of DGVM（IAP-DGVM） has been developed and coupled to the Common Land Model（CoLM） within the framework of the chinese academy of sciences＇ Earth System Model（CAS-ESM）. This work reports the performance of IAP-DGVM through comparisons with that of the default DGVM of CoLM（CoLM-DGVM） and observations. With respect to CoLMDGVM, IAP-DGVM simulated fewer tropical trees, more ＂needleleaf evergreen boreal tree＂ and ＂broadleaf deciduous boreal shrub＂, and a better representation of grasses. These contributed to a more realistic vegetation distribution in IAP-DGVM,including spatial patterns, total areas, and compositions. Moreover, IAP-DGVM also produced more accurate carbon fluxes than CoLM-DGVM when compared with observational estimates. Gross primary productivity and net primary production in IAP-DGVM were in better agreement with observations than those of CoLM-DGVM, and the tropical pattern of fire carbon emissions in IAP-DGVM was much more consistent with the observation than that in CoLM-DGVM. The leaf area index simulated by IAP-DGVM was closer to the observation than that of CoLM-DGVM; however, both simulated values about twice as large as in the observation. This evaluation provides valuable information for the application of CAS-ESM, as well as for other model communities in terms of a comparative benchmark.

关键词： vegetation dynamics dynamic global vegetation model vegetation distribution carbon flux leaf area index

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