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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 900-911页

作者： GUAN Shuwei1,2, WANG Xin2, YANG Shufeng2, HE Dengfa1 & ZHAO Weidong3 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, china 2. Department of Geosciences, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china 3. Tarim oilfield Company, Korla 841000, china Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China Department of Geosciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Tarim oilfield Company Korla 841000 China

This paper presents two conceptual models of displacement transfer, reverse sym- metry model and infinitely equal division model, based on the fault-bend folding theory. If the fault shape is held constant in the trend, then the distribution of slip magnitude, geometry of imbricate structures and its axial surface map all display reverse symmetry on the process of displacement transfer, as called reverse symmetry model in this paper. However, if the ramp height of thrust fault decreases gradually along its strike, the displacement is postulated to be equally and infinitely divided to every thrust that is formed subsequently, this kinematic process is described using infinitely equal division model. In both models, displacement transfer is characterized by the regular changes of imbricate thrusting in the trend. Geometric analysis indicates that the displacement transfer grads can be estimated using the tangent of deflective angle of hinterland structures. Displacement transfer is often responsible for the distortion and branching of the surface anticlines, especially in the region where the multi-level detachment structures is developed. We also present some examples from the frontal structures of the Southern Tianshan fold-and-thrust belt, Xinjiang, china. Displacement transfer between deep imbricate thrusts in the middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone causes the Kuqatawu and Southern Qiulitag deep an- ticlines left-lateral echelon. The region, where these two deep anticlines overlap, is characterized by duplex structures, and extends about 18 km. The shallow anticline is migrated southward displaying obvious “S” form in this area.

关键词： displacement transfer fault-bend folding reverse symmetry model infinitely equal division model Qiulitag zone.

Complex petroleum accumulating process and accumulation series in the buried-hill trend in the rift basin:An example of Xinglongtai structure trend,liaohe subbasin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 108-116页

作者： GAO XianZhi1,PANG XiongQi1,LI XiaoGuang2,CHEN ZhenYan2,SHAN JunFeng2,LIU Feng1,ZOU ZhiWen1 & Li WeiLian1 1 Faculty of Resources and Information Technology,china university of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 Exploration and Development Institute of liaohe oilfield,Petrochina liaohe Oil Company,panjin 124010,china china Univ Petr Fac Resources & Informat Technol Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina liaohe Oil Co Explorat & Dev Inst Liaohe Oilfield Panjin 124010 Peoples R China

The buried-hill trend is a typical style of the petroliferous structure in the faulted basin of eastern china. The Xinglongtai structure trend in the liaohe subbasin,Bohai Bay Basin is a buried faulted-hill trend resulting from the periodic faulting of the Tai’an-Dawa faults. The structure was cut by various faults,which are interlinked and constitute the conduits for petroleum migration. Petroleum accumulated in the Tertiary sandstones and pre-Tertiary basement of metamorphosed rocks through the migration pathways of the fault system. Petroleum in the structure was derived from different hydrocarbon kitchens to form a hybrid field complex. Petroleum charged the structure from different directions and accumulated in various reservoirs through different pathways in different times. The accumulations in the buried hill trend of Xingongtai are composed of two types of traps in the two stratigraphic systems: traps in the Tertiary sandstones were formed by the fault blocks and by the pinchout of the sandstone,and traps in the pre-Tertiary basement of metamorphosed rocks were formed by fissures in the inner part of the buried hills and by the unconformity near the surface of the buried hills.

关键词： faulted basin petroleum migration and accumulation petroleum occurrence buried hills Achaean basement liaohe subbasin Bohai Bay basin

Formation mechanisms of heavy oils in the liaohe Western Depression,Bohai Gulf Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 156-169页

作者： LI SuMei1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU KeYu3,GAO XianZhi1,2,LI XiaoGuang4,CHEN ZhenYan4 & LIU BaoHong41 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of Petroleam,Beijing 102249,china 2 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 3 CSIRO Petroleum,P.O. Box 1130,Bentley WA 6102,Australia 4 liaohe oilfield Co. Ltd,Petrochina,panjin 124010,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleam Beijing 102249 China2. Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China3. CSIRO Petroleum P.O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia4. Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

The liaohe oilfield in the liaohe Western Depression of the Bohai Gulf Basin is the third-largest oil producing province and the largest heavy oil producing oilfield in china. A total of 65 oil samples,35 rock samples and 36 reservoir sandstone samples were collected and analyzed utilizing conventional geochemical and biogeochemical approaches to unravel the mechanisms of the formation of the heavy oils. Investigation of the oils with the lowest maturity compared with the oils in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo oilfields indicates no apparent relation between the maturity and physical properties of the heavy oils. It is suggested that the heavy oil with primary origin is not likely the main mechanism re-sponsible for the majority of the heavy oils in the liaohe Western Slope. The absence and/or depletion of n-alkanes etc.,with relatively low molecular weight and the occurrence of 25-norhopane series in the heavy oils as well as the relatively high acidity of the oils all suggest that the majority of the heavy oils once experienced secondary alteration. The fingerprints of the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) of the inner adsorbed hydrocarbons on the reservoir grains and the included hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions are similar to that of the normal oils in the area but are different from the outer adsorbed and reser-voired free oils at present,further indicating that most of the heavy oils are secondary in origin. Analyses of bacteria (microbes) in 7 oil samples indicate that anaerobic and hyperthermophilic Ar-chaeoglobus sp. are the dominant microbes relevant to oil biodegradation,which coincides with the shallow commercial gas reservoirs containing anaerobic bacteria derived gas in the Gaosheng and Leijia teotonic belts. The biodegradation most likely occurs at the water/oil interface,where the forma-tion water is essential for microbe removal and nutrient transportation. We think that biodegradation,water washing and oxidization are interrelated and are the main mech

关键词： heavy oil liaohe Western Depression biodegradation water washing formation mechanism

Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2 ,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2 ,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,zhejiang university,hangzhou 310027,china 2 Langfang Branch,Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina Changqing oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 4 university of Petroleum,Beijing102249,china 5 Petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,china 1. Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China2. Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China3. Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021 China4. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 ),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12C,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

Transition from platemargin to intraplate environment: Geochemistry of basalts in Paleogene liaohe basin, northeastern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2069-2080页

作者： WU Changzhi1, GU Lianxing1, REN Zuowei1,2, ZHANG Zunzhong1, CHEN Zhenyan2 & ZHAO Ming1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research (Nanjing university), Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, china 2. Exploration and Development Research Institute of liaohe oilfield Branch Company, Petrochina, panjin 124010, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research (Nanjing university) Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing China 2. Exploration and Development Research Institute of liaohe oilfield Branch Company PetroChina 124010 Panjin China

Paleogene basalts from the liaohe basin, northeastern china, are dominated by alkaline olivine basalts and olivine basalts. These basalts are generally enriched in high field strength elements (HFSE), depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and comparable to those of typical ocean island basalts (OIB). Positive anomalies of Ba, Sr and Zr with high Nb/U, U/Pb, Ce/Pb and Zr/Hf ratios imply that materials from an oceanic crust had been added to the mantle sources of the basalts. In addition, the basalts are generally depleted in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, indicating that an enriched mantle (EMI) and a depleted mantle (DM) sources were added to the OIB-like resource. Comprehensive research on lithosphere evolution and tectonic setting of the liaohe basin and surrounding areas suggests that these basalts were derived by variable degrees of partial melt-ing from an upwelling asthenosphere mantle. Materials from an oceanic lithosphere were added to the source in company with Paleogene tectonic transition from platemargin to intraplate envi-ronment. Retreating and steepening of the subducting Pacific oceanic plate could be the main cause for the tectonic environment transition.

关键词： geochemistry, basalt, Paleogene, liaohe basin, North china Block, eastern china.

Research on the dynamics of the South china Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South china Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, china 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 510240, china 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, liaohe oilfield Petrochina, panjin 124010, china 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 3. Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou 510240 China 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South china Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32 to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South china Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South china Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South china Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South china Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South china Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： South china Sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

Calculation of depth to detachment and its significance in the Kuqa Depression:A discussion

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Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 17-20页

作者： Li Shiqin Feng Lei Tang Pengcheng Rao Gang Bao Yahong Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 840000 China Archives of Tarim oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 840000 China

We analyze the excess area and depth to detachment method developed by Epard and Groshong （1993）, and apply it to the sand box model of Ge et al （2004） to illustrate that inadequate consideration will affect the calculation of true depth to detachment. Using the data of Yu et al （2006） to fit linear regression lines, we obtain the depths to detachment of Kela-2, Misikantage anticline and Dongqiu-8 structures, 115.74km, 14.17km, and 75.48km below the reference level （Cretaceous bottom） respectively with the excess area intercept equal to zero. However, the calculation results of depth to detachment in Yu et al （2006） are based on excess area intercept unequal to zero.

关键词： Excess area depth to detachment Kuqa Depression

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限定井眼方向待钻轨道设计的代数法

西南石油大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第5期31卷 158-162页

作者：鲁港中国石油辽河油田公司勘探开发研究院辽宁盘锦124010

限定了井眼方向的待钻井眼轨道设计问题需要求解一个7元非线性方程组,通常使用的数值迭代方法有许多固有的缺点,提出了一个新方法──代数法:将原始非线性方程组化简成一个三元多项式方程组,再进一步归结为求一个10次多项式方程全部正... 详细信息

限定了井眼方向的待钻井眼轨道设计问题需要求解一个7元非线性方程组,通常使用的数值迭代方法有许多固有的缺点,提出了一个新方法──代数法:将原始非线性方程组化简成一个三元多项式方程组,再进一步归结为求一个10次多项式方程全部正实数解问题和一个二元线性代数方程组问题。给出了代数法的计算机实现方法,具有计算速度快、数值稳定性好、存储需求小等特点。代数法具有与解析法相近的良好数学性质,能够对问题是否有解做出事前判断;在问题存在多个解的情况下,能够正确求出全部的解。所使用的数学化简技巧能够推广应用到求解定向井、水平井的井眼轨道设计问题中,有重要的理论价值和应用前景。

关键词：圆弧井眼轨道钻井设计代数方程数学机械化

Application of an analytic hierarchy process to hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient estimation

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Petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 337-346页

作者： Gao Yongjin Liu Lifeng Liu Huimin Zheng Feifei Wu Li Zhou Jingjing Qu Dongfang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Geoscience Research Institute Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC Dongying 257061 China Laboratory of Integrated Geology and Geophysics Research China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient is a key parameter in resources evaluation by genetic techniques. Methods of obtaining its value scientifically have always been an important factor influencing evaluation credibility. In this paper, the hydrocarbon accumulation system is evaluated quantitatively by establishing a hierarchy structure model based on an analytical hierarchy process. The hydrocarbon accumulation system of a higher exploration degree is selected as a calibration area and its hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient can be calculated using methods of hydrocarbon generation potential and reservoir-scale sequence. The hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient of a petroleum accumulation system can be gained by analogy of reservoir forming comprehensive evaluation results with the calibration area. The hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient of each petroleum accumulation system in the upper reservoir-forming combination of the liaohe Western Sag can be obtained with this method. Practice shows that using the analytical hierarchy process to quantitatively evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation system and then quantitatively predict the hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient decreases the influence of human factors in resources evaluation, and makes the resources assessment more objective and closer to the actual geological condition.

关键词： Hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient analytical hierarchy process hydrocarbon resourceevaluation hydrocarbon accumulation system liaohe Western Sag