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Genetic types and distribution of shallow-buried natural gases

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petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 347-354页

作者： Gao Yang Jin Qiang Zhu Guangyou College of Geo-resources and Information China University of Petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China petroleum exploration and development institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

Great volumes of shallow-buried （〈2,000 m） natural gases which are mainly composed of biogases and low-mature gases have been found in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins in china. Many shallow gas reservoirs in china are characterized by coexistence of biogas and low-mature gas, so identifying the genetic types of shallow gases is important for exploration and development in sedimentary basins. In this paper, we study the gas geochemistry characteristics and distribution in different basins, and classify the shallow gas into two genetic types, biogas and low-mature gas. The biogases are subdivided further into two subtypes by their sources, the source rock-derived biogas and hydrocarbon-derived biogas. Based on the burial history of the source rocks, the source rock-derived biogases are divided into primary and secondary biogas. The former is generated from the source rocks in the primary burial stage, and the latter is from uplifted source rocks or those in a secondary burial stage. In addition, the identifying parameters of each type of shallow gas are given. Based on the analysis above, the distributions of each type of shallow gas are studied. The primary biogases generated from source rocks are mostly distributed in Quaternary basins or modem deltas. Most of them migrate in watersoluble or diffused mode, and their migration distance is short. Reservoir and caprock assemblages play an important role in primary biogas accumulation. The secondary biogases are distributed in a basin with secondary burial history. The oil-degraded biogases are distributed near heavy oil pools. The low-mature gases are widely distributed in shallow-buried reservoirs in the Meso-Cenozoic basins.

关键词： Primary biogas secondary biogas oil-degraded biogas low-mature gas genetic type gas identification gas accumulation distribution

A Study of Sedimentary Environment and Reservoir Quality of the Carboniferous Donghe Sandstonein the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1996年第4期70卷 395-406,454页

作者： Gu JiayuResearch institute of petroleum exploration and development, Beijing Research institute of petroleum exploration and development Beijing

Very thick, fine-grained quartzose sandstone of the Lower Carboniferous (called the Donghe sandstone) was discovered in Donghe-1 well in the Tarim basin. Highly-productive commercial oil and gas flows were obtained when a well completion test was conducted. This important discovery proved that the quartzose sandstone is a prospecting target with good prospects. After that, other two paying oil and gas flows were found in the Lower Carboniferous in the Tazhong-4 and Tazhong-10 structures (Tazhong means central Tarim), equivalent to the Donghe sandstone. The Tazhong-4 structural oil field is the biggest oil field ever discovered. Therefore it is of guiding importance in oil and gas exploration to deepen the study of sedimentary and reservoir features and the sedimentary environment of the Donghe sandstone and to build a sedimentary model in order to understand the reservoir distribution pattern.

关键词： Donghe sandstone sedimentary facies sedimentary model tempestite pore type dissolved pore

Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3 & XU Daoyi4 1. Research institute of petroleum exploration and development, Beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 3. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 4. institute of Geology, china Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, china 1. Research institute of petroleum exploration and development 100083 Beijing China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of petrochina 100083 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

Geological analysis and physical modeling of structural pumping in high effective formation of Kela 2 gas field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1070-1078页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Hongjun1, SHAN Jiazeng2, WANG Zecheng1 & XU Dafeng1 1. Research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 1. Research institute of petroleum exploration and development Petrochina Beijing 100083 China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In a 3-D closed geological body, in case “structural expanding” inside is induced by stress, it can produce the pressure difference between the expanding cell and surrounding rock, then generate a pumping force directed toward the cell and accelerate the directional flow of fluid in the strata. The structural style and conditions of gas reservoir-formation in the Kuqa depression are favorable to the structural pumping. According to similarity principle, a physical modeling of structure formation and gas filling process of the Kela 2 gas field has justified the occurrence of structural pumping and its important role in gas-reservoir formation with high efficiency under the compressive and well-sealed circumstance. Therefore, authors propose that structural pumping is an important mechanism of gas reservoir-formation with high efficiency in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： Kela 2 gas field, structural pumping, gas-reservoir formation mechanism, high efficiency,physical modeling.

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中国煤层气钻井完井技术发展现状及发展方向

石油学报 2002年第3期23卷 81-85页

作者：郑毅黄洪春中国石油天然气集团公司市场管理部北京100724 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院完井研究所河北廊坊065007

对 10多年来我国煤层气钻井完井技术状况进行了回顾 ,结合美国煤层气开发成功的技术和研究成果 ,从钻井完井工程的角度分析了我国现有技术存在的问题和制约煤层气开发效果的主要因素。提出了在我国煤层低压、特低渗透、气饱和等特殊物... 详细信息

对 10多年来我国煤层气钻井完井技术状况进行了回顾 ,结合美国煤层气开发成功的技术和研究成果 ,从钻井完井工程的角度分析了我国现有技术存在的问题和制约煤层气开发效果的主要因素。提出了在我国煤层低压、特低渗透、气饱和等特殊物性条件下钻井完井过程中的技术难点、解决问题的思路和应采取的技术措施。

关键词：中国煤层气钻井完井技术发展现状发展方向对策

Geochemical characteristics and source rock of Ordovician gas reservoir, Changqing Gasfield

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第20期44卷 1917-1920页

作者： XIA Xinyu, ZHAO Lin, ZHANG Wenzheng and LI JianfengResearch institute of petroleum exploration and development, Beijing 100083, china Changqing petroleum exploration Bureau, XL an 710021 , china Research institute of petroleum exploration and development Beijing China Changqing petroleum exploration Bureau Xi’an China

Carbon isotopic composition of methane in Ordovician gas reservoir in the Changqing Gasfield can reflect the dominance of Upper Paleozoic coal-type gas despite its high mature degree. The 12C-rich ethane in the Ordovician reservoir (δ13C2 29‰), known as a marker as oil-type gas, does not indicate the Ordovician marine carbonate as main source rock, it is be-

关键词： methane ethane carbon isotope natural gas genesis. Changqing Gasfield.

Efficient computation of the compositional model for gas condensate reservoirs

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 2000年第4期5卷 141-146页

作者： Jifu ZHOU, Jiachun LI and Jigen YE (institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china The Research institute of petroleum exploration and development, Beijing 100083, china) (Received December 2, 2000) institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Res. Inst. Petrol. Explor./Devmt. Beijing 100083 China

In this paper, a direct method, unsymmetric-pattern multifrontal factorization, for a large sparse system of linear equations is applied in the compositional reservoir model. The good performances of this approach are shown by solving the Poisson equation. And then the numerical module is embedded in the compositional model for simulating X15(3) gas condensate reservoir in KeKeYa gas field, Northwest china. The results of oil/gas reserves, variations of stratum pressure and oil/gas production, etc. are compared with the observation Good agreement comparable to COMP4 model is achieved, suggesting that the present model is both efficient and powerful in compositional reservoir simulations.

关键词： gas condensate reservoir compositional model sparse matrix

Primary migration and secondary alteration of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in Ordos Basin,china―Application of fluid inclusion gases

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 165-173页

作者： GONG Se 1,2 ,PENG PingAn 1 ,SHUAI YanHua 3 ,DAI JinXing 3 &ZHANG WenZheng 4 1 Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2 Common Wealth Scientific and Research Organization,petroleum Resources,PO Box 136,North Ryde,New South Wales,1670,Australia 3 Research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 4 Research institute of exploration and development,Changqing petroleum Corporation,Xi’an 710021,china Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Common Wealth Scientific and Research Organization Petroleum Resources PO Box 136 North Ryde New South Wales 1670 Australia Research institute

The composition of fluid inclusions(FI)often represents the initial geochemical characteristics of palaeo-fluid in reservoir *** on composition and carbon isotopic composition of gas during primary migration,reservoir-forming and subsequent secondary alterations are discussed through comparing fluid inclusion gas with coal-formed gas and natural gas in present gas reservoirs in the Ordos *** results show that primary migration of gas has significant effect on the molecular but not on the carbon isotopic composition of *** and diffusion fractionation took place during the secondary migration of gas in Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir according to carbon isotopic composition of methane in *** and carbon isotopic composition of natural gas were nearly unchanged after the gas reservoir forming through comparing the FI gases with the natural gas in present gas reservoir.

关键词： secondary alteration fluid inclusion carbon isotope Ordos Basin

鄂尔多斯盆地白豹—华池地区延长组长6油层组沉积环境及成岩相分析

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天然气地球科学 2011年第5期22卷 796-806页

作者：王岚邹才能林潼刘伟中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院河北廊坊065007

根据测井、岩心等资料综合分析恢复鄂尔多斯盆地白豹—华池地区的沉积环境,利用薄片资料分析储层物性特征及成岩相类型和分布。并在此基础上讨论沉积环境与成岩相的关系。研究认为研究区长6期发育河道型浅水三角洲前缘和与之伴生的深水... 详细信息

根据测井、岩心等资料综合分析恢复鄂尔多斯盆地白豹—华池地区的沉积环境,利用薄片资料分析储层物性特征及成岩相类型和分布。并在此基础上讨论沉积环境与成岩相的关系。研究认为研究区长6期发育河道型浅水三角洲前缘和与之伴生的深水滑塌成因重力流沉积,其中水下分流河道微相及深水砂质碎屑流沉积是砂体主要成因单元。储集砂体主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,物性较差,属于中低孔特低渗储层。储集空间是原生粒间孔、次生溶蚀孔和少量裂缝的组合。压实作用、溶解作用及胶结作用是影响储层物性的主要成岩作用。不同沉积单元砂体的成岩作用和物性不尽相同,其中三角洲前缘水下分流河道主要以弱压实—绿泥石胶结相为主,深水砂岩主要以长石溶蚀相为主,两者结合部位发育绿泥石胶结—长石溶蚀相,均为有利成岩相带。成岩相研究与沉积环境分析相结合能够更好地预测有利储层的分布。

关键词：鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组沉积环境成岩相低渗透储层