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Numerical study of the auroral particle transport in the polar upper atmosphere

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1759-1771页

作者： CAI HongTao1,2, MA ShuYing1,2 & PU ZuYin3 1 School of Electronic Information, wuhan University, wuhan 43.079, china 2 key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy, ministry of education of prc, wuhan 43.079, china 3 School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, china School of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan China key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy Ministry of Education of PRC Wuhan China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing China

Starting from the Boltzmann equation and with some reasonable assumptions, a one-dimensional transport equation of charged energetic particles is derived by taking account of major interactions with neutral species in the upper atmosphere, including the processes of elastic scattering, the excitation, the ionization and the secondary electron production. The transport equation is numerically solved, for a simplified atmosphere consisting only of nitrogen molecules (N2), to obtain the variations of incident electron fluxes as a function of altitude, energy and pitch angle. The model results can describe fairly the transport characteristics of pre-cipitating auroral electron spectra in the polar upper atmosphere; meanwhile the N2 ionization rates calculated from the modeled differential flux spectra also exhibit good agreements with existing empirical models in terms of several key parameters. Taking the energy flux spectra of precipitating electrons observed by FAST satellite flying over EISCAT site on May 15, 1997 as model inputs, the model-calculated ionization rate profile of neutral atmosphere consists reasonably with that recon-structed from electron density measurements by the radar.

关键词： aurora particle precipitation polar upper atmosphere electron transport equation numerical simulation

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A numerical study on nonlinear propagation and short-term variability of the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第17期50卷 1940-1948页

作者： HUANG Chunming1,2, ZHANG Shaodong1,2 & YI Fan1,2 1. School of Electronic Information, wuhan Universiy, wuhan 43.079, china 2. key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy, ministry of education, wuhan University, wuhan 43.079, china School of Electronic Information Wuhan Universiy Wuhan China key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy Ministry of Education Wuhan University Wuhan China

By using a three-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical model in spherical coordinates and taking the linear steady solutions of the migrating diurnal and semidi-urnal tides in January from the Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM) as the initial values, we simulate the linear and nonlinear propagations of the migrating diurnal and semidi-urnal tides in the atmosphere from the ground to the lower thermosphere. A comparison of our simulations with the results of GSWM is also presented. The simulation results show that affected by the nonlinearity, the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides propagating in the middle and upper atmosphere exhibit evident short-term variability. The nonlinear interactions between the migrating tides and the background atmosphere can obviously alter the background wind and temperature fields, which suggests that the nonlin-ear propagations of the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides impact significantly on the transient dynamical and thermal structures of the background middle and upper at-mosphere and the nonlinear effect is an important cause of the difference between the results of GSWM and observa-tions.

关键词：大气非线性传播数学模型可变性温度场

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GRACE detection of the medium-to far-field coseismic gravity changes caused by the 2004 Mw9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2012年第3期25卷 235-240页

作者： Jin Li1,2,3 and Wenbin Shen1,3,4, 1 Department of Geophysics, School of geodesy and Geomatics, wuhan University, wuhan 43.079, china 2 key laboratory of Geodynamic geodesy of Chinese Academy, wuhan 430077, china 3 key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy (ministry of education), wuhan University, wuhan 43.079, china 4 State key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, wuhan 43.079, china Department of Geophysics School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan China key laboratory of Geodynamic geodesy of Chinese Academy Wuhan China key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy (ministry of education) Wuhan University Wuhan China State key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan China

Large earthquakes cause observable changes in the Earth’s gravity field, which have been detected by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Since most previous studies focus on the detection of near-field gravity effects, this study provides the results from the medium- to far-field gravity changes caused by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that are recorded within GRACE monthly solutions. Utilizing a spherical-earth dislocation model we documented that large-scale signals predominate in the global field of the coseismic gravity changes caused by the earthquake. After removing the near-field effects, the coseismic gravity changes show a negative anomaly feature with an average magnitude of -0.18×10-8 m·s-2 in the region ranging ～40° from the epicenter, which is considered as the 'medium ffield' in this study. From the GRACE data released by Center for Space Research from August 2002 to December 2008, we retrieved the large-scale gravity changes smoothed with 3 000 km Gaussian ffilter. The results show that the coseismic gravity changes detected by GRACE in the medium field have an average of (-0.20±0.06)×10-8 m·s-2, which agrees with the model prediction. The detection confirms that GRACE is sensitive to large-scale medium-field coseismic gravitational effects of mega earthquakes, and also validates the spherical-earth dislocation model in the medium field from the perspective of satellite gravimetry.

关键词： GRACE medium-to far-field coseismic gravity change 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake spherical-Earth dislocation model

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SATELLITE GRAVITY SURVEYING TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH OF EARTH’S GRAVITY FIELD

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大地测量与地球动力学 2003年第B12期23卷 1-7页

作者： Ning Jinsheng (The key laboratory of Geo Space environment and geodesy, ministry of education, wuhan University, wuhan 43.079, china) The key laboratory of Geo-Space environment and geodesy Ministry of EducationWuhan University Wuhan 430079 China

This is a summarized paper. Two topics are discussed: Firstly, the concept, development and application of four kinds of satellite gravity surveying technology are introduced; Secondly, some problems of theory and method, which must be considered in the study of the \{Earth’s\} gravity field based on satellite gravity data, are expounded.

关键词：卫星重力测量技术地球重力场卫星轨道技术概念技术进展技术应用空中重力测量

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Ce Anomalies of the Yangtze Region,South china,through the Ordovician and Silurian Transition

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Journal of Earth Science 2009年第6期20卷 941-948页

作者：严德天张丽琴李双建 key laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of ministry of education China University of GeosciencesWuhan Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University key laboratory of geospace environment & geodesy of ministry of education Wuhan University Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC

Systematic Ce anomalies for whole-rock have been obtained from the shale-dominated, continuous, and pelagic sedimentary sequences spanning the Ordovician/Silurian （O/S） boundary at the Tieshui （铁水） of Xiushan （秀山）, Chongqing （重庆）, South china. Ce anomalies across the O/S boundary are recognized in three intervals, Wufeng （五峰）, Guanyinqiao （观音桥） and Longmaxi （龙马溪）. The calculated Ce/Ce＊ values of Wufeng Formation range from 0.84 to 0.96 （avg. 0.90）. In the Guanyinqiao Formation, the values of calculated Ce/Ce＊ range from 0.73 to 0.85 （avg. 0.79）. The Ce/Ce＊ values of uppermost Longmaxi Formation range from 0.87 to 0.96 （avg. 0.91）. All along the section, the magnitude of the Ce anomaly is always negative, but is more significant in the Guanyinqiao Formation. The relatively higher Ce/Ce＊ values in the Wufeng and Longmaxi shales are likely to be due to the sediments deposited under rather reducing conditions. The Ce anomaly apparently does play some regular roles in the anoxic events that accompany prominent mass extinctions, and this work provides new data of critical importance for constraining models on the end-Ordovician anoxic events and mass extinctions.

关键词： Ce anomaly redox mass extinction Ordovician/Silurian boundary Yangtze platform.

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Estimation on principal component of multi-collinearity Gauss-Markov model based on minimum description length

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 153-155页

作者： SHI Yu-feng~(1, 2) (1. Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, china 2. key laboratory of geospace environment and geodesy, ministry of education, wuhan University, wuhan 43.079, china) Shandong Univ Technol Zibo 255049 Peoples R China wuhan Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Geospace Environm & Geodesy Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China

Gauss-Markov model is frequently used in data analysis; the analysis and estimation of its parameters is always a hot issue. Based on the information theory and from the viewpoint of optimal information on description—minimum description length, this paper discusses a case: where there is multi-collinearity in the coefficient matrix, principal component estimation is used to estimate and select the original parameters, so as to reduce its multi-collinearity and improve its credibility. From the viewpoint of minimum description length, this paper discusses the approach of selecting principal components and uses this approach to solve a practical problem.

关键词： minimum description length Gauss-Markov model multi-collinearity principal component estimation

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MULTISCALE MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS IN DISCRETE MATERIALS: A REVIEW

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2010年第6期23卷 579-591页

作者： Xiaojing Zheng Dengming Wang (key laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and environment,the ministry of education of china,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,china) key laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and environment the Ministry of Education of China Lanzhou University Lanzhou China

The discrete material, which belongs to the category of soft materials, is one of the most prevalent forms of matter in nature and engineering fields. These materials often exhibit abundant and complex mechanical properties which are still far from being perfectly understood. From the view of multi-scale framework concentrated on the ＇bridge＇ role in the macro-micro relation, this review mainly introduces some theoretical investigations of mechanical behaviors in discrete materials, including the continuum constitutive model based on the macroscopic phenomenological approach and coupled micro-macro approach, the statistical analysis of some microscopic physical quantities involved contacted forces between particles and its transmission within the whole system, and the statistical analysis for some microscopic processes in aeolian landform systems involving the grain-bed impact, the transportation and sedimentation of wind-blown sand flux, et al. Finally, some further worthwhile challenges in these fields are suggested.

关键词： discrete material multiple space and time scales trans-scales correlation sanddune statistical analysis

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Atmospheric correction of HJ-1A/B CCD images over Chinese coastal waters using MODIS-Terra aerosol data

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 191-195页

作者： TIAN LiQiao 1,LU JianZhong 1,CHEN XiaoLing 1,2,3,YU ZhiFeng 1,XIAO JingJing 1,QIU Feng 1 & ZHAO Xi 1 1 State key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,wuhan University,wuhan 43.079,china 2key laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,ministry of education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,china 3 The key laboratory of Poyang Lake environment and Resource Utilization,ministry of education,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,china State key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan China key laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Ministry of Education Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China The key laboratory of Poyang Lake environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education Nanchang University Nanchang China

This paper demonstrates an atmospheric correction method to process HJ-1A/B CCD images over Chinese coastal waters with the aid of MODIS-Terra aerosol *** on the assumption of zero water-leaving radiance at the two near-infrared (NIR)bands or the shortwave infrared(SWIR)bands,the atmospheric aerosol optical depth(AOD)is firstly retrieved from MODIS-Terra with a simple extension of the NIR-SWIR combined atmospheric correction approach embedded in SeaDAS (SeaWiFS data analysis system).Then the"turbid"and"non-turbid"waters are separated by the turbid water *** probability of AOD at 551 nm band is derived based on the NIR information over"non-turbid"waters and FLAASH model is selected to do the atmospheric correction of the HJ-1A/B CCD imagery using the AOD values of highest probabilities as ***,according to the histogram of the AOD distribution at 551 nm band,the studied turbid water area is divided into several blocks and HJ-1A/B CCD imagery is corrected with the corresponding AOD values displayed with the highest frequency in each *** method has been applied to several HJ-1A/B images over Chinese coastal waters and validated by synchronous in-situ *** results have shown that this method is effective in the atmospheric correction process of HJ-1A/B CCD images for ocean color remote sensing study and application in the coastal waters.

关键词： ocean color remote sensing atmospheric correction turbid coastal waters HJ-1A/B MODIS

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A comparative study on 3-D solar wind structure observed by Ulysses and MHD simulation

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Science Bulletin 2005年第7期50卷 672-678页

作者： FENG Xueshang, XIANG Changqing, ZHONG Dingkun & FAN Quanlin SIGMA Weather Group, key laboratory of Space Weather key Labo- ratory of geospace environment and geodesy, ministry of education, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china SIGMA Weather Group Key Laboratory of Space Weather Beijing China key Labo-ratory of geospace environment and geodesy Ministry of Education Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

During Ulysses’ first rapid pole-to-pole transit from September 1994 to June 1995, its observations showed that middle- or high-speed solar winds covered all latitudes except those between ?20° and +20° near the ecliptic plane, where the velocity was 300―450 km/s. At poleward 40°, however, only fast solar winds at the speed of 700―870 km/s were observed. In addition, the transitions from low-speed wind to high-speed wind or vice versa were abrupt. In this paper, the large-scale structure of solar wind observed by Ulysses near solar minimum is simulated by using the three-dimensional numerical MHD model. The model com- bines TVD Lax-Friedrich scheme and MacCormack II scheme and decomposes the calculation region into two re- gions: one from 1 to 22 Rs and the other from 18 Rs to 1 AU. Based on the observations of the solar photospheric magnetic field and an addition of the volumetric heating to MHD equations, the large-scale solar wind structure mentioned above is reproduced by using the three-dimensional MHD model and the numerical results are roughly consistent with Ulysses’ observations. Our simulation shows that the initial magnetic field topology and the addition of volume heating may govern the bimodal structure of solar wind observed by Ulysses and also demonstrates that the three-dimensional MHD numerical model used here is efficient in modeling the large-scale solar wind structure.

关键词： Ulysses observation solar wind structure numerical simulation.

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Sediment transport capacity of hyperconcentrated flow

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第8期51卷 961-975页

作者： SHU AnPing1,2 & FEI XiangJun2 1 School of environment & key laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,ministry of education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,china 2 State key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,china School of environment & key laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China State key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

As one of the most important components of river mechanics,sediment transport capacity of sediment-laden flows has attracted much attention from many researchers working on river mechanics and hydraulic engineering. Based on the time-averaged equation for a turbulent energy equilibrium in solid and liquid two-phase flow,an expression for the efficiency coefficient of suspended load movement was derived for the two-dimensional,steady,uniform,fully-developed turbulent flow. A new structural expression of sediment transport capacity was achieved. Using 115 runs of flume experimental data,which were obtained through two kinds of sediment transport experiments in the state of equilibrium,in combination with the basic rheological and sediment transporting characteristics of hyperconcentrated flow,the main parameters in the structural expression of sediment transport capacity were calibrated,and a new formula of sediment transport capacity for hyperconcentrated flow was developed. A large amount of field data from the Yellow River,Wuding River,and Yangtze River,etc. were adopted to verify the new formula and good agreement was obtained. These results above contribute to an improved theoretical system of river mechanics and a reliable tool for management of rivers carrying high concentration of sediments.

关键词： hyperconcentrated flow turbulent energy equilibrium efficiency coefficient sediment transport capacity

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