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Determination of Lateral Extension of hydrocarbon Concentration Sealing Caprocks by AVO Analysis

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petroleum Science 2007年第4期4卷 17-22页

作者： Li Weilian key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The caprock is one of the key factors for a reservoir, especially for a gas reservoir. Whether the caprocks can block off the gas is of significance for the accumulation and preservation of the gas reservoir. In this paper, we use the Amplitude versus offset （AVO） seismic technique to determine the lateral extension of the hydrocarbon concentration sealing caprocks. The essence of this technique is to detect the variations of the reservoir bed physical properties by monitoring the variations of the reflection coefficient of seismic waves upon the interfaces between different lithologies. Generally it is used to indicate hydrocarbon directly. For the hydrocarbon concentration sealing caprocks, the change of hydrocarbon concentration may cause the change of physical properties of the caprocks. Therefore it is possible to evaluate the hydrocarbon concentration sealing ability of the caprocks by AVO. This paper presents a case study using AVO to determine the lateral extension of the hydrocarbon concentration sealing caprocks. The result shows that this method is helpful for the exploration of the region.

关键词： AVO caprock hydrocarbon concentration sealing gas diffusion loss

Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt,Sichuan Basin,southwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 32-43页

作者： TANG LiangJie1,2,3,YANG KeMing4,JIN WenZheng1,2,3,L ZhiZhou4 & YU YiXin1,2,3 1 State key laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2 key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism,china university of petroleum,ministry of education,beijing 102.49,china 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 4 Southwest Division Company,SINOPEC,Chengdu 610081,china State key laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China Southwest Division Company SINOPEC Chengdu China

As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan Basin,china. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3 categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2) the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3) the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt.

关键词： decollement layer structural styles multi-level decollement zones Longmenshan thrust belt

Multi-origin alkanes related to CO_2-rich, mantle-derived fluid in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第20期47卷 1756-1760页

作者： JIN Zhijun, ZHANG Liuping, ZENG Jianhui & YANG LeiBasin & Reservoir Research Center, university of petroleum, beijing 102.49, china key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of Chinese ministry of education, university of petroleum, beijing 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key Lab. hydrocarbon Accumul. Mech. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

With the newly obtained carbon isotope data for the natural gas, a pilot study of multiple-sourced alkanes related to the mantled-derived fluid is presented. The carbon isotope values of alkanes in the Dongying Sag possess the features indicating a general organic origin. However, there are two sub-populations in the isotopic data set, which reflect two specific types of origins. In general, the sub-population with high δ13CCH4 values is related to the CO2-rich, mantle-derived fluid, and it is distributed in the belts where mantle-derived fluid flow and basic volcanic activities have occurred. Geological and geochemical studies demonstrate that this variation of methane carbon isotope values in the Dongying Sag is unrelated with the basin bury and thermal histories, types of source rocks, and reactions between basin fluid and rocks. Mixing of mantle-derived fluid and organic sourced hydrocarbons is probably the cause for the variation.

关键词： mantle-derived fluid organic origin hydrocarbons in-teraction carbon isotope.

Wave characteristics and tectonic-sedimentation evolution of foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 70-77页

作者： LI RuFeng1,2,3,GUO TongLou4,CHEN GuoFei1 & ZHANG GangXiong1 1 State key laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2 key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism,china university of petroleum,ministry of education,beijing 102.49,china 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 4 SINOPEC Southern E & P Company,Chengdu 610041,china State key laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China SINOPEC Southern E & P Company Chengdu China

In this paper,the technology of wave process method for sedimentation is first adopted in the research of the foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain with respect of oil and reservoir’s formation and tectonic and sedimentary evolution. From the fluctuation characteristics,we could make conclusions in the foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain that,there existed 2 first-order sedimentary cycles (220 Ma),corresponding to Caledonian-Hercynian and Indo-Chinese-Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic cycles respec-tively; there existed 4 second-order sedimentary cycles (10 Ma),corresponding to two sedimentation peak period and two denudation peak periods in research zone; there existed 12 third-order sedimen-tary cycles (35 Ma) and 21 fourth-sedimentary cycles (20 Ma). These 33 cycles in the research zone corresponded to the sedimentation-denudation process in different periods,furthermore,their fluctua-tion characteristics bore the genetic relationship with the development law of source,reservoir and cap rocks: the source rock had the tendency to develop at the turning part between wave crest and wave trough,or at the superposition of wave turning part in different periods,presenting like "X"; most res-ervoir rocks developed at the place of wave peak; the development of cap rock was located in the wave trough on the right of sedimentation-denudation datum line. As a result,through the application of wave process method for sedimentation,we could rediscover the understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution from another prospective,meanwhile,it enables to make prediction about the development rule of source,reservoir and cap rocks,which means a significant importance to the re-search of oil and reservoir’s forming condition.

关键词： foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain sedimentation wave process wave cycle tectonic and sedimentary evolution forming condition

Wave tectono-sedimentary processes in Tarim basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1949-1959页

作者： JIN Zhijun1,2, ZHANG Yiwei1 & CHEN Shuping1 1. key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation, ministry of education, china university of petroleum, beijing 102.49, china 2. Exploration and Production Research Institute, china petroleum & Chemical Corporation, beijing 100083, china key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation ministry of education China University of Petroleum Beijing China Exploration and Production Research Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China

Based on the unconformities, the formation times of structures, and geological wave filtering applied to basin fills of typical wells around the Manjiaer area in the Tarim basin, the wave tectono-sedimentary processes in the Tarim Basin are discussed. The results of geological wave filtering of basin fills of typical wells show that, in time domain, the evolution of the Tarim basin was controlled by various wave processes with the periods of 740±Ma, 200±Ma, 100±Ma and 30±Ma. The analyses of basin fills, basin subsidence and unconformities show that the trends of the sedimentary facies belts, depocenters, and centers of subsidence migrated and interchanged periodically with periods of 200±Ma. These show the propagation of wave movements in space domain. The wave evolution of the Tarim basin is of significance to understanding the formation of the oil and gas reservoirs in the basin.

关键词： Tarim basin, tectonics, sedimentation, crustal undation, wave evolution

mechanisms of Cenozoic deformation in the Bohai Basin, Northeast china: Physical modelling and discussions

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第3期49卷 258-271页

作者： ZHOU Jianxun1 & ZHOU Jiansheng2 1. key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation of Chinese ministry of education and Department of Earth Science, china university of petroleum, beijing 102.49, china 2. Dagang petroleum Sub-corporation of Petrochina Company Limited, Tianjin 300280, china key laboratory for hydrocarbon accumulation of Chinese ministry of education and Department of Earth Science China University of Petroleum Beijing China Dagang petroleum Sub-corporation of Petrochina Company Limited Tianjin China

The Bohai Basin is a Cenozoic petroliferous extensional basin in china and has apparent geometrical and kinematic similarities with the other Meso-Cenozoic extensional basins located along the eastern margin of Eurasian Plate. However, the deformation mechanisms of the basin are still in dispute. Physcial modelling referring to the Huanghua Depression, located in the central part of the Bohai Basin was conducted employing four sets of planar sandbox experimental models with different extension directions. Only experimental results of the model with N-S extension show good structural similarity with the depression. The results also indicate that complex variations of fault strike in a rift basin are not necessarily the results of complex kinematic mechanisms or polyphase deformation. Based on comparison of experimental results with the actual structures and the good structural simi- larity between Huanghua Depression and the whole Bohai Basin, it is concluded that the Bohai Basin was formed by the N-S extension. The strike slip deformation along the NNE-trending border faults of the basin resulted from the N-S extension and played the role of lateral transformation for the N-S extension. In addition, according to the apparent geometrical and kinematic similarities among the Bohai Basin and other Meso-Cenozoic extensional basins located along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate, it is proposed that: (1) this “N-S extension” model provides a better kinematic inter- pretation for the formation of Bohai Basin and the other adjacent basins located along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate; and (2) the N-S extension was probably the effect of the “slab window” formed by the subduction of the nearly E-W trending oceanic ridge between the Kula and Pacific Plates. The “slab window” effect can also provide reasonable explanations for the phenomena that initial rifting ages of basins become progressively younger westwards along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate

关键词： Bohai Basin, physical modelling, Cenozoic, extensional tectonics.

Differential retardation of organic matter maturation by overpressure

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 783-793页

作者： HAO Fang1,2, JIANG Jianqun1, ZOU Huayao1, FANG Yong1 & ZENG Zhiping2 1. key Lab for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in the ministry of education, petroleum university, beijing 102.49, china 2. Department of petroleum Geology, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china key Lab for hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in the ministry of education Petroleum University Beijing China Department of petroleum Geology China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

The thermal evolution of organic matter (OM) is composed of a series of reactions that are paralell and successive with each other. Different reactions have different activation energy, different rates of product concentration variation, and different volume expansion effects, and therefore have different responses to overpressure, which determines the differential retardation of different OM maturation reactions and maturity parameters. Based upon comprehensive studies on the OM maturation in different pressure systems in the Yinggehai, Qiongdongnan and Bohai Bay basins, 4 hierarchies of overpressure retardation have been recognized. (1) OM maturation in all aspects has been retarded by overpressure. (2) The thermal evolution of hydrocarbons and thermal degradation of hydrogen-rich kerogens has been retarded, but the thermal evolution of hydrogen-poor kerogen components has not been affected by overpressure. As a result, vitrinite reflectance has not been retarded. (3) The thermal cracking of hydrocarbons has been retarded, yet overpressure has had little or no effect on thermal degradation of kerogens. (4) Overpressure has no detectable effect on all aspects of OM maturation. The hierarchy that overpressure has retarded all aspects of OM maturation is the combined result of early overpressure (overpressure began to develop when the source rock was still immature) and the protracted maintenances of closed fluid system. Any case that overpressure had developed too late, or overpressure was too small to reach the threshold values, or overpressured fluid had been frequently released, could give rise to the occurrence of state 4 that overpressure had no detectable effect on all aspects of OM maturation. It seems that in many basins, overpressure retardation of hierarchies 2 and 3 developed where the most commonly used maturity parameter, vitrinite reflectance, had not been affected. In theses cases, multiple parameters must be used to distinguish overpressure retardati

关键词： overpressure, organic matter maturation, hydrocarbon generation, differential retardation.

Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2 (1. key laboratory of hydrocarbon accumulation in china petroleum university, ministry of education, beijing 102.49, china 2. The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petrochina Company Limited, Korla 841000, china) key laboratory of hydrocarbon accumulation in china Petroleum University Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla 841000 China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

Performance analysis and optimal design for well patterns in anisotropic formations

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petroleum Science 2008年第3期5卷 251-257页

作者： Liu Yuetian key laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The mechanism of the effects of anisotropic permeability on well patterns and reservoir development are investigated by coordinate transformation, fluid flow analysis, and reservoir development concepts. Anisotropy of permeability has reconstructive effects on well patterns. The originally designed flooding units are broken up, and new pattern units are made up of the wells that belong to different original units. The behavior possesses strong randomness, and leads to a complicated relationship among the injection and production wells, and unpredictable productivity of the formations. To prevent the break-up of well patterns, well lines should be either parallel or perpendicular to the maximum principal direction of the anisotropic permeability （i.e. the fracture direction）. To optimize the development effects ofanisotropic formations, the latitudinal and longitudinal well spacing of the well network are calculated from the principal values of the anisotropic permeability.

关键词： Fractured reservoir anisotropic permeability performance analysis well pattern design