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Electric-stimulus rate encoding algorithm of Mandarin tonal information in cochlear implant

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1315-1321页

作者： GUAN Tian~1. GONG Qin~1.and YE Datian~2**(1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua university, {1. 1.0084, china 2. Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua university, Shenzhen 51.055, china) Department of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Research Center of Biomedical Engineering graduate School Shenzhen Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 China

The modern multi-channel cochlear implants usually extract and encode the temporal envelope cues. This kind of algorithms can hardly satisfy the users who speak tonal languages, such as Mandarin. Many studies have tried to enhance the recognition ability of Mandarin through encoding tonal information and made suggestions to frequency-modulate the fixed pulse-rate carrier with the extracted tonal information based on the rate-pitch theory in electric hearing. However, how to encode and deliver the tonal information such as F_0by changing electric-stimulus rate has not got further study in clinical electric-stimulus mode. The present paper focuses on this matter by piecewise calculating the appreciable electric-stimulus rates. Then an electric-stimulus encoding algorithm of Mandarin tone is brought forward and testified through acoustic simulations. Such conclusion can be drawn that this algorithm of electric-stimulus rate could convey tonal information well and help to enhance the Mandarin speech recognition ability.

关键词： cochlear implant tone fundamental frequency electric-stimulus rate.

Mineralogy and crystal structure determination of Mg-fillowite

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第5期48卷 635-646页

作者： MA Zhesheng 1., SHI Nicheng 1.& YE Danian 2 1. china {1. of Geosciences, beijing 1.0083, china 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0029, china china {1. of Geosciences Beijing China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Accurate crystal structure determination of complex phosphate Mg-fillowite ? Na2Ca(Mn4Mg2Fe)7[PO4]6 has been finished. Mg-fillowite occurs in muscovite-pegmatite in the Altay area, Xinjiang, china. It is of the trigonal lattice, with space group R-3, unit cell a=1.51.3(3) nm, c=4.31.1.2) nm, V=8.5736 nm3, Z = 1.. The R-factor of the determination accuracy is R (I > 2σ ( I )) = 0.0776. The cationic polyhedra consist of two kinds of structural units: compound col- umn and screw column. In three-dimensional space, they are linked with each other through corner sharing or edge sharing to build the entire structure. There are 45 atoms in an asymmetric unit and 720 atoms in a unit cell. In terms of types and connection manners of the coordination polyhedra, the degree of complicity is rarely seen in all mineral crystal structures. Study of such a structure is significant for the classification of phosphate and the building rule of coordination polyhedra in a complex crystal structure.

关键词： Mg-fillowite, complex phosphate, crystal structure, coordination polyhedron.

The identity of some taxa of Schizophragma (Saxifragaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第2期47卷 151-161页

作者： 1.2Wei LIU 1.iang-Yun ZHU 1.Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 1.0093,{1.) 2(graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 1.0049,{1.) Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China graduate {1. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

After examining a large number of type and authoritative specimens of Schizophragma Siebold & Zucc.,*** *** and *** *** Rehder were reduced to synonyms of *** Rehder and *** *** *** was reduced to synonym of *** *** crassum *** *** was treated as the correct name of *** ***(Chun) *** name *** *** Rehder is *** taxonomic treat-ment is supported by leaf epidermal characters.

关键词： leaf epidermis new synonym reinstatement Schizophragma

Relationship between surface subsidence factor and mining depth of strip pillar mining

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 594-598页

作者： GUO Wen-bing1. 2, HOU Quan-lin 1. ZOU You-feng2 1. College of Earth Science, graduate {1. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0049, china 2. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic {1., Jiaozuo 454000, china College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Energy Science and Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454000 China

Strip pillar mining is one of the most important technical measures to control mining subsidence in china. Mining depth is one of the most important factors that can affect the mining subsidence in strip pillar mining. Six numerical simulation models were set up to simulate the surface subsidence of strip pillar mining in different mining depths. The mining depth in these six models ranges from 300 to 800 m. The simulated results were compared and analyzed. The formula was established based on the simulated results. It demonstrated that the subsidence of strip pillar mining method is related to mining depth. While the other conditions are the same, the subsidence of strip pillar mining increases with the increase of mining depth by logarithmic relationship.

关键词： subsidence factor strip pillar mining mining depth numerical simulation

Empirical likelihood confidence regions of the parameters in a partially linear single-index model

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Science china Mathematics 2005年第10期48卷 1333-1348页

作者： XUE Liugen~1.& ZHU Lixing~2 1. College of Applied Sciences,beijing {1. of Technology,beijing 1.0022,china 2. Department of Mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist {1.,Hong Kong,china College of Applied Sciences Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China

In this paper, a partially linear single-index model is investigated, and three empirical log-likelihood ratio statistics for the unknown parameters in the model are suggested. It is proved that the proposed statistics are asymptotically standard chi-square under some suitable conditions, and hence can be used to construct the confidence regions of the parameters. Our methods can also deal with the confidence region construction for the index in the pure single-index model. A simulation study indicates that, in terms of coverage probabilities and average areas of the confidence regions, the proposed methods perform better than the least-squares method.

关键词： partially linear single-index model, empirical likelihood, confidence region, chi-square distribution, coverage probability.

Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第Z1期47卷 1-13页

作者： YANG Shengtian1.& LIU Changming1. 2 1. School of Environmental Sciences, beijing Normal {1., beijing 1.0875, china 2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, beijing 1.01.1. china School of Environmental Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research Beijing China

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1.82—1.98, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0—1.m) in the Yellow River basin over the 1. years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1.82 to 1.88 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4000 km3, the evapotranspiration of 3000-3500 km3, and the soil moisture transformation of ?500- 500 km3. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 1. years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

关键词： the Yellow River, soil moisture, remote sensing, hydrologic cycle.

Existence of the solutions and the attractors for the large-scale atmospheric equations

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第6期49卷 650-660页

作者： HUANG Haiyang1.& GUO Boling2 1. Department of Mathematics, beijing Normal {1., beijing 1.0875, china 2. Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, beijing 1.0080, china Department of Mathematics Beijing Normal University Beijing China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing China

In this paper, firstly, the proper function space is chosen, and the proper expression of the operators is introduced such that the complex large-scale atmospheric motion equations can be described by a simple and abstract equation, by which the definition of the weak solution of the atmospheric equations is made. Secondly, the existence of the weak solution for the atmospheric equations and the steady state equations is proved by using the Galerkin method. The existence of the non-empty global attractors for the atmospheric equations in the sense of the Chepyzhov-Vishik’s definition is obtained by constructing a trajectory attractor set of the atmospheric motion equations. The result obtained here is the foundation for studying the topological structure and the dynamical behavior of the atmosphere attractors. Moreover, the methods used here are also valid for studying the other atmospheric motion models.

关键词： atmosphere equations, weak solution, trajectory attractor, global attractor, equilibrium.

Observation results of relativistic electrons detected by Fengyun-1.satellite and analysis of relativistic electron enhancement (REE) events

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第12期51卷 1947-1956页

作者： YANG XiaoChao1.2↑ & WANG ShiJin1.1.Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.01.0,{1. 2 graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0049,{1. Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate {1. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The space particle component detector on Fengyun-1.satellite which works at the sun-synchronous orbit of about 870 km altitude has detected relativistic electrons for a long time. In comparison with the SAMPEX satellite observations during 1.99–2004, the relativistic electron data from Fengyun-1.satellite from June 1.99 to 2005 are used to analyze the relativistic electron enhancement (REE) events at the low earth orbit, and the possible correlation among REE events at the low earth orbit, high-speed solar wind and geomagnetic storms is discussed. The statistical result presents that 45 REE events are found in total during this time period, and the strong REE events with the maximum daily average flux > 400 cm?2·srt-1.s?1.occur mostly during the transition period from solar maximum to solar minimum. Among these 45 REE events, four strong REE events last a longer time period from 26-to 51.day and correlate closely with high speed solar wind and strong geomagnetic storms. Meanwhile, several strong geomagnetic storms occur continuously before these REE events, and these continuous geomagnetic storms would be an important factor causing these long-lasting strong REE events. The correlation analysis for overall 45 events indicates that the strength of the REE events correlates with the solar wind speed and the strength of the geomagnetic storm, and the correlation for strong REE events is much stronger than that for weak REE events.

关键词： relativistic electron enhancement low earth orbit high-speed solar wind geomagnetic storm

Nonlinear interactions between gravity waves and background winds

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 639-644页

作者： Liu Xiao1.2 and Xu Jiyao1.1. State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0080,{1. 2. graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 1.0039,{1.) State Key Laboratory for Space Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China graduate {1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Using the nonlinear propagating gravity waves (GW) model in the two-dimensional compressible atmosphere and the linear GW theory, the process of GW propagation in different background winds, e.g. the direction of the background wind is opposite to (dead wind) or the same as (tail wind) the direction of the horizontal phase velocity of GW, is studied. The results show that the dead wind prolongs the vertical wavelength and accelerates GW propagation. Therefore, GW propagates up to a higher height becomes instable in a short time and eventually induces an inverse jet flow. Then, the vertical wavelength is becoming short due to the nonlinear interactions between GW and the inverse jet flow. The vertical wavelength and group velocity decrease after GW propagates into the tail wind. The initial instable time is delayed. Although most of GW is trapped in the instable region, some of GW propagates above the instable region. Compared with GW propagation in the tail wind, the nonlinear interactions between GW and the dead wind are also strong. In contrast, the linear GW theory predicts that GW can propagate freely in the dead wind. The vertical wavelength simulated by the nonlinear numerical model is different from that predicted by the linear theory greatly after GW propagates into the dead wind.

关键词： gravity waves background winds vertical group velocity vertical wavelength nonlinear interactions.