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Improvement of the SLP simulation in the coupled AGCM-ocean surface wave model

chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第20期50卷 2397-2400页

作者： YU Weidong1, 2, 3, LI Zhaoxin4 & YUAN Yeli3 1. Institute of Oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2. graduate school of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China 3. Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China 4. LMD/CNRS, Univ. Paris 6, Paris, France Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China LMD/CNRS Univ. Paris 6 Paris France

The coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CGCM) are nowbecoming the indispensable tools for the climate study. However, most models still suffer fromunrealistic simulations. One problem is the troublesome climate drift. It may come from someunresolved aspects. One possibility is the poor air-sea surface flux description now adopted inCGCM. The commonly used solution for this problem is the so-called flux correction. To deal with it,Hasslemann proposed an alternative solution of prospect. That is to incorporate the ocean surfacewave model into this coupled GCM system so as to establish a coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean *** necessity is clearly seen from the recent field experiment that air-sea momentum flux dependsstrongly on the sea state. So the explicit calculation of the air-sea flux with the aid of the oceansurface wave model is highly desired. Theoretical progress has provided feasibility to such ideaand experiments have been conducted. Recent work also reveals that coupling ocean surface wave modelwith oceanic general circulation model can result in much better reproduction of the upper oceanthermal structure. This further strengthens our belief in the final realization of the coupledatmosphere-wave-ocean modeling system.

关键词：大气海洋循环模式气象学 SLP模拟

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Northeast China Rice Fields in Fallow Season

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 630-638页

作者： LIANG Wei SHI Yi ZHANG Hua YUE Jin HUANG Guo-Hong Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 10005g （China） College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 （China）

CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from northeast chinese rice fields were measured in the fallow season （November to March） to investigate the effects of freezing-thawing on the emissions. Both CH4 emission from and atmospheric CH4 oxidation by the soil occurred, but the flux was small. During the fallow season, rice fields acted as a minor source of atmospheric CH4, which accounted for about 1% of the CH4 emission during the rice growing period. The field was also a substantial source of atmospheric N20, which ranged between 40 to 77 mg m-2 and eu=counted for 40%-50% of the annual N20 emission. The largest N20 flux was observed in the thawing period during the fallow season. Laboratory incubation tests showed that the largest N20 flux came from the release of N20 trapped in frozen soil. Tillage and rice straw application （either mulched on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil） stimulated the CH4 and CO2 emissions during the fallow season, but only straw application stimulated N2O emission substantially.

关键词： CH4 CO2 freezing-thawing N2O rice field

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Multi-scale heterogeneity of soil moisture following snow thawing in Haloxylon ammodendron shrubland

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Science China Earth sciences 2007年第S1期 49-55页

作者： LI Jun1,2, ZHAO ChenYi1, ZHU Hong1,2, WANG Feng1,2, WANG LiJuan1,2 & KOU SiYong1,2 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences,ürümqi 830011, China 2 graduate school of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China

Spatial variation of soil moisture after snow thawing in South Gurbantunggut was quantitatively studied using ANOVA and geostatistics at various scales. The results show that the soil moisture heterogeneity varies along with spatial scales. At the shrub individual scale, there is a gradient in soil moisture from shrub-canopied area to canopy margin and to the interspaces between shrubs. At the community scale, soil moisture is highly autocorrelated and the semivariogram is fitted as spherical model, with an 89.6% structural variance and a range of 4.02 m. In addition, Kringing map indicates that the soil moisture distribution pattern after snow thawing is highly consistent with the shrub patch pattern. At the typical inter-dune transect scale, soil moisture presents a pattern of high value at inter-dune depression and low value at dune, and this variation is fitted as Gaussian model with a structural variance of 95.8% and a range of 66.16 m. The range is comparable with the scale of topography zoning, suggesting that the topography pattern controls the pattern of snowmelt at this scale. The evidence indicates that the heterogeneity of soil moisture at various scales is controlled by various land surface processes after snow thawing. For Gurbantunggut Desert, the spatial heterogeneity of snowmelt at various scales is ecologically valuable, because it promotes the utilization efficiency of the snowmelt for the desert vegetation.

关键词： geostatistics scale spatial heterogeneity snowmelt Haloxylon ammodendron Gurbantunggut Desert

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Distribution and Migration of Heavy Metals in Undisturbed Forest Soils:A High Resolution Sampling Method

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 386-393页

作者： RUAN Xin-Ling ZHANG Gan-Lin NI Liu-Jian HE Yue State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science chinese academy of sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 （China） College of Resources and Environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 （China）

The vertical distribution and migration of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd in two forest soil profiles near an industrial emission source were investigated using a high resolution sampling method together with reference element ***-meter soil profile was sectioned horizontally at 2 cm intervals in the first 40 cm,5 cm intervals in the next 40 cm,and 10 cm intervals in the last 20 *** migration distance and rate of heavy metals in the soil profiles were calculated according to their relative concentrations in the profiles,as calibrated by the reference element *** enrichment of heavy metals appeared in the uppermost layer of the forest soil,and the soil heavy metal concentrations decreased down the profile until reaching their background *** calculated average migration rates of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn were 0.70,0.33,0.37,and 0.76 cm year-1,respectively,which were comparable to other methods.A simulation model was proposed,which could well describe the distribution of Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd in natural forest soils.

关键词： distribution heavy metals high resolution sampling method migration rate

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Discussion on the dispersion & agglomeration of aircraft industry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2009年第3期21卷 192-197,208页

作者： Bo Chu1,21. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,beijing 100101 2. graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,China. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The aircraft industry is crucial to the economy and security of a nation. In this paper,the spatial characteristics and patterns of the aircraft industry are analyzed on different spatial scales. It is found that there is a ’Matthew effect’ in the global aircraft industry and the spatial evolution of the industry is consistent with the industrialization process of the whole country. It is also revealed that the spatial evolution of the country is driven by both the centripetal forces including capital,talents,technology and agglomeration economies and the centrifugal forces including the comparative advantage,cost & risk sharing,emerging markets,development policy for less-developed regions and the military imperative. These forces have both market-stabilizing and market-disrupting effects on the spatial evolution of the aircraft industry. The study suggests that lessons drawn from the experiences in the United States and France are expected to be conducive to the rise of China’s aircraft industry in the future.

关键词： aircraft industry dispersion agglomeration spatial evolution

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Tillage Pedogenesis of Purple Soils in Southwestern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第2期6卷 205-210页

作者： HE Xiubin BAO Yuhai NAN Hongwei XIONG Donghong WANG Li LIU Yanfeng ZHAO Jingbo Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China graduate school of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China

Land cultivation and tillage process, and their consequent impacts on soil erosion, have been criticized as the main cause of degradation of land or soil quality. However, purple soils, classified as Regosols in FAO Taxonomy or Entisols in USDA Taxonomy, are formed from purple rocks of the Trias- Cretaceous system, have been developed or at least accelerated the development due to continual tillage operation, especially digging and ridging. The present study took micromorphological investigation on the sedimentary rocks and the soils under different operations of tillage. Results show that the purple rock of Feixiangguan Formation of the Trias system （Tlf） is the easiest to physical weathering and the most fertile soil material enriched in nutrients, and it has been, therefore, mostly cultivated and intensively tilled around the year. It has the fastest soil formation rate. Soil formation rate in the cropland with conventional tillage is higher than that in the forestiand and the grassland. It implies that the artificial brokenness and tillage disturbance play a great role in physical weathering and initiating soil formation processes.

关键词： Tillage impact pedogenesis purple soil micromorphology southwestern China

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Morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis and size variation of leaf,flower and fruit in different ploidy levels in Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第3期47卷 231-236页

作者： 1,2Gao CHEN 1Wei-Bang SUN 3Hang SUN 1(Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, Kunming 650204, China) 2(graduate school of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China) 3(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, Kunming 650204, China) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China)

Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae) is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n=12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations of B. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length increased with an increase at ploidy level (P0.05) in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaploid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the fleld or in herbarium specimens.

关键词： Buddleja macrostachya dodecaploid hexaploid leaf epidermis ploidy level stomata.

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WIND observations of plasma waves inside the magnetic cloud boundary layers

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Science Bulletin 2005年第18期 85-90页

作者： WEI Fengsi1 , ZHONG Dingkun1,2, FENG Xueshang1, YANG Fang1,2 & LIU Rui 1 1. SIGMA Weather Group, Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, China 2. graduate school, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China

Based on the WIND observational data for the plasma waves from thermal noise receptor (TNR) working on the frequency 4―256 kHz and the solar wind and the magnetic fields, we analyze the plasma wave activities in the 60 magnetic cloud’s boundary layers (BLs) and find that there are often various plasma wave activities in the BLs, which are different from those in the adjacent solar wind (SW) and the magnetic clouds (MC). The basic characteris-tics are that: (1) the enhancement of the Langmuir wave near the electronic plasma frequency (fpe) is a dominant wave ac-tivity, which occupies 75% investigated samples; (2) the events enhanced both in the langmuir and ion acustic (f < fpe) waves are about 60% of investigated samples; (3) broadband, continuous enhancement events in the plasma wave activities were observed in the whole frequency band of TNR, and about 30% of the 60 samples, however, were not observed in the SW and the MC investigated events; (4) although the ratio of the temperatures between the electon and proton, Te/Tp≤1, the ion caustic wave enhancement activities are still often observed in the BLs, which makes it difficult to ex- plain them by the traditional plasma theory. New results reported in this paper further show that the magnetic cloud’s BL is an important dynamic structure, which could provide useful diagnosis for understanding the cloud’s BL physics and could expand a space developing space plasma wave theory.

关键词： solar wind magnetic cloud boundary layer plasma waves.

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Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks from the northern East China Sea shelf margin and the Okinawa Trough

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 48-61页

作者： ZENG Zhigang YU Shaoxiong WANG Xiaoyuan FU Yongtao YIN Xuebo ZHANG Guoliang WANG Xiaomei CHEN Shuai Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Volcanic rocks both from the northern East China Sea （NECS） shelf margin and the northern Okinawa Trough are subalkaline less aluminous,and lower in High Field Strength Elements （HFSE）.These rocks are higher in Large Ion Lithophile Elements （LILE）,thorium and uranium contents,positive lead anomalies,negative Nb-Ta anomalies,and enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements （LREE）.Basalts from the NECS shelf margin are akin to Indian Ocean Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt （MORB）,and rhyolites from the northern Okinawa Trough have the highest 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb *** NECS shelf margin basalts have lower 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios,ε N d and σ 18 O than the northern Okinawa Trough silicic *** to 40 K– 40 Ar isotopic ages of basalts from the NECS shelf margin,rifting of the Okinawa Trough may have been active since at least 3.65–3.86 *** origin of the NECS shelf margin basalt can be explained by the interaction of melt derived from Indian Ocean MORB-like mantle with enriched subcontinental *** basalts from both sides of the Okinawa Trough may have a similar origin during the initial rifting of the Okinawa Trough,and the formation of basaltic magmas closely relates to the thinning of continental *** source of the formation of the northern Okinawa Trough silicic rocks was different from that of the middle Okinawa Trough,which could have been generated by the interaction of basaltic melt with an enriched crustal *** the Ryukyu island arc to East China,the Cenozoic basalts have apparently increasing trends of MgO contents and ratios of LREE to Heavy Rare Earth Elements （HREE）,suggesting that the trace element variabilities of basalts may have been influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate,and that the effects of subduction of the Philippine Sea plate on the chemical composition of basaltic melts have had a decreasing effect from the Ryukyu island arc to East China.

关键词： volcanic rocks geochemical characteristics northern East China Sea shelf margin Okinawa Trough

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SUMO化信号途径对JNK信号通路活性的调控

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2011年第6期38卷 568-574页

作者：黄海朱南南焦仁杰中国科学院生物物理研究所北京100101 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

c-Jun氨基末端激酶(the c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)家族是促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)超家族成员之一.JNK信号通路对细胞生长、分化和凋亡等生物学活动都有重要作用.而SUMO化是一种重要的生物学修饰,可以调节多种细胞生理活动.最近,... 详细信息

c-Jun氨基末端激酶(the c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)家族是促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)超家族成员之一.JNK信号通路对细胞生长、分化和凋亡等生物学活动都有重要作用.而SUMO化是一种重要的生物学修饰,可以调节多种细胞生理活动.最近,黄海等在Development发表文章首次将SUMO化途径与JNK信号通路通过Hipk激酶联系起来,为进一步研究SUMO化的功能及其对JNK通路的调节建立了一个新的模型.

关键词： JNK通路 SUMO化 Hipk

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