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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A01期51卷 196-203页

作者： ZHU Zi’an & ZHANG Xiaolei xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china The Graduate School of the Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china xinjiang uygur autonomous region Development and Reform Commission, urumqi 830002, china Chinese Acad Sci Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China xinjiang uygur autonomous Reg Dev & Reform Commis Urumqi 830002 Peoples R China

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居... 详细信息

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居被执行的原因躺在生态的问题。生态的降级是生态的迁居的主要驱动力。然后，驱动力的力量取决于生态的降级的度。因此，是否执行生态的移植取决于生态的降级的程度。理论上，为在干旱陆地的精明的生态的移植的批评的值曲线通过生态学的相对问题的全面研究被提出，经济等等，在干旱陆地与生态的移植经验结合了，并且基于干旱环境的特征。在这篇文章，与这条曲线，理论研究和生态的迁居的一些实践从不做作的行为和生态的移植的驱动力形成的政府行为的观点被做了。它分析活跃驱动力(因素) 和否定力量(因素) ，并且指出预定和在干旱陆地实现生态的迁居的步骤。理论曲线表达某些创见和适用性，它为为实现生态的迁居工程评估生态的降级和理论底的度提供一个量的方法。

关键词：生态迁移临界值驱动力贫瘠地

Impact Assessment and Protection of Outstanding Landscape Integrity in a Natural Heritage Site:Fairy Valley,Kanas Nature Reserve,xinjiang,china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第1期8卷 46-52页

作者： HAN Fang1,2,YANG Zhaoping1,LIU Xinyu1,2,DI Feng3 1 xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese academy of Sciences,urumqi 830011,china 2 Graduate University of Chinese academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3 xinjiang Department of Science and Technology,urumqi 830011,china xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China Graduate University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China xinjiang Department of Science and Technology Urumqi China

The essential purpose of the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage is to protect the integrity of heritage *** landscape is the core embodiment of the aesthetic value of a natural heritage *** paper proposes a new assessment method from the point of view of the protection of heritage *** is used to measure the degree of outstanding landscape integrity under the human and natural impact in natural heritage *** paper employ three indices,a visual index of outstanding landscape,a harmony index of the artificial landscape and a disturbance index of damaged landscape,to measure the impact of landscape *** impact assessment model is based on a weighted combination of the three *** study site is the Fairy Valley,Kanas Nature Reserve,xinjiang uygur autonomous region in northwest *** information employed is derived from field investigation and a Digital Elevation Model(DEM).A comprehensive evaluation of the Fairy valley was undertaken and it was determined that the outstanding landscape values are being *** protection methods are proposed to reduce the adverse effects and maintain landscape quality,thereby providing site managers with suggestions for the protection of natural heritage *** broadly,the paper contributes novel methods of landscape assessment applicable to natural protected areas.

关键词： Landscape integrity Landscape impact assessment Landscape protection Natural heritage site Kanas Nature Reserve xinjiang

Ecological response to the climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in xinjiang

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 765-777页

作者： CHEN Xi1, LUO Geping1, XIA Jun2, ZHOU Kefa1, LOU Shaoping3 & YE Minquan4 1. xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china 2. Institute of Geographical and Resources Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 3. urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station, urumqi 830011, china 4. Seismological Bureau of xinjiang uygur autonomous region, Urümqi 830011, china Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Xi 1. xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences 830011 Urumqi China 2. Institute of Geographical and Resources Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 3. urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station 830011 Urumqi China 4. Seismological Bureau of xinjiang uygur autonomous region 830011 Urümqi China

The Tianshan Mountains is a high and huge mountain body lying across the central part of xinjiang, china, and is also the main area where the runoff forms in xinjiang. In this paper, a set of RS-based study methods is put forward for deriving the information about the natural change of the ecology in arid areas, and the relationship between the climate change trend and the corresponding ecological response on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is analyzed from the scales of the land cover ecosystems and landscapes based on the observed data of climate, hydrology, modern glaciers and lakes on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years and the satellite RS data since recent 10 years by using the RS and GIS technologies. The results are as follows: (1) The overall trend of climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is that both air temperature and precipitation are increased, especially the increase amplitudes of air tempera-ture, precipitation and annual runoff volume are high since the decade of the 1990s; (2) the in-tegrated indexes of the vegetation in all the geographical divisions on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are obviously increased since recent 10 years, especially in the artificial oases and the foothill belts, such a change trend is advantageous for improving the vegetation ecology; and (3) the vegetation ecology in the arid areas is extremely sensitive to the climate change, the vegetation coverage and the biomass on the northern slope of the Tianshan Moun-tains are continuously increased because of the climate change since recent 10 years, their in-crease amplitudes in the plains and during the late stage are obviously higher than that in the mountainous regions and during the early stage.

关键词： north slope of the Tianshan Mountains, climate change, hydrological change, natural change of ecology,RS and GIS, vegetation index.

Climate instability in the Yili region, xinjiang during the last glaciation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第17期45卷 1604-1609页

作者： YE Wei, DONG Guangrong, YUAN Yujiang & MA Yingjie1. xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese academy of Sciences, urumqi 830011, china 2. Department of Geography, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, china 3. Institute of Desert Research, Chinese academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 4. xinjiang Institute of Meteorological Research, urumqi 830002, china xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China Department of Geography Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua China Institute of Desert Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China xinjiang Institute of Meteorological Research Urumqi China

The climate is influenced by westerlies year in year out and the aeolian loess is widespread in the Yili region, the xinjiang uygur autonomous region. Through the study of the loess section with a thickness of 21.5 m, much useful information about climatic change in this region during the last glaciation was gotten. Grain size analysis of loess samples in the section showed that the climatic change in the Yili region was of instability during the last glaciation and similar to those of the North Atlantic Ocean and Greenland. In correspondence with the Heinrich events, the percentage of the size fraction of loess with grain size less than 10 μm decreased in cold stadials in the Yili region. This result suggests that the westerly wind be strengthened during the cold periods. Compared with the stadials, the content of the loess with grain size less than 10 μm was increased in interstadials, which indicated that the strength of the westerly wind was weakened. It is obvious that the climate was instable

关键词： Yili region last glaciation climate instability.

Diversity of insect communities with different development phases in natural Populus euphratica forests in xinjiang

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Forest Ecosystems 2008年第1期10卷 56-59页

作者： QIAO Hai-li1,2, LUO You-qing1*, TIAN Cheng-ming1, SUN Jian-hua3, FENG Xiao-feng4 1Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. china 2Institute of Health & Environment of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. china 3Forest Pest Control Station of Bayingolin Mongolia autonomous District of xinjiang, Korla 841000, P. R. china 4Forest Pest Control Station of xinjiang uygur autonomous region, urumqi 830000, P. R. china Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 P. R. China Institute of Health & Environment of Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China Forest Pest Control Station of Bayingolin Mongolia autonomous District of xinjiang Korla 841000 P. R. China Forest Pest Control Station of xinjiang uygur autonomous region Urumqi 830000 P. R. China

An investigation method with sample plots was used to study insect communities in four different growth phases of natural Populus euphratica forests, which are juvenile, middle aged, over-mature and degraded forests, in Tarim, xinjiang in July, 2005 and April, 2006. In our studies, 5,116 insect specimens, belonging to 12 orders, 61 families and 141 species, were collected. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were the dominant orders. In middle-aged forests, species, individual numbers and diversity indices of insect communities were higher than those in other woodlands. The species richness and diversity indices were lowest in degraded forests because of extremely scarce vegetation.

关键词： xinjiang natural Populus euphratica forest insect community diversity

The qanats of xinjiang:historical development, characteristics and modern implications for environmental protection

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第2期4卷 211-220页

作者： WenJun HU1 ,2,JieBin ZHANG 3,YongQiang LIU 1 1Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,china 2The International Economic&Technical Cooperation and Exchange Center,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100053, china 3 xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese academy of Sciences,urumqi 830011,china Chinese Acad Sci Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Nanjing 210098 Jiangsu Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Int Econ & Tech Cooperat & Exchange Ctr Beijing 100053 Peoples R China

In china,qanats(kan’erjing/karez)exist only in xinjiang uygur autonomous region,being one form of traditional irrigation technology that made great contributions to oasis *** are different opinions on the origin and date of the qanats in xinjiang due to a lack of adequate *** uncontrolled over-exploitation of groundwater by pumping wells,as well as the expansion of surface water interventions nowadays,has caused serious impacts on not only the qanats,but also local ecological *** exist long-time arguments on whether the qanats should be restored or *** study aimed to examine the historical development, geological conditions and characteristics,and modern implications of the qanats for oasis environmental protection, and to discuss the initiatives taken by local *** whole xinjiang uygur autonomous region was included as the study area,with a specific focus on Turpan *** materials and data were obtained from literature review and governmental *** on a systematic examination of three prevailing theories on the origination of xinjiang’s qanats,it is suggested modern archaeological techniques could be good solutions to explore the origination in addition to historical records used *** qanats fail to fully meet today’s enormous water demands,their rich historical,cultural,ecological and environmental implications in arid areas should not be *** a cultural heritage and ecologically-friendly engineering creation,qanat systems shall be kept in good condition and function by a valuable *** initiatives to protect and restore target qanat systems in xinjiang could provide positive examples for the practices in other regions of the world where the protection and restoration of qanats or similar technologies are desired.

关键词： arid areas qanat(kan’erjing/karez) groundwater environmental protection oasis xinjiang

Impact of agricultural development on variation in surface runoff in arid regions:a case of the Aksu River Basin

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第4期4卷 399-410页

作者： XinHuan ZHANG1,DeGang YANG1,XinYi XIANG2,Xiang HUANG1 1 xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese academy of Sciences,urumqi 830011,china 2 School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,china Chinese Acad Sci Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China Southwest Univ Sch Geog Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China

Located in the south of xinjiang uygur autonomous region,the Tarim River is the longest inland river in *** development,excessive exploitation and low surface water use efficiency in the headstream regions have led to a marked decrease in the water supply to the ***,in turn,has resulted in the drying-up of the watercourse in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and serious deterioration of the *** Aksu River Basin,the most important headstream of the Tarim River,was selected as the research area in this *** elastic coefficient,water demand coefficient and water utilization intensity as the indices,we studied the impact of agricultural development on decreasing surface runoff since the *** results indicated that(1) the increasing rate of consumption of surface runoff outstripped the rate of increase measured in the natural catchment discharge,resulting in ever diminishing stream discharge into the Tarim *** irrigation and seepage loss in irrigation canal systems were the major sources for runoff consumption,taking 63.72% of the overall runoff ***'s more,agricultural water consumption took up more than 97% of the water used for long-term production;(2) the expansion of cultivated land,change of planting structure and comparatively low agricultural irrigation efficiency all contributed to the decrease in surface runoff of the Aksu *** elasticity coefficient of surface runoff reduction corresponding to the increase in planted area was 0.34 in the 1950s,while in the 2000s it had increased to *** reflected a more sensitive response of runoff decrease to cultivated land *** increase in cotton and fruit production,without widely-used scientific irrigation methods and water-saving technology,led to considerable waste of the water ***,the irrigation efficiency was still quite low,characterized by the waste of water resources,and the decrease of surface r

关键词： agricultural water use efficiency cultivated land area planting structure surface runoff variation Aksu River Basin

Carbon Storage and Vertical Distribution in Three Shrubland Communities in Gurbantünggüt Desert,uygur autonomousregion of xinjiang,Northwest china

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第5期22卷 541-549页

作者： GONG Yanming 1 ,HU Yukun 1 ,FANG Fei 1 ,LIU Yanyan 1 ,LI Kaihui 1 ,ZHANG Guangming 2 (1.Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land,xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese academy of Sciences,urumqi 830011,china 2.State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany,Chinese academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,china) 1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

This study was carried out in the Gurbantünggüt Desert,uygur autonomous region of xinjiang,Northwest china in August,*** quantify the storage,contribution and vertical distribution patterns of plant biomass carbon (PBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)in the study area,we investigated the carbon concentrations and its vertical distribution in three different desert shrubland communities dominated by Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron+*** and Tamarix ramosissima+***,*** analyzed vertical distribution of root biomass carbon and soil carbon contents by excavating soil profiles for each dominated *** results show that SOC is considerably the larger carbon pool in the soil layers of 1.0-3.0 m(the mean value of three shrubland communities is 38.46%)and 3.0-5.0 m(the mean value is 40.24%).In contrast,70.74%of belowground biomass carbon storage in 0-1.0 m layer,and its content decrease with increasing soil *** Haloxylon ammodendron+R. soongorica shrubland community has the highest belowground biomass carbon among three selected communities. This study highlights the importance of SOC stored in deep soil layers(lower than 3.0 m from the surface)in arid shrubland communities in the global carbon *** addition,it provides the data support for revealing deep soil solid carbon potential,and offers scientific basis for the further research in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem.

关键词： shrubland community plant biomass carbon soil organic carbon vertical distribution Gurbantünggüt desert

STUDY OF RURAL TOURISM IN TURPAN ,china

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第4期15卷 377-382页

作者： KEYIM Parhad YANG De-gang ZHANG Xiao-lei xinjianglnstitute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences UEruemqi 830011 P. R. China The Graduate School of Chinese A cademy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China

Rural tourism has long been considered the means of accelerating economic and social development, and has become a development tool for many rural areas. In response to agricultural structure adjustment, rural tourism in china took into shape as a new economic growth point to meet the market demand at the late 1980s. Now, a structural frame of rural tourism has shaped, with the core of Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu of china. But in xinjiang, the western part of china, there are hardly any studies in this field in spite of its richness of tourism resources. In this paper, development of rural tourism is studied in Turpan of xinjiang uygur autonomous region. With its rich natural and cultural tourism resources, Turpan has become one of the pioneer tourism destinations in china. But same to the rural tourism development of the other areas’ of china, rural tourism programs in Turpan mainly aimed at sightseeing activities, and little attention had been paid to the protection and exploitation of national minority culture-an important factor to satisfy both tourists demand and local economic development. However, this kind of rural tourism development policy is harmful on the long run. Because, many tourists seek tourist destinations that offer pleasant experiences related to not only the natural environment but also historic heritage and cultural patterns. The study suggests that on the base of government support in the long term, to enhance tourism training, to protect and exploit national minority culture are essential elements of rural tourism development in Turpan.

关键词： rural tourism Turpan uygur