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The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第5期28卷 49-57页

作者： GUO Wei LI Shuheng ZHU Dakui School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China department of Computer sciences Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China department of Urban and Resources sciences Northwest University Xi＇an 710032 China Faculty of environmental sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Coast ＆ Island Development of Ministry of Education Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies, coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth. The integration management of the data from different disciplines, different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System （GIS）. This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology, including data acquisition, process, analysis, and representation. It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism, such as spatial analysis, submarine topography model and three-dimension （3D） visualization, and apply its result to coastal urban planning, harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf. The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community, economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone. The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope, fields and methods, however, as made clear in this paper, extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.

关键词： coastal geomorphology geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis threedimensional visualization

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Sorption of Eu^(3+) onto nano-size silica-water interfaces

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Science China earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1942-1948页

作者： HU ping1,2, YIn Xiulan3 , ZHAO Linghu1 & LI Dien4 1. department of earth sciences, China university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. northeastern Illinois university, Chicago, IL 60625, USA 3. China Institute of Geo-environmental Monitoring, beijing 100081, China 4. Division of Chemistry, Los Alamos national Laboratory, Los Alamos, nM 87544, USA 1. department of earth sciences China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. northeastern Illinois university 60625 Chicago IL USA 3. China Institute of Geo-environmental Monitoring 100081 Beijing China 4. Division of Chemistry Los Alamos National Laboratory 87544 Los Alamos NM USA

The sorption of Eu species onto nano-size silica-water interfaces is investigated at pH range of 1―8.5 and the initial Eu concentrations (CEu) of 2 × 10?5, 2 × 10?4 and 2 × 10?3 M using fluorescence spectroscopy. The sorption rate of Eu is initially low, but significantly in-creases at pH > 4. For the initial CEu of 2 × 10?5, 2 × 10?4 and 2 × 10?3 M, the dissolved Eu spe-cies are completely sorbed onto silica-water interfaces at pH = 4.75, ~5.8 and 6.6, respectively, with the respective sorption densities of ~1.58 × 10?8, 1.58 × 10?7 and 1.58 × 10?6 mol/m2. The sorbed Eu species at pH 3+, which is sorbed onto silica-water interfaces as an outer-sphere complex at pH but may be sorbed as an inner-sphere bidentate complex at 5 pH nH2O to ~6 at pH = 6. At pH = 6 – 8, Eu(OH)2+, Eu(CO3)+ and Eu(CO3)2? form in the solutions, and Eu(CO3)+ is dominant at pH = ~7.5. These ions may be sorbed onto silica-water interfaces as inner-sphere bidentate complexes or multi-nuclear pre-cipitates.

关键词： surface sorption, Eu3+ species, nano-size silica, fluorescence spectroscopy, immobilization of toxic metals

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Distributions of fatty acids in a stalagmite related to paleoclimate change at Qingjiang in Hubei,southern China

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Science China earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1463-1469页

作者： XIE Shucheng1,HUAnG Junhua1,WAnG Hongmei2,YI Yi1,HU Chaoyong1, CAI Yanjun3 & CHEnG Hai4 1. Faculty of earth Science,China university of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China 2. School of environmental Studies,China university of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China 3. SKLLQG,Institute of earth Environment,Chinese Academy of sciences,Xi’an 710075,China 4. department of Geology and Geophysics,university of Minnesota,Mn55455,USA 1. Faculty of earth Science China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. School of environmental Studies China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 3. SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 710075 Xi’an China 4. department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota 55455 MN USA

Fatty acids extracted from a subtropical stalagmite at Qingjiang in Southern China’s Hubei province were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These n-alkanoic acids range from C14 to C26 in carbon number, maximizing at C16, with a second dominance at C22. In contrast to the stalagmite analysed, the overlying soils are characterized by the dominance of heavy-molecular-weight homologues (>C20). The n-fatty acids in the stalagmite were proposed to be contributed by both the soil ecosystems and the microbes harboring in the percolating water and the cave. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated n-fatty acids (C16:1i/C16:0, C18:1/C18:0) appear to show trends comparable with the oxygen isotope records of the stalagmite carbonate, with enhanced values associated with the cold episode such as Heinrich event 1. This paleoclimate-dependent record of the n-fatty acids might reflect microbial changes in physiology and activity in response to the temperature. This record shows somewhat difference from the previous paleoclimate signal extracted from n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones of the same stalagmite. The acid record fails to document the well-known Younger Dryas event which was effectively shown by the latter two biomarkers derived from soil ecosystems. This discrepancy might result from the changing biogeochemical impact on different lipid fractions as well as the varied organism populations in different ecosystems.

关键词： biomarker, ecosystem, microbe, speleothem, paleoclimate, Quaternary.

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physicochemical and microbiological effects of biosurfactant on the remediation of HOC-contaminated soil

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progress in natural Science:Materials International 2005年第7期15卷 577-585页

作者： ZEnG Guangming , ZHOnG Hua, HUAnG Guohe and FU Haiyan ( department of environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan university, Changsha 410082, China Faculty of Engineering, university of Regina, Regina, Saskatoon S4S0A2, canada) department of environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China. Faculty of Engineering University of Regina Regina Saskatoon S4S0A2 Canada

Remediation of soil contaminated by hydrophobia organic compounds using biosurfactants as additives involves interactions between soil matrix, hydrophobic organic compound contaminants, biosurfactants and microorganisms. In this paper, the mechanism for biosurfactants to enhance the contaminant degradation is basically revealed. biosurfactants can enhance solubilization of the contaminants in the soil matrix, change their mass transfer properties into the aqueous phase, as well as affect their sorption properties. Furthermore, biosurfactants can act on microorganisms and change their surface properties, accordingly cause new growth and uptake behavior of the bacteria in the soil matrix. both the physicochemical and the microbiological effects can basically increase the bioavailability of the contaminants and enhance their degradation.

关键词： bioavailability physicochemical effects microbiological effect hydropbobic organic compounds biosurfactants.

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The great Ordovician radiation of marine life: Examples from South China

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progress in natural Science:Materials International 2008年第1期18卷 1-12页

作者： Renbin Zhan a,*, Jisuo Jin b, Yuandong Zhang a, Wenwei Yuan a a State Key Laboratory of palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, nanjing Institute of Geology and palaeontology, Chinese Academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, China b department of earth sciences, university of Western ontario, London Ont., canada n6A 5b7 State Key Laboratory of palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China department of earth sciences University of Western Ontario London Ont. Canada N6A 5B7

The Ordovician radiation is the earliest and most important biodiversification event in the evolution of the paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna (pEF), when the basic framework of pEF was established. The radiation underwent a gradual, protracted process spanning more than 40 million years and was marked by several diversity maxima of the pEF. Case studies conducted on the Upper Yangtze platform (South China palaeoplate) showed that the Ordovician radiation was characterized by drastic increases in a- and b-diversity in various groups of organisms. During the radiation, brachiopods, trilobites, and graptolites of the pEF became more diverse to dominate over the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna (CEF) in all marine environments. At either global or regional scales, however, the Ordovician radiation was highly heterogeneous in time and space, and the rate and pattern of radiation exhibited by difierent major fossil groups were also variable.

关键词： Ordovician radiation paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna a-diversity b-diversity Upper Yangtze platform

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Carbon isotope ratios of C_(4) plants in loess areas of north China

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Science China earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 97-102页

作者： WAnG Guoan1,2,3, HAn Jiamao 2, ZHOU Liping3, XIOnG Xiaogang4, TAn Ming2, WU Zhenhai5 & pEnG Jun6 1. department of plant nutrition, China Agricultural university, beijing 100094, China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100029, China 3. College of environmental sciences, MOE Laboratory for earth Surface processes, peking university, beijing 100871, China 4. Institute of botany, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100093, China 5. northwest Sci-Tech university of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China 6. network Center, China Agricultural university, beijing 100094, China 1. department of plant nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. College of environmental sciences MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing 100871 China 4. Institute of botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 5. northwest Sci-Tech university of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China 6. network Center China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Carbon isotope ratios (δ^(13)C) of 89 C_4 plant samples were determined fromthe loess area in north China. δ^(13)C values vary between -10.5per thousand and -14.6per thousandwith a mean of -12.6per thousand. Along a precipitation gradient from the semi-moist area to thesemiarid area, then to the arid area, the δ^(13)C values of C_4 plants show a slight decreasingtrend. The δ^(13)C values of C_4 plants in the dry season are found lower than those in the wetseason. These trends are opposite to those observed for C_3 species.

关键词： C4 plants, carbon isotope ratios, loess area.

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Mixed-layer water oscillations in tropical pacific for EnSO cycle

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Science China earth sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1892-1908页

作者： ZHAO Yongping1,CHEn YongLi1,WAnG Fan1 & WU AiMing2 1 Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of sciences,Qingdao 266071,China 2 department of earth & Ocean sciences,university of british Columbia,Vancouver,bC,V6T 1Z4,canada 1. Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China 2. department of earth & Ocean sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

The main modes of interannal variabilities of thermocline and sea surface wind stress in the tropical pacific and their interactions are investigated,which show the following results.(1) The thermocline anomalies in the tropical pacific have a zonal dipole pattern with 160°W as its axis and a meridional seesaw pattern with 6-8°n as its transverse *** meridional oscillation has a phase lag of about 90° to the zonal oscillation,both oscillations get together to form the El ni?o/La ni?a cycle,which be-haves as a mixed layer water oscillates anticlockwise within the tropical pacific basin between equator and 12°n.(2) There are two main patterns of wind stress anomalies in the tropical pacific,of which the first component caused by trade wind anomaly is characterized by the zonal wind stress anomalies and its corresponding divergences field in the equatorial pacific,and the abnormal cross-equatorial flow wind stress and its corresponding divergence field,which has a sign opposite to that of the equatorial region,in the off-equator of the tropical north pacific,and the second component represents the wind stress anomalies and corresponding divergences caused by the ITCZ anomaly.(3) The trade winds anomaly plays a decisive role in the strength and phase transition of the EnSO cycle,which results in the sea level tilting,provides an initial potential energy to the mixed layer water oscillation,and causes the opposite thermocline displacement between the west side and east side of the equator and also between the equator and 12°n of the north pacific basin,therefore determines the amplitude and route for EnSO *** ITCZ anomaly has some effects on the phase transition.(4) The thermal anomaly of the tropical western pacific causes the wind stress anomaly and extends eastward along the equator accompanied with the mixed layer water oscillation in the equatorial pacific,which causes the trade winds anomaly and produces the anomalous wind stress and the corresponding di

关键词： tropical pacific, thermocline and sea surface wind stress anomaly, EnSO cycle, mixed layer water oscillation

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Change of surface cover greenness in China between 2000 and 2010

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Chinese Science bulletin 2012年第22期57卷 2835-2845页

作者： LIU Shuang1,4& GOnG peng1,2,31State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of sciences,and beijing normal university, beijing 100101, China 2Institute for Global Change Studies & Center for earth System Science, Tsinghua university, beijing 100084, China 3department of environmental Science, policy and Management, university of California, berkeley, CA94720, USA 4Graduate university of Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Institute for Global Change Studies & Center for earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China department of environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley USA

Surface greenness reflects the situation of vegetation *** index calculated from the Red and near Infrared bands of remote sensing images,whose values indicate the level of photosynthetic activity,is monotonically related to surface greenness when vegetation canopy does not fully cover the background *** for desert regions,vegetation index is positively correlated with vegetation ***,vegetation index can be used to study the change in greenness of desert *** study collected MODIS normalized Difference Vegetation Index (nDVI) data from 2000 to 2010 and analyzed their change over China in this *** results showed that an increasing trend of nDVI occurred over 66.84% (OLS fitting) or 64.27% (LAD fitting) of China,indicating that China's greenness is increasing ***,desertification of China *** showing large increase in greenness are found in Shaanxi,Shanxi,ningxia,Henan,Shandong,Qinghai,and Gansu while regions with large decrease in greenness are found in northeast Inner Mongolia,South Tibet,Jiangsu,and *** of Qinghai,Gansu,Xinjiang and South Tibet could probably be driven by climate *** of greenness in northeast Inner Mongolia was related to agricultural *** of greenness in Jiangsu and Shanghai was related to rapid *** factors did not exhibit obvious correspondence to the large increase in greenness in Shaanxi,Shanxi,ningxia and Gansu,indicating that the changes might have been caused by human *** reduction of desert areas in China could probably have been caused by human management and protection at the national scale.

关键词：中国地表覆盖归一化植被指数植被覆盖度沙漠地区 nDVI 西藏南部气候因素

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Contribution of Root and Microbial Respiration to Soil CO_2 Efflux and Their environmental Controls in a Humid Temperate Grassland of Japan

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pedosphere 2009年第1期19卷 31-39页

作者： WAnG Wei FEnG Jiang T. OIKAWA department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 （China） School of Urban and environmental sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 （China） Institute of biological sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8572 （Japan）

Soil CO2 efflux, root mass, and root production were investigated in a humid temperate grassland of Japan over a growing season （Apr. to Sep.） of 2005 to reveal seasonal changes of soil CO2 efflux, to separate the respective contributions of root and microbial respiration to the total soil CO2 efttux, and to determine the environmental factors that control soil respiration. Minimal microbial respiration rate was estimated based on the linear regression equations between soil CO2 effiux and root mass at different experimental sites. Soil CO2 efflux, ranging from 4.99 to 16.29 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1, depended on the seasonal changes in soil temperature. The root mass at 0-10 cm soil depth was 0.82 and 1.27 kg m^-2 in Apr. and Sep., respectively. The root mass at 0-10 cm soil depth comprised 60% of the total root mass at 0-50 cm soil depth. The root productivity at 0-30 cm depth varied from 8 to 180 g m^-2 month^-1. Microbial and root respiration rates ranged from 1.35 to 5.51 and 2.72 to 12.06μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1, respectively. The contribution of root respiration to the total soil CO2 efflux averaged 53%, ranging from 33% to 72%. The microbial respiration rate was exponentially related to soil temperature at 10 cm depth （R^2 = 0.9400, p = 0.002, n = 6）, and the root respiration rate was linearly related to the root production at 0-30 cm depth （R2 = 0.6561, p = 0.042, n = 6）.

关键词： grasslands microbial respiration root production root respiration

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Low-frequency fluctuations in the magnetosheath: Double Star TC-1 and Cluster observations

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1626-1638页

作者： DU Jian1,2 WAnG Chi1, SOnG pu3,4 & ZHAnG TieLong5 1 State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100190, China 2 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, China 3 earth, environmental and Atmospheric sciences department, university of Massachusetts, Lowell, Mas-sachusetts MA 01854, USA 4 Center for Atmospheric Research, university of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts MA 01854, USA 5 Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of sciences, Graz A-8010, Austria State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China earth Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Department University of Massachusetts Lowell Massachusetts MA 01854 USA Center for Atmospheric Research University of Massachusetts Lowell Massachusetts MA 01854 USA Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz A-8010 Austria

The magnetic field variations are analyzed in the range of time periods from 4 s to 240 s in the magnetosheath observed by the Double Star TC-1 and Cluster in 2004. The characteristics of the magnetic field fluctuations are strongly controlled by the angle between the upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the normal of the bow shock. Generally speaking, the magnetic field fluctuations in the quasi- parallel magnetosheath are more intense than those in the quasi-perpendicular ones. Almost purely compressional waves are found in the quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath. With the increase of the local plasma β, both the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field fluctuate more intensely. There exists an inverse correlation between the local temperature anisotropy T⊥/T|| and the plasma β.

关键词： low-frequency fluctuations magnetosheath MHD instabilities

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