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Characteristics of the Lower Yellow River channel shrinkage and its discriminant parameters

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1374-1386页

作者： HU ChunHong1 & ZHANG GuoGang2 1 china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100038,china 2 Guangdong Electric Power Design institute,Guangzhou 510663,china china institute of water resources and hydropower research Beijing China Guangdong Electric Power Design institute Guangzhou China

This paper analyzes the changing trends of the Lower Yellow River(LYR) transverse profile parameters and their aberrance points by the time series analysis *** results show that there has been a trend of changes in the LYR channel transverse profile parameters since the *** main river channel has a tendency of shrinkage year by year and the trend will be continued in the *** main features of the LYR channel shrinkage are remarkable reductions of bankfull dis-charges and bankfull areas,corresponding decreases of bankfull widths,average bankfull water depths and maximal bankfull water depths,as well as increases of bankfull water levels and width-depth ratios *** discriminant parameters for threshold of the LYR main channel shrinkage were put *** indicates that the LYR main channel began to shrink in the 1970s and has entered into a serious phase of channel shrinkage since the *** incompatible index of discharged water-sediment processes of the Sanmenxia Reservoir was introduced,which revealed that there was a trend of increasing in the incompatibility between water flow and sediment *** relations between the LYR main channel shrinkage parameters and discharged water-sediment processes of the Sanmenxia Reservoir were founded,which indicate that the LYR main channel shrinkage can be mitigated and improved through the regulation of discharged water-sediment processes of the reservoir,especially through the regulation of water-sediment incompatible *** LYR channel for water and sediment transportation can be restored and maintained.

关键词： Lower Yellow River time series analysis main river channel shrinkage discriminant parameters of channel shrinkage water-sediment incompatible index

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Hydraulic characteristics of converse curvature section and aerator in high-head and large discharge spillway tunnel

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 33-39页

作者： LIU ZhiPing 1,2,ZHANG Dong 2,ZHANG HongWei 2 &WU YiHong 1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin,beijing 100038,china 2 china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100038,china State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin Beijing China china institute of water resources and hydropower research Beijing China

The hydraulic characteristics and cavitation erosion near the converse curvature section in the high-head and large discharge spillway tunnel have been important issues of concern to the hydropower *** this paper,the evolutions of hydraulic elements such as pressure,flow velocity,wall shear stress,*** the converse curvature section are analyzed and the impacts of bottom aerator on hydraulic characteristics are discussed,with the commercial software FLUENT6.3 as a platform and combining the k-model and VOF *** flow pattern in the converse curvature section of spillway tunnel is given by the three-dimensional numerical *** indicates that the pressure changes rapidly with great pressure gradient from the beginning to the end of the *** also shows that the shear stress on side wall just downstream the end of the converse curvature curve is still increasing;the aeration cavity formed downstream the bottom aerator may cause the side wall pressure decreased to worsen the cavitation characteristics near the side *** means of the physical model experiment,the three-dimensional aerator composed of side wall baffling aerator and bottom aerator is studied,the baffling aerator suitable for the water flow conditions with water depth of 6.0 to 8.0 m and flow velocity of 35 to 50 m/s is proposed.

关键词： spillway tunnel baffling aerator converse curvature section hydraulic characteristics

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research on the multi-level intake water temperature effect of the Yalong River Jinping-I hydropower project

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 125-132页

作者： WU ShiYong 1,CAO Wei 1,WANG HongMei 1,SUN ShuangKe 2 &CHEN QiuWen 3 1 Ertan hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,china 2 china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100038,china 3 research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100085,china Ertan hydropower Development Company Ltd. Chengdu China china institute of water resources and hydropower research Beijing China research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on the discussion of the multi-level intake application status of high dam reservoir,this paper takes the Jinping-I hydropower project reservoir in the Yalong River as an example,which is shaped by the highest 305 m high arch dam,and carries out the forecasting research on the reservoir temperature by numerical simulation and physical model *** paper studies the intake effect of withdrawing the surface warm water by the stoplog gates inlets and verifies the reliability of the mathematical model by comparative *** results show that for a high dam hydropower station,taking the appropriate multi-level intake measure can withdraw the surface warm water in the spawning season and provide a favorable environment for the fish *** technical ideas and implementation scheme are adopted in this *** can provide technical reference for the solutions of similar problems in the future and it also has important engineering significance on the research of water temperature in large deep reservoirs.

关键词： water temperature multi-level intake Jinping-I hydropower project

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黄河中游水沙过程对水土保持治理的响应研究

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水电能源科学 2011年第11期29卷 145-148,216页

作者：王晓燕杨涛冯杰河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室江苏南京210098 中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038

为了解水土保持治理对泥沙过程的影响,在分离了气候变化对水沙过程变化的影响后,结合变动范围法研究了黄河中游多沙粗沙区由于水土保持治理等人类活动引起的水文、泥沙变化的时空演变规律。结果表明,1953～2000年由水土保持工程导致较... 详细信息

为了解水土保持治理对泥沙过程的影响,在分离了气候变化对水沙过程变化的影响后,结合变动范围法研究了黄河中游多沙粗沙区由于水土保持治理等人类活动引起的水文、泥沙变化的时空演变规律。结果表明,1953～2000年由水土保持工程导致较显著的黄河中游水文变化参数为反转数、10月月平均流量、90d最小流量等12个IHA因子;较显著的泥沙变化参数为10月、4月月平均输沙量、年最大3d输沙量等8个因子;黄河中游多沙粗沙区中多数流域的水文与泥沙变化程度具有相似的空间分布规律;工程措施对水沙过程变化的影响较直接,而非工程措施中植树造林对黄河中游水沙变化影响较大。

关键词：水沙过程水土保持治理空间变化 RVA方法 IHA因子黄河中游

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河流生态补偿研究初探

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水电能源科学 2009年第3期27卷 31-34页

作者：付意成魏传江王瑞年毕永传中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院山东泰安271018

在合理界定河流生态补偿概念的基础上,结合河流系统自身特点及实践经验,从系统耦合角度对河流生态补偿机制进行初探,并提出了河流生态补偿未来研究重点。

关键词：河流生态补偿系统耦合后评目标生态风险

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Study on real working performance and overload safety factor of high arch dam

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 48-59页

作者： ZHANG GuoXin,LIU Yi & ZHOU QiuJing Department of Structures and Materials,china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100038,china Department of Structures and Materials China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing China

Considering the fact that high arch dams have problems such as complicated stress,high cost,and hazards after being damaged,this paper intends to study the effects of load,material strength,and safety analysis method on dam safety and working performance of arch *** this article,the effects of temperature,self weight exaction way and water loading on structure response are first discussed,and a more reasonable way of considering is then put *** taking into consideration the mechanical property of materials and comparing the effects of different yield criteria on overloading safety of high arch dams,this paper concludes that brittle characteristics of concrete should be fully considered when conducting safety assessment for high arch dams to avoid overestimating the bearing capacity of the *** comparing several typical projects,this paper works out a safety assessment system of multiple safety and relevant engineering analogical analysis methods,which is closer to the actual situation,and thus is able to assess the response of high arch dam structure in a more comprehensive way,elicit the safety coefficients in different situations,and provide a new way of considering the safety assessment of high arch dams.

关键词： high arch dam real working performance safety load strength safety assessment method

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Simulation of influence of multi-defects on long-term working performance of high arch dam

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 1-8页

作者： ZHANG GuoXin ,LIU Yi,ZHENG CuiYing & FENG Fan State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin,beijing 100038,china china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100038,china State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin Beijing China

As an integrated structure,an arch dam is assumed to bear loads in its design ***,multi-defects,such as cracks and the opening of transverse joints,are unavoidable during construction and ***-defects will reduce the structural integrity and stiffness of the dam and affect its working performance and degree of *** the current paper,a numerical model of defects and a simulation method of a high arch dam are *** Chencun arch dam is analyzed as a case *** entire course simulation analysis of the Chencun arch dam from construction to operation is carried out,through which the opening of the transverse and longitudinal joints,formation of cracks,and their influence on deformation and stress of the dam are *** to the results of the analysis,appropriate measures should be adopted to prevent the development of cracks,and observation should be strengthened for a more timely discovery of risks.

关键词： high arch dam crack multi-defects working performance

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A STUDY ON THE WARPING NEAR IRRIGATION HEADWORKOF THE LOWER REACH OF YELLOW RIVER

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International Journal of Sediment research 1999年第2期14卷 399-404页

作者： HUANG Jinchi WANG Yangui (china institute of water resources and hydropower research, Fuxinglu, A-l, beijing,100038, china)

The Yellow River is famous for its tremendous amount of sediment transport. Through a careful settlement, large amount of sediment laden flow can be diverted out for warping. however. for successfully completing a warping process, a series of technical measures must be taken and a precisely pre-planning is necessary. In this paper, a general description on the warping for soil improvement has been provided; some technical problems for a successful warping process were put forward and finally. a practical designing example on silt filling at headwork of an irrigation project is examined. The case study shows that drawing of flood water at hyper-concentration of sediment for warping is an effective measure to fully utilize water and sediment resources in the Lower Yellow River.

关键词： Warping Sediment transport Lower Yellow River

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A COUPLED MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND water QUALITY FOR YUQIAO RESERVOIR IN HAIHE RIVER BASIN

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第5期20卷 574-582页

作者： LIU Xiao-bo PENG Wen-qi HE Guo-jian LIU Jing-ling WANG Yu-chun School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of water Environment China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing100038 China Department of Hydraulic Engineering State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China

In order to simulate the characteristics of hydrodynamic field and mass transport processes in the Yuqiao Reservoir （YQR）, a 2-D coupled model of hydrodynamics and water quality was developed, and the water-quality related state variables in this model included CODMn, TN and TP. The hydrodynamic model was driven by employing observed winds and daily measured flow data to simulate the seasonal water cycle of the reservoir. The simulation of the mass transport and transformation processes of CODMn, TN and TP was based on the unsteady diffusion equations, driven by observed meteorological forcing and external loadings, with the fluxes form the bottom of reservoir and the plant photosynthesis and respiration as internal sources and sinks. A finite volume method and Alternating Direction Implicit （ADI） scheme were used to solve these equations. The model was calibrated and verified by using the data observed from YQR in two different years. The results showed that in YQR, the wind-driven current was an important style of lake current, while the concentration of water quality item was decreasing from east to west because of the external pollutant loadings. There was a good agreement between the simulated and measured values, with the minimal calculation error percent of 0.1% and 2.6% and the mean error percent of 44.0% and 51.2% for TN and TP separately. The simulation also showed that, in YQR, the convection was the main process in estuaries of inflow river, and diffusion and biochemical processes dominate in center of reservoir. So it was necessary to build a pre-pond to reduce the external loadings into the reservoir.

关键词： model simulation Yuqiao Reservoir (YQR) wind driven current water quality

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Experiments and sensitivity analyses for heat transfer in a meter-scale regularly fractured granite model with water flow

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第12期13卷 958-968页

作者： Wei LU1,2,Yan-yong XIANG1 (1School of Civil Engineering,beijing Jiaotong University,beijing 100044,china) (2State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin,china institute of water resources and hydropower research,beijing 100038,china) School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing China

Experiments of saturated water flow and heat transfer were conducted for a meter-scale model of regularly fractured granite. The fractured rock model （height 1502.5 ram, width 904 mm, and thickness 300 mm）, embedded with two vertical and two horizontal fractures of pre-set apertures, was constructed using 18 pieces of intact granite. The granite was taken from a site currently being investigated for a high-level nuclear waste repository in china. The experiments involved different heat source temperatures and vertical water fluxes in the embedded fractures either open or filled with sand. A finite difference scheme and computer code for calculation of water flow and heat transfer in regularly fractured rocks was developed, verified against both the experimental data and calculations from the TOUGH2 code, and employed for parametric sensitivity analyses. The experiments revealed that, among other things, the temperature distribution was influenced by water flow in the fractures, especially the water flow in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source, and that the heat conduction between the neighboring rock blocks in the model with sand-filled fractures was enhanced by the sand, with larger range of influence of the heat source and longer time for approaching asymptotic steady-state than those of the model with open fractures. The temperatures from the experiments were in general slightly smaller than those from the numerical calculations, probably due to the fact that a certain amount of outward heat transfer at the model perimeter was unavoidable in the experiments. The parametric sensitivity analyses indicated that the tem- perature distribution was highly sensitive to water flow in the fractures, and the water temperature in the vertical fracture adjacent to the heat source was rather insensitive to water flow in other fractures.

关键词： Fractured granite water flow Heat transfer Physical modeling Numerical calculation Sensitivity analysis

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